# BeaverCheck Audit Report — https://lemonde.fr

**Date:** April 6, 2026  
**URL:** https://lemonde.fr  
**Overall Grade:** C (78/100)  
**Report:** https://beavercheck.com/results/10d91965-4b44-4c98-8566-5369a44d5855

## Top Findings

1. **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — Security > Security Headers
2. **[CRITICAL]** HSTS header is missing — Security > Security Headers
3. **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — Security > Content Security Policy
4. **[CRITICAL]** 1 image(s) missing alt attribute — Accessibility > Alt Text Quality
5. **[CRITICAL]** 1 image-in-link without alt text — Accessibility > Alt Text Quality

---

## Lighthouse Scores

| Category | Score |
|----------|-------|
| Performance | 64 |
| Accessibility | 91 |
| Best Practices | 100 |
| SEO | 92 |

---

## Security

### Security Headers (F — 10/100)

*2 of 10 headers properly configured*

- **[CRITICAL]** HSTS header is missing — Strict-Transport-Security forces browsers to use HTTPS, preventing downgrade attacks. Add the header with a max-age of at least 1 year.
- **[WARNING]** X-Content-Type-Options header is missing — This header prevents MIME-type sniffing, which can lead to XSS attacks. Set it to 'nosniff'.
- **[WARNING]** X-Frame-Options header is missing — This header prevents clickjacking by controlling who can embed your page in a frame. Set it to DENY or SAMEORIGIN.
- **[WARNING]** Referrer-Policy header is missing — Controls how much referrer information is sent with requests. Set to 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin' or stricter.
- **[WARNING]** Permissions-Policy header is missing — Controls which browser features (camera, microphone, geolocation) are allowed. Set it to restrict unused features.
- **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — CSP is the most important header for preventing XSS attacks. See the CSP section for detailed analysis.
- **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header is missing — COOP isolates your browsing context, preventing cross-origin side-channel attacks. Set to 'same-origin'.
- **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy header is missing — COEP prevents loading cross-origin resources without explicit permission. Required for SharedArrayBuffer and high-resolution timers.
- **[PASS]** X-Powered-By header is not present
- **[PASS]** Server header is present without version info

### Content Security Policy (F — 0/100)

*No enforcing CSP policy found*

- **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — CSP is the most effective defense against XSS attacks. Add a Content-Security-Policy header to restrict resource loading.

### TLS & Certificates (A+ — 100/100)

*TLS 1.3, 7 checks passed*

- **[PASS]** TLS 1.3 is used
- **[PASS]** Strong cipher suite is used
- **[INFO]** HTTP/2 is not negotiated — HTTP/2 provides multiplexing and header compression for better performance.
- **[PASS]** Certificate is valid (expires in 42 days)
- **[PASS]** Certificate chain has 2 certificates
- **[PASS]** Certificate uses modern signature algorithm
- **[PASS]** Certificate covers 1 domain(s)
- **[PASS]** Certificate is issued by a trusted CA

### Cookie Security (A+ — 100/100)

*No cookies set — no cookie security risks*

- **[PASS]** No cookies set — no cookie security risks

---

## Advanced Security

### Subresource Integrity (F — 20/100)

*0 of 14 external resources have SRI*

- **[WARNING]** External script from cmp.lemonde.fr lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External link from www.lemonde.fr lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External link from www.lemonde.fr lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External link from www.lemonde.fr lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External link from www.lemonde.fr lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.lemonde.fr lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.lemonde.fr lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from applets.ebxcdn.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.lemonde.fr lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.lemonde.fr lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.lemonde.fr lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.lemonde.fr lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.lemonde.fr lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.lemonde.fr lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.

### JS Library Vulnerabilities (A+ — 100/100)

*No known vulnerabilities*

- **[PASS]** No known JavaScript library vulnerabilities detected

### Information Leakage (A+ — 100/100)

*No exposures*

- **[PASS]** security.txt is present — good practice
- **[PASS]** No sensitive files exposed

### Email Security (A — 85/100)

*DMARC: quarantine*

- **[PASS]** DMARC policy is quarantine — good protection

### Permissions-Policy (D — 40/100)

*No header set*

- **[WARNING]** No Permissions-Policy header — Consider adding a Permissions-Policy header to restrict browser feature access from embedded content.

### CORS Configuration (B — 80/100)

*No CORS headers*

- **[PASS]** No CORS headers present — secure default

---

## Performance

### Page Weight Budget (A — 91/100)

*826 KB transferred, 64 requests*

- **[PASS]** Page weighs 2.2 MB (826 KB transferred)
- **[INFO]** Fonts are 297 KB — consider subsetting or using system fonts — Subset fonts to include only used characters, or switch to system font stacks.
- **[INFO]** CSS is 220 KB — consider purging unused styles — Remove unused CSS rules with tools like PurgeCSS to reduce stylesheet size.
- **[INFO]** 64 HTTP requests
- **[INFO]** Estimated 0.17 g CO2 per page load

### Third-Party Impact (D — 50/100)

*100% third-party, 0 ms blocking*

- **[WARNING]** Third-party code accounts for 100% of page weight (826.1 KiB of 826.3 KiB)
- **[PASS]** Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)

### Text Compression (A+ — 100/100)

*All text resources are compressed*

- **[PASS]** All text resources are compressed

### Image Optimization (A+ — 100/100)

*14 images, 0 KB saveable*

- **[PASS]** All images are well-optimized

### JS Execution Cost (D — 40/100)

*2011ms total JS execution*

- **[WARNING]** https://www.lemonde.fr/en/: 564ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english...: 554ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** Unattributable: 381ms CPU time
- **[INFO]** https://cmp.lemonde.fr/js/lemonde-en.min.js: 243ms CPU time
- **[INFO]** https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english...: 128ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** Third-party scripts: 2011ms (100% of total)

### Font Loading (A+ — 100/100)

*8 fonts (297 KB)*

- **[INFO]** 8 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

### JS Bundles (A+ — 100/100)

*12 scripts, 23 KB unused*

- **[WARNING]** https://www.lemonde.fr/en/bucket/resources/english...: 23 KB unused (61%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[INFO]** Total unused JavaScript: 23 KB

### Resource Caching (A+ — 100/100)

*All resources properly cached*

- **[PASS]** No caching issues found

### Critical Rendering Path (A+ — 100/100)

*No render-blocking resources*

- **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected

### Resource Hints (A+ — 100/100)

*4 hints, 0 missing preconnects*

- **[PASS]** Page uses 4 resource hint(s)

### Render-Blocking Resources (A+ — 100/100)

*No render-blocking resources detected*

- **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected in <head>

### Third-Party Resources (A+ — 100/100)

*No third-party resources detected*


---

## Content Quality

### Links (B — 85/100)

*200 links checked, 197 healthy, 3 broken*

- **[WARNING]** 197 of 200 links are healthy
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://img.lemde.fr — Found in <link href>. Returns HTTP 400.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: android-app://com.lemonde.androidapp/lmfr/?x4=8 — Found in <link href>. Get "android-app://com.lemonde.androidapp/lmfr/?x4=8": unsupported protocol scheme "android-app"
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: ios-app://294047850/lmfr/?x4=8 — Found in <link href>. Get "ios-app://294047850/lmfr/?x4=8": unsupported protocol scheme "ios-app"

### Mixed Content (A+ — 100/100)

*No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS.*

- **[PASS]** No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS

### Open Graph (A — 90/100)

*Open Graph tags are well configured for social sharing.*

- **[CRITICAL]** og:image is not reachable — The og:image URL could not be fetched. Social platforms won't be able to display it.
- **[INFO]** og:title is long (102 characters) — Titles over 60 characters may be truncated in social sharing previews.

### Structured Data (A+ — 100/100)

*1 JSON-LD block(s) found — structured data is well configured.*

- **[PASS]** Custom type "NewsMediaOrganization" — unable to validate specific properties

---

## Infrastructure

### DNS Records (A+ — 95/100)

*1 A records, 92 ms lookup*

- **[PASS]** Resolves to 1 IPv4 address(es)
- **[INFO]** Single A record — no DNS redundancy — Multiple A records provide failover if one server goes down.
- **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records
- **[PASS]** 4 nameserver(s) configured
- **[PASS]** 5 mail exchanger(s) configured
- **[INFO]** CAA records not checked — CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.
- **[PASS]** SPF record present in TXT
- **[PASS]** DNS resolution time: 92 ms

### Redirect Chain (D — 50/100)

*2 redirect(s), 1681 ms total*

- **[WARNING]** 2 redirects before reaching final URL — Each redirect adds latency. Try to minimize the chain to 1 hop.
- **[INFO]** WWW normalization redirect
- **[WARNING]** Redirect overhead: 1681 ms total

### IPv6 Readiness (C — 60/100)

*No IPv6 support*

- **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records found — IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.

### Crawlability (A+ — 100/100)

*robots.txt present, sitemap with 132 URLs*

- **[PASS]** robots.txt is present
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml is present
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml is valid XML
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml contains 132 entries
- **[PASS]** robots.txt references sitemap

### URL Variants (A+ — 100/100)

*www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS*

- **[PASS]** HTTP correctly 301-redirects to HTTPS

### Domain Intelligence (A — 90/100)

*lemonde.fr — via NAMESHIELD, 20 years, 11 months old, hosted on Fastly*

- **[WARNING]** Domain expires in 64 days — Consider enabling auto-renewal to prevent accidental expiration.
- **[PASS]** Registrar: NAMESHIELD
- **[PASS]** Hosting: Fastly

---

## Compliance

### WCAG Compliance (A+ — 100/100)

*No testable criteria*


### Cookie Consent & Privacy (B — 80/100)

*No consent signals detected*

- **[WARNING]** No privacy policy link detected — A privacy policy page is recommended for transparency and may be legally required.
- **[INFO]** No terms of service link detected
- **[INFO]** No cookie consent banner detected
- **[INFO]** This is an automated check, not legal advice — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators of consent management. This does not constitute a legal compliance assessment. Consult a privacy professional for GDPR/CCPA compliance.

### Language & i18n (A — 90/100)

*Lang attribute present*

- **[PASS]** <html lang> attribute is present
- **[PASS]** <html lang> value is valid
- **[INFO]** No Content-Language HTTP header
- **[INFO]** Language signals are inconsistent — The <html lang> attribute and Content-Language header should agree.

### Readability & Typography (A+ — 100/100)

*Font sizes and tap targets checked*


### Viewport Configuration (A+ — 100/100)

*Viewport properly configured*

- **[PASS]** Viewport meta tag is present
- **[PASS]** width=device-width is set
- **[PASS]** User zooming is allowed

### Third-Party Trackers (D — 40/100)

*5 trackers detected*

- **[INFO]** 5 third-party trackers detected — Found 4 analytics, 1 advertising, 0 marketing, 0 tag manager trackers.
- **[WARNING]** 1 advertising/retargeting trackers detected — Advertising trackers collect user data for ad targeting. Under GDPR, these typically require explicit consent.
- **[WARNING]** Trackers detected but no cookie policy found — This page loads 5 trackers but no cookie policy was detected. GDPR requires disclosure when using tracking cookies.
- **[WARNING]** Trackers detected but no privacy policy found — Most data protection regulations require a privacy policy when collecting user data via trackers.

---

## Legal

### Legal Page Ecosystem (F — 35/100)

*1 of 7 expected legal pages detected*

- **[PASS]** Privacy Policy detected — Found at https://www.lemonde.fr/confidentialite/, linked from footer.
- **[WARNING]** Terms of Service not detected — No link matching common Terms of Service URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Terms of Service, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Cookie Policy not detected — No link matching common Cookie Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Cookie Policy, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Accessibility Statement not detected — No link matching common Accessibility Statement URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Accessibility Statement, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** DMCA / Copyright Notice not detected — No link matching common DMCA / Copyright Notice URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a DMCA / Copyright Notice, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Refund / Returns Policy not detected — No link matching common Refund / Returns Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Refund / Returns Policy, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Acceptable Use Policy not detected — No link matching common Acceptable Use Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Acceptable Use Policy, especially those collecting user data.

### Copyright Notice (C — 55/100)

*No copyright notice detected*

- **[INFO]** No copyright notice detected — No copyright notice detected in the page content. While not legally required in most jurisdictions (copyright exists automatically), a notice is standard practice and signals site ownership.

### Regulatory Indicators

*1 regulatory indicator(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** This is a technical scan, not a legal assessment — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators that may suggest regulatory relevance. This is not a compliance audit and should not be relied upon for legal decisions. Consult qualified legal counsel for compliance assessments.
- **[INFO]** GDPR indicators detected (strong confidence) — Indicators suggesting GDPR may be relevant: European TLD detected: .fr; Privacy policy page found. EU General Data Protection Regulation — governs collection and processing of personal data of EU residents.

### Third-Party Data Sharing

*0 third-party service(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** Data inventory for transparency purposes — This inventory identifies third-party services that receive data from your site visitors. Under regulations like GDPR (Article 30), maintaining records of data processing activities is commonly considered a best practice. This automated scan provides a starting point — it may not capture all data flows.
- **[INFO]** No recognized third-party data-sharing services detected — This page does not appear to load external tracking, analytics, or advertising scripts.

### Compliance Badges (C — 55/100)

*0 compliance badge(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** No compliance badges detected — No recognized compliance certification badges or seals were found. This is common — many sites do not display compliance badges.

---

## Availability

### CDN & Delivery (A — 85/100)

*Fastly (MISS)*

- **[PASS]** Site is served via Fastly CDN
- **[INFO]** CDN cache status: MISS

### HTTP Caching (F — 30/100)

*No cache headers*

- **[WARNING]** No Cache-Control header found — Browsers will use heuristic caching, which can be unpredictable. Set explicit cache headers.

### Transport Security (B — 75/100)

*HTTP/3, HSTS, and TLS version analysis*

- **[INFO]** HTTP/3 (QUIC) not advertised — HTTP/3 eliminates head-of-line blocking. If your CDN supports it, consider enabling it.
- **[WARNING]** Missing Strict-Transport-Security header — HSTS tells browsers to only use HTTPS, preventing SSL stripping attacks.
- **[PASS]** TLS 1.3 in use (fastest handshake, 1-RTT)

---

## Accessibility

### Landmark Structure (B — 75/100)

*8 landmarks*

- **[PASS]** <main> landmark present
- **[PASS]** 2 <nav> landmark(s) found
- **[WARNING]** 1 of 2 <nav> elements are unlabeled — Multiple navigations need aria-label to distinguish them for screen readers.
- **[WARNING]** Skip navigation link is missing (WCAG 2.4.1) — Add a skip link as the first focusable element so keyboard users can bypass repeated navigation.

### Heading Hierarchy (A — 85/100)

*9 headings, 1 skip(s)*

- **[PASS]** Single H1 present
- **[WARNING]** Heading level skipped: H1 → H4 (missing H2) — Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

### Alt Text Quality (C — 67/100)

*1 of 15 images have issues*

- **[CRITICAL]** 1 image(s) missing alt attribute — Images without alt text are invisible to screen readers.
- **[CRITICAL]** 1 image-in-link without alt text — An image inside a link with no alt creates an empty link.
- **[INFO]** 4 image(s) with alt text over 125 characters
- **[PASS]** 4 decorative image(s) correctly marked
- **[PASS]** 6 image(s) with good alt text

### Form Accessibility (A — 92/100)

*1 of 1 controls have issues*

- **[WARNING]** 1 control(s) rely on placeholder only — Placeholder text disappears on focus and is not a reliable label.

### Link & Button Quality (B — 78/100)

*244 links, 25 buttons — all OK*

- **[CRITICAL]** 1 image-only link(s) without alt text
- **[WARNING]** 13 link(s) open in new tab without warning — Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.
- **[PASS]** 230 link(s) with descriptive text

---

## UX

### 404 Error Page (F — 20/100)

*Soft 404 detected*

- **[CRITICAL]** Soft 404: server returns HTTP 200 for non-existent pages — The server returns HTTP 200 for a path that does not exist. Search engines will index these pages, diluting your real content. Configure your server to return a proper 404 status code for missing pages.

### Favicon & Branding (B — 80/100)

*20 icon(s) detected*

- **[PASS]** favicon.ico present at site root
- **[PASS]** HTML icon links detected
- **[PASS]** Apple touch icon present
- **[PASS]** Multiple icon sizes detected

### Web Manifest (A+ — 100/100)

*PWA-ready*

- **[PASS]** Meets PWA install criteria
- **[PASS]** Name present: Le Monde
- **[PASS]** 192x192 icon present
- **[PASS]** 512x512 icon present
- **[PASS]** Display mode: standalone

### Dark Mode Support (D — 45/100)

*Theme color only*

- **[INFO]** Theme-color present but no dark variant — A theme-color is set but no dark-specific variant was found. The browser toolbar may not adapt for dark mode users.
- **[INFO]** No dark mode signals detected — Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.
- **[INFO]** Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles — External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.

### Print Stylesheet (D — 40/100)

*No print styles*

- **[INFO]** No print-specific styles detected — When users print this page, they get the screen layout including navigation and non-essential elements. Add @media print rules to hide navigation and optimize layout for paper.

### Navigation UX (F — 20/100)

*No navigation patterns*

- **[PASS]** 2 navigation landmark(s) detected
- **[PASS]** Hamburger menu detected (responsive design)
- **[INFO]** No breadcrumbs, search, or skip link detected — These navigation aids help users orient themselves and find content efficiently, especially on large sites.

---

## SEO

### Canonical URL (A+ — 95/100)

*Properly configured*

- **[PASS]** Canonical tag present
- **[PASS]** Canonical is self-referencing
- **[PASS]** Canonical matches final URL after redirects
- **[PASS]** Canonical target returns 200
- **[INFO]** Canonical points to a different domain

### Meta Tags (A+ — 95/100)

*Title optimized*

- **[PASS]** Page title is set
- **[PASS]** Title length (55 chars) is optimal
- **[INFO]** Title and H1 have very different wording — Alignment helps users confirm they've reached the right page.

### Content Depth (A — 85/100)

*1634 words, Very Difficult*

- **[PASS]** Page has 1634 words — good depth for search engines
- **[INFO]** Text-to-HTML ratio is 4% — Very low ratio suggests heavy framework overhead or boilerplate.
- **[INFO]** Reading level: Very Difficult (grade 25)

### Internal Links (A+ — 95/100)

*41 internal, 203 external*

- **[PASS]** 41 internal links (17%)
- **[PASS]** 100% of links use descriptive anchor text
- **[INFO]** Page has 244 links — consider reducing
- **[INFO]** 41 internal / 203 external links

### Image SEO (B — 75/100)

*15 images, 1 descriptive filenames*

- **[WARNING]** 93% of images have non-descriptive filenames — Search engines use filenames as a signal. Rename to descriptive names like 'team-photo.jpg'.
- **[INFO]** 1 image(s) missing alt text — see Accessibility tab

### Hreflang

*0 hreflang tags*


---

## Sustainability

### CO2 Per Page Load (A+ — 100/100)

*0.19g CO2 per view*

- **[PASS]** 0.19g CO2 per page view — This page transfers 0.8 MB, producing an estimated 0.19g of CO2 per visit using the Sustainable Web Design model (v4). Breakdown: data center 0.00g, network 0.04g, end-user device 0.15g.
- **[INFO]** At 10,000 monthly views: 22.9 kg CO2/year — With 10,000 page views per month, this page would generate approximately 22.9 kg of CO2 annually — equivalent to charging 2864 smartphones.
- **[PASS]** Green hosting reduces data center emissions

### Green Hosting (A — 85/100)

*Green (cdn)*

- **[PASS]** Fastly CDN uses renewable energy — Since most traffic is served through the CDN, the majority of data transfer energy is renewable.
- **[INFO]** Fastly: 100% renewable energy for edge network
- **[INFO]** Green hosting status based on known provider commitments — Green hosting detection uses a curated database of provider renewable energy commitments. This is not a real-time verification. For authoritative checks, visit thegreenwebfoundation.org.

### Repeat Visit Weight (A+ — 100/100)

*95% cached*

- **[PASS]** 95% reduction on repeat visits — Returning visitors download only 44 KB (vs 826 KB first visit). 62 of 64 resources are served from browser cache, saving 0.18g CO2 per repeat visit.
- **[INFO]** Repeat visit: 0.01g CO2 (first visit: 0.19g)

### Carbon Budget (A+ — 100/100)

*10th percentile*

- **[PASS]** 0.19g CO2 — below the sustainability target of 0.50g — Cleaner than an estimated 90% of websites analyzed. This page meets the Web Sustainability Guidelines target.
- **[INFO]** Estimated 10th percentile — Compared to: top 10% = 0.20g, target = 0.50g, median = 0.60g per page view.

### Transfer Efficiency (A+ — 100/100)

*97% efficient*

- **[PASS]** Transfer efficiency: 97% — Only 22 KB of potential savings identified. Your page is well-optimized for size.

---

---

*Generated by [BeaverCheck](https://beavercheck.com) — https://beavercheck.com/results/10d91965-4b44-4c98-8566-5369a44d5855*