# BeaverCheck Audit Report — https://kcl.ac.uk

**Date:** April 21, 2026  
**URL:** https://kcl.ac.uk  
**Overall Grade:** C (74/100)  
**Report:** https://beavercheck.com/results/0e08b266-8a4c-4efa-a188-5150fb3bb1c6

## Top Findings

1. **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — Security > Security Headers
2. **[CRITICAL]** HSTS header is missing — Security > Security Headers
3. **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — Security > Content Security Policy
4. **[WARNING]** 44 third-party resources (100% of weight) — Performance > Page Weight Inventory
5. **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy header is missing — Security > Security Headers

---

## Lighthouse Scores

| Category | Score |
|----------|-------|
| Performance | 55 |
| Accessibility | 94 |
| Best Practices | 81 |
| SEO | 66 |

---

## Security

### Security Headers (F — 10/100)

*2 of 10 headers properly configured*

- **[CRITICAL]** HSTS header is missing — Strict-Transport-Security forces browsers to use HTTPS, preventing downgrade attacks. Add the header with a max-age of at least 1 year.
- **[WARNING]** X-Content-Type-Options header is missing — This header prevents MIME-type sniffing, which can lead to XSS attacks. Set it to 'nosniff'.
- **[WARNING]** X-Frame-Options header is missing — This header prevents clickjacking by controlling who can embed your page in a frame. Set it to DENY or SAMEORIGIN.
- **[WARNING]** Referrer-Policy header is missing — Controls how much referrer information is sent with requests. Set to 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin' or stricter.
- **[WARNING]** Permissions-Policy header is missing — Controls which browser features (camera, microphone, geolocation) are allowed. Set it to restrict unused features.
- **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — CSP is the most important header for preventing XSS attacks. See the CSP section for detailed analysis.
- **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header is missing — COOP isolates your browsing context, preventing cross-origin side-channel attacks. Set to 'same-origin'.
- **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy header is missing — COEP prevents loading cross-origin resources without explicit permission. Required for SharedArrayBuffer and high-resolution timers.
- **[PASS]** X-Powered-By header is not present
- **[PASS]** Server header is present without version info

### Content Security Policy (F — 0/100)

*No enforcing CSP policy found*

- **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — CSP is the most effective defense against XSS attacks. Add a Content-Security-Policy header to restrict resource loading.

### TLS & Certificates (A+ — 100/100)

*TLS 1.3, 7 checks passed*

- **[PASS]** TLS 1.3 is used
- **[PASS]** Strong cipher suite is used
- **[INFO]** HTTP/2 is not negotiated — HTTP/2 provides multiplexing and header compression for better performance.
- **[PASS]** Certificate is valid (expires in 77 days)
- **[PASS]** Certificate chain has 4 certificates
- **[PASS]** Certificate uses modern signature algorithm
- **[PASS]** Certificate covers 2 domain(s)
- **[PASS]** Certificate is issued by a trusted CA

### Cookie Security (A+ — 100/100)

*No cookies set — no cookie security risks*

- **[PASS]** No cookies set — no cookie security risks

---

## Advanced Security

### Subresource Integrity (F — 20/100)

*0 of 6 external resources have SRI*

- **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from cdn.cookielaw.org lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from cdn.cookielaw.org lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from cdn.cookielaw.org lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from platform.twitter.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.

### JS Library Vulnerabilities (A+ — 100/100)

*No known vulnerabilities*

- **[PASS]** No known JavaScript library vulnerabilities detected

### Information Leakage (A+ — 100/100)

*No exposures*

- **[INFO]** No security.txt found — Consider adding a security.txt at /.well-known/security.txt.
- **[PASS]** No sensitive files exposed

### Email Security (A — 85/100)

*DMARC: quarantine*

- **[PASS]** DMARC policy is quarantine — good protection

### Permissions-Policy (D — 40/100)

*No header set*

- **[WARNING]** No Permissions-Policy header — Consider adding a Permissions-Policy header to restrict browser feature access from embedded content.

### CORS Configuration (B — 80/100)

*No CORS headers*

- **[PASS]** No CORS headers present — secure default

---

## Performance

### Page Weight Budget (B — 78/100)

*1.3 MB transferred, 45 requests*

- **[PASS]** Page weighs 3.3 MB (1.3 MB transferred)
- **[WARNING]** JavaScript is 593 KB — consider code splitting or lazy loading — Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
- **[PASS]** 45 HTTP requests
- **[INFO]** Estimated 0.26 g CO2 per page load

### Third-Party Impact (D — 50/100)

*100% third-party, 0 ms blocking*

- **[WARNING]** Third-party code accounts for 100% of page weight (1.3 MiB of 1.3 MiB)
- **[PASS]** Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)

### Text Compression (A+ — 100/100)

*All text resources are compressed*

- **[PASS]** All text resources are compressed

### Image Optimization (C — 60/100)

*18 images, 0 KB saveable*

- **[WARNING]** https://www.kcl.ac.uk/image-library/press-photos/b... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.kcl.ac.uk/newimages/csss/website-image... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.kcl.ac.uk/newimages/research/homepage/... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.kcl.ac.uk/SiteElements/2017/images/und... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.kcl.ac.uk/departmentalimages/research/... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.kcl.ac.uk/SiteElements/2017/images/kcl... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.kcl.ac.uk/SiteElements/2017/images/pos... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.kcl.ac.uk/SiteElements/2017/images/int... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.kcl.ac.uk/newimages/strategy-2030/stra... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.kcl.ac.uk/SiteElements/2017/images/lap... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

### JS Execution Cost (D — 40/100)

*2006ms total JS execution*

- **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-W5R...: 765ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://www.kcl.ac.uk/: 363ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** Unattributable: 254ms CPU time
- **[INFO]** https://www.kcl.ac.uk/SiteElements/2017/js/jquery-...: 233ms CPU time
- **[INFO]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/destination?...: 223ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** Third-party scripts: 2006ms (100% of total)

### Font Loading (A+ — 100/100)

*4 fonts (112 KB)*

- **[INFO]** 4 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

### JS Bundles (C — 60/100)

*10 scripts, 199 KB unused*

- **[WARNING]** https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/202503.1...: 70 KB unused (60%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/destination?...: 67 KB unused (39%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-W5R...: 63 KB unused (33%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[INFO]** Total unused JavaScript: 199 KB

### Resource Caching (A+ — 100/100)

*All resources properly cached*

- **[PASS]** No caching issues found

### Critical Rendering Path (A+ — 100/100)

*No render-blocking resources*

- **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected

### Resource Hints (A+ — 100/100)

*No optimization needed*

- **[PASS]** No resource hint issues

### Page Weight Inventory (C — 65/100)

*45 resources · 1.3 MB · 199 KB savings available*

- **[WARNING]** Page weight 258 KB over 1MB target
- **[INFO]** ~199 KB of savings available
- **[WARNING]** 44 third-party resources (100% of weight)

### Render-Blocking Resources (A+ — 100/100)

*No render-blocking resources detected*

- **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected in <head>

### Third-Party Resources (A+ — 100/100)

*No third-party resources detected*


---

## Content Quality

### Links (F — 40/100)

*124 links checked, 26 healthy, 98 broken*

- **[CRITICAL]** 26 of 124 links are healthy
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/siteelements/2017/css/style.min.css?ver... — Found in <link href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/SiteElements/2017/js/jquery-3.2.1.min.j... — Found in <script src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/ — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/study — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/abroad-opportunities — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/undergraduate — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/accommodation/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/social-mobility — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/visit/ — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/students/news.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/student-life — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/smhw — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sport — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/library/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/careers — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/it/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/research — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/research/explore — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/research/impact — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/research/research-environment — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/research/partnerships — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/doctoralcollege — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/faculties-departments.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/artshums/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/business/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/dentistry/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/law/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/lsm/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/nmes/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/nmpc/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/ioppn/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/about — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/about/history.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/about/strategy — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/about/strategy/learning-and-teaching — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/about/our-people — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/jobs — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/about/partnerships — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/about/governance-policies-and-proce... — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/professional-services — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/about/governance-policies-and-proce... — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/about/governance-policies-and-proce... — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/impact — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/kingsvenues — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/search — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://internal.kcl.ac.uk/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/alumni/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/siteelements/2017/js/glide.min.js — Found in <script src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/news/shakespeares-missing-london-house-... — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/events/series/postgraduate-informat... — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/ — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/SiteElements/2017/images/undergraduate.png — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/ — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/SiteElements/2017/images/postgraduate.png — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-research/ — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/SiteElements/2017/images/laptop-thin-kc... — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/study/international/ — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/SiteElements/2017/images/international.png — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://edge.kcl.ac.uk/ — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/entrepreneurship/scale-your-venture... — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/volunteering/index.aspx — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/image-library/press-photos/bush-house-v... — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/about/strategy/research-and-educati... — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/newimages/strategy-2030/strategy-2030-h... — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/newimages/csss/website-images/research-... — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/newimages/research/homepage/guys-cancer... — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/departmentalimages/research/kings-docto... — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/news — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/news/genetic-signature-of-adhd-linked-t... — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/news/calorie-labels-helpful-for-people-... — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/newimages/nmpc/calories.x84e42797.png?f... — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/news/kings-leads-global-push-to-standar... — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/newimages/folsm/hero-banner/bmeis/bmeis... — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/events/ — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/events/the-central-role-of-epistemic-ju... — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/newimages/sspp/ecs/events/justed.x805c9... — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/events/trust-and-knowledge-in-the-age-o... — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/newimages/ai/780x440/jimmy-wales-ai-lea... — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/events/book-launch-a-research-agenda-fo... — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/newimages/law/event-promos-780x440/book... — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/visit — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/london/index — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/cultural/index — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/student-experience — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/new-students — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/events — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/visit — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/SiteElements/2017/images/kcl-logo.svg — Found in <img src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/terms — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/terms/privacy — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/policyhub/modern-slavery-act-transp... — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sitehelp/accessibility — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sitehelp/cookie — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/SiteElements/2017/js/popper.min.js?vers... — Found in <script src>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://kcl.ac.uk/SiteElements/2017/js/scripts.min.js?ver... — Found in <script src>. Returns HTTP 429.

### Mixed Content (A+ — 100/100)

*No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS.*

- **[PASS]** No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS

### Open Graph (F — 0/100)

*No Open Graph tags found — social sharing previews will be generic.*

- **[WARNING]** No Open Graph meta tags found — Without og:title, og:description, and og:image, social media platforms will generate a generic preview when your page is shared.

### Structured Data (A+ — 100/100)

*7 JSON-LD block(s) found — structured data is well configured.*

- **[INFO]** Missing recommended property "dateModified" for Article — Adding "dateModified" can improve how search engines display your content.
- **[INFO]** Missing recommended property "dateModified" for Article — Adding "dateModified" can improve how search engines display your content.
- **[INFO]** Missing recommended property "dateModified" for Article — Adding "dateModified" can improve how search engines display your content.
- **[PASS]** 3 blocks of custom type "Event" — unable to validate specific properties
- **[PASS]** 7 JSON-LD blocks found

---

## Infrastructure

### DNS Records (A+ — 95/100)

*1 A records, 114 ms lookup*

- **[PASS]** Resolves to 1 IPv4 address(es)
- **[INFO]** Single A record — no DNS redundancy — Multiple A records provide failover if one server goes down.
- **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records
- **[PASS]** 3 nameserver(s) configured
- **[PASS]** 1 mail exchanger(s) configured
- **[INFO]** CAA records not checked — CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.
- **[PASS]** SPF record present in TXT
- **[PASS]** DNS resolution time: 114 ms

### Redirect Chain (B — 70/100)

*2 redirect(s), 343 ms total*

- **[WARNING]** 2 redirects before reaching final URL — Each redirect adds latency. Try to minimize the chain to 1 hop.
- **[INFO]** HTTP to HTTPS redirect present
- **[INFO]** WWW normalization redirect
- **[WARNING]** 2-hop chain could be reduced to 1 hop — Redirect directly from https://kcl.ac.uk to https://www.kcl.ac.uk/

### IPv6 Readiness (C — 60/100)

*No IPv6 support*

- **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records found — IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.

### Crawlability (A+ — 100/100)

*robots.txt present, sitemap with 3629 URLs*

- **[PASS]** robots.txt is present
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml is present
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml is valid XML
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml contains 3629 entries
- **[PASS]** robots.txt references sitemap

### URL Variants (D — 50/100)

*www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS*

- **[CRITICAL]** Both www and non-www versions serve content
- **[CRITICAL]** HTTP version does not redirect to HTTPS

### Domain Intelligence (A+ — 100/100)

*kcl.ac.uk — via No registrar listed.  This domain is directly registered with Nominet., hosted on JANET Jisc Services Limited, GB*

- **[PASS]** Registrar: No registrar listed.  This domain is directly registered with Nominet.
- **[WARNING]** Registrar lock is NOT enabled — The domain can be transferred without an unlock step. Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) in your registrar's control panel to protect against unauthorized or accidental transfers.
- **[PASS]** Hosting: JANET Jisc Services Limited, GB

---

## Compliance

### WCAG Compliance (A+ — 100/100)

*No testable criteria*


### Cookie Consent & Privacy (B — 80/100)

*No consent signals detected*

- **[WARNING]** No privacy policy link detected — A privacy policy page is recommended for transparency and may be legally required.
- **[INFO]** No terms of service link detected
- **[INFO]** No cookie consent banner detected
- **[INFO]** This is an automated check, not legal advice — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators of consent management. This does not constitute a legal compliance assessment. Consult a privacy professional for GDPR/CCPA compliance.

### Language & i18n (A — 90/100)

*Lang attribute present*

- **[PASS]** <html lang> attribute is present
- **[PASS]** <html lang> value is valid
- **[INFO]** No Content-Language HTTP header
- **[INFO]** Language signals are inconsistent — The <html lang> attribute and Content-Language header should agree.

### Readability & Typography (A+ — 100/100)

*Font sizes and tap targets checked*


### Viewport Configuration (A+ — 100/100)

*Viewport properly configured*

- **[PASS]** Viewport meta tag is present
- **[PASS]** width=device-width is set
- **[PASS]** User zooming is allowed

### Third-Party Trackers (C — 55/100)

*2 trackers detected*

- **[INFO]** 2 third-party trackers detected — Found 1 analytics, 0 advertising, 0 marketing, 1 tag manager trackers.
- **[WARNING]** Trackers detected but no cookie policy found — This page loads 2 trackers but no cookie policy was detected. GDPR requires disclosure when using tracking cookies.
- **[WARNING]** Trackers detected but no privacy policy found — Most data protection regulations require a privacy policy when collecting user data via trackers.

### Cookie & Tracker Inventory (A+ — 100/100)

*0 cookies · 2 trackers · 0 pre-consent*

- **[INFO]** 2 third-party tracker(s) detected on page

---

## Legal

### Legal Page Ecosystem (A — 85/100)

*4 of 7 expected legal pages detected*

- **[PASS]** Privacy Policy detected — Found at https://www.kcl.ac.uk/terms/privacy, linked from footer.
- **[PASS]** Terms of Service detected — Found at https://www.kcl.ac.uk/terms, linked from footer.
- **[PASS]** Cookie Policy detected — Found at https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sitehelp/cookie, linked from footer.
- **[PASS]** Accessibility Statement detected — Found at https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sitehelp/accessibility, linked from footer.
- **[INFO]** DMCA / Copyright Notice not detected — No link matching common DMCA / Copyright Notice URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a DMCA / Copyright Notice, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Refund / Returns Policy not detected — No link matching common Refund / Returns Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Refund / Returns Policy, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Acceptable Use Policy not detected — No link matching common Acceptable Use Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Acceptable Use Policy, especially those collecting user data.

### Copyright Notice (C — 55/100)

*No copyright notice detected*

- **[INFO]** No copyright notice detected — No copyright notice detected in the page content. While not legally required in most jurisdictions (copyright exists automatically), a notice is standard practice and signals site ownership.

### Regulatory Indicators

*2 regulatory indicator(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** This is a technical scan, not a legal assessment — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators that may suggest regulatory relevance. This is not a compliance audit and should not be relied upon for legal decisions. Consult qualified legal counsel for compliance assessments.
- **[INFO]** GDPR indicators detected (strong confidence) — Indicators suggesting GDPR may be relevant: Consent management platform detected: cookielaw.org; Privacy policy page found. EU General Data Protection Regulation — governs collection and processing of personal data of EU residents.
- **[INFO]** ADA indicators detected (moderate confidence) — Indicators suggesting ADA may be relevant: Accessibility statement page found. Americans with Disabilities Act / Section 508 — requires digital accessibility for people with disabilities.

### Third-Party Data Sharing

*2 third-party service(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** Data inventory for transparency purposes — This inventory identifies third-party services that receive data from your site visitors. Under regulations like GDPR (Article 30), maintaining records of data processing activities is commonly considered a best practice. This automated scan provides a starting point — it may not capture all data flows.
- **[INFO]** 2 third-party services across 2 categories — 2 third-party services detected across 2 categories: Analytics (1), Tag Management (1). Each of these services receives some user data from your site visitors.
- **[INFO]** Google Analytics (Analytics) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Page views, User behavior, Demographics, Device info, IP address. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available.
- **[INFO]** Google Tag Manager (Tag Management) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Orchestrates other tracking scripts, Page views. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available.

### Compliance Badges (C — 55/100)

*0 compliance badge(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** No compliance badges detected — No recognized compliance certification badges or seals were found. This is common — many sites do not display compliance badges.

---

## Availability

### CDN & Delivery (D — 50/100)

*No CDN detected*

- **[WARNING]** No CDN detected — A CDN can significantly improve load times for users around the world by caching content at edge nodes closer to them.

### HTTP Caching (F — 30/100)

*No cache headers*

- **[WARNING]** No Cache-Control header found — Browsers will use heuristic caching, which can be unpredictable. Set explicit cache headers.

### Transport Security (B — 75/100)

*HTTP/3, HSTS, and TLS version analysis*

- **[INFO]** HTTP/3 (QUIC) not advertised — HTTP/3 eliminates head-of-line blocking. If your CDN supports it, consider enabling it.
- **[WARNING]** Missing Strict-Transport-Security header — HSTS tells browsers to only use HTTPS, preventing SSL stripping attacks.
- **[PASS]** TLS 1.3 in use (fastest handshake, 1-RTT)

---

## Accessibility

### Landmark Structure (A+ — 100/100)

*5 landmarks*

- **[PASS]** <main> landmark present
- **[PASS]** 1 <nav> landmark(s) found
- **[PASS]** Skip navigation link present

### Heading Hierarchy (B — 75/100)

*36 headings, 1 skip(s)*

- **[WARNING]** Multiple H1 headings (8 found) — A page should have only one H1. Multiple H1s dilute the document outline.
- **[WARNING]** Heading level skipped: H1 → H3 (missing H2) — Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

### Alt Text Quality (A+ — 100/100)

*All 15 images OK*

- **[PASS]** 15 image(s) with good alt text

### Form Accessibility (A+ — 100/100)

*All 2 controls labeled*

- **[PASS]** 2 control(s) properly labeled

### Link & Button Quality (A — 88/100)

*137 links, 4 buttons — all OK*

- **[WARNING]** 7 link(s) open in new tab without warning — Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.
- **[PASS]** 130 link(s) with descriptive text

---

## UX

### 404 Error Page (C — 55/100)

*HTTP 404, custom page*

- **[PASS]** Correct 404 status code returned
- **[PASS]** Custom styled 404 page

### Favicon & Branding (F — 15/100)

*1 icon(s) detected*

- **[PASS]** favicon.ico present at site root
- **[INFO]** No apple-touch-icon detected — iOS devices use this when users add your site to their home screen. Add <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='180x180' href='/apple-touch-icon.png'>.

### Web Manifest (D — 40/100)

*Not found*

- **[INFO]** No web manifest found — No manifest at standard paths (/manifest.json, /site.webmanifest). A manifest is optional but enables PWA features like home screen installation and standalone display.

### Dark Mode Support (D — 40/100)

*No dark mode signals*

- **[INFO]** No dark mode signals detected — Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.
- **[INFO]** Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles — External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.

### Print Stylesheet (D — 40/100)

*No print styles*

- **[INFO]** No print-specific styles detected — When users print this page, they get the screen layout including navigation and non-essential elements. Add @media print rules to hide navigation and optimize layout for paper.

### Navigation UX (F — 30/100)

*1 navigation pattern(s)*

- **[PASS]** Skip navigation link detected
- **[PASS]** 1 navigation landmark(s) detected

---

## SEO

### Canonical URL (B — 80/100)

*Minor issues*

- **[WARNING]** No canonical tag found — Search engines will determine the canonical URL themselves, which may cause duplicate content issues.

### Meta Tags (A — 85/100)

*Title: 8 chars*

- **[PASS]** Page title is set
- **[WARNING]** Title is only 8 characters — consider expanding
- **[INFO]** Title and H1 have very different wording — Alignment helps users confirm they've reached the right page.

### Content Depth (B — 80/100)

*788 words, Very Difficult*

- **[PASS]** Page has 788 words of content
- **[INFO]** Reading level: Very Difficult (grade 30)

### Internal Links (A+ — 100/100)

*34 internal, 103 external*

- **[PASS]** 34 internal links (25%)
- **[PASS]** 100% of links use descriptive anchor text
- **[INFO]** 34 internal / 103 external links

### Image SEO (A+ — 100/100)

*15 images, 15 descriptive filenames*

- **[PASS]** All images have descriptive filenames

### Hreflang

*0 hreflang tags*


---

## Sustainability

### CO2 Per Page Load (A — 85/100)

*0.35g CO2 per view*

- **[PASS]** 0.35g CO2 per page view — This page transfers 1.3 MB, producing an estimated 0.35g of CO2 per visit using the Sustainable Web Design model (v4). Breakdown: data center 0.07g, network 0.06g, end-user device 0.23g.
- **[INFO]** At 10,000 monthly views: 42.6 kg CO2/year — With 10,000 page views per month, this page would generate approximately 42.6 kg of CO2 annually — equivalent to charging 5318 smartphones.

### Green Hosting (D — 40/100)

*Not green*

- **[INFO]** No confirmed renewable energy commitment detected — Consider providers like Cloudflare, Google Cloud, or Vercel that match 100% of their energy use with renewables.
- **[INFO]** Green hosting status based on known provider commitments — Green hosting detection uses a curated database of provider renewable energy commitments. This is not a real-time verification. For authoritative checks, visit thegreenwebfoundation.org.

### Repeat Visit Weight (A+ — 100/100)

*99% cached*

- **[PASS]** 99% reduction on repeat visits — Returning visitors download only 18 KB (vs 1282 KB first visit). 44 of 45 resources are served from browser cache, saving 0.35g CO2 per repeat visit.
- **[INFO]** Repeat visit: 0.01g CO2 (first visit: 0.35g)

### Carbon Budget (A — 85/100)

*25th percentile*

- **[PASS]** 0.35g CO2 — below the sustainability target of 0.50g — Cleaner than an estimated 75% of websites analyzed. This page meets the Web Sustainability Guidelines target.
- **[INFO]** Estimated 25th percentile — Compared to: top 10% = 0.20g, target = 0.50g, median = 0.60g per page view.

### Transfer Efficiency (B — 80/100)

*84% efficient*

- **[INFO]** Transfer efficiency: 84% — An estimated 199 KB (16%) could be eliminated: 0 KB via better compression, 0 KB via modern image formats, 199 KB of unused JavaScript. This wasted data produces 0.06g of unnecessary CO2 per page view.

---

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*Generated by [BeaverCheck](https://beavercheck.com) — https://beavercheck.com/results/0e08b266-8a4c-4efa-a188-5150fb3bb1c6*