# BeaverCheck Audit Report — https://lboro.ac.uk
**Date:** April 22, 2026
**URL:** https://lboro.ac.uk
**Overall Grade:** C (76/100)
**Report:** https://beavercheck.com/results/1f0959d4-ad88-4c05-86dc-a21cf468bd64
## Top Findings
1. **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — Security > Security Headers
2. **[CRITICAL]** Cookie 'AWSALB' is missing the Secure flag — Security > Cookie Security
3. **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — Security > Content Security Policy
4. **[WARNING]** 55 third-party resources (100% of weight) — Performance > Page Weight Inventory
5. **[WARNING]** Cookie 'AWSALB' has no SameSite attribute — Security > Cookie Security
---
## Lighthouse Scores
| Category | Score |
|----------|-------|
| Performance | 48 |
| Accessibility | 100 |
| Best Practices | 92 |
| SEO | 100 |
---
## Security
### Security Headers (F — 30/100)
*3 of 10 headers properly configured*
- **[WARNING]** HSTS max-age is too short (15552000s, should be ≥ 31536000s) — A short max-age leaves a window for downgrade attacks. Set max-age to at least 31536000 (1 year).
- **[PASS]** X-Content-Type-Options is properly configured
- **[WARNING]** X-Frame-Options has unexpected value
- **[WARNING]** Referrer-Policy header is missing — Controls how much referrer information is sent with requests. Set to 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin' or stricter.
- **[WARNING]** Permissions-Policy header is missing — Controls which browser features (camera, microphone, geolocation) are allowed. Set it to restrict unused features.
- **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — CSP is the most important header for preventing XSS attacks. See the CSP section for detailed analysis.
- **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header is missing — COOP isolates your browsing context, preventing cross-origin side-channel attacks. Set to 'same-origin'.
- **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy header is missing — COEP prevents loading cross-origin resources without explicit permission. Required for SharedArrayBuffer and high-resolution timers.
- **[PASS]** X-Powered-By header is not present
- **[PASS]** Server header is present without version info
### Content Security Policy (F — 0/100)
*No enforcing CSP policy found*
- **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — CSP is the most effective defense against XSS attacks. Add a Content-Security-Policy header to restrict resource loading.
### TLS & Certificates (A+ — 100/100)
*TLS 1.3, 7 checks passed*
- **[PASS]** TLS 1.3 is used
- **[PASS]** Strong cipher suite is used
- **[INFO]** HTTP/2 is not negotiated — HTTP/2 provides multiplexing and header compression for better performance.
- **[PASS]** Certificate is valid (expires in 115 days)
- **[PASS]** Certificate chain has 3 certificates
- **[PASS]** Certificate uses modern signature algorithm
- **[PASS]** Certificate covers 2 domain(s)
- **[PASS]** Certificate is issued by a trusted CA
### Cookie Security (B — 70/100)
*2 cookies analyzed, 2 checks passed*
- **[CRITICAL]** Cookie 'AWSALB' is missing the Secure flag — Without the Secure flag, this cookie can be sent over unencrypted HTTP, exposing it to interception.
- **[WARNING]** Cookie 'AWSALB' is missing the HttpOnly flag — Without HttpOnly, this cookie can be accessed by JavaScript, making it vulnerable to XSS-based theft.
- **[WARNING]** Cookie 'AWSALB' has no SameSite attribute — Without an explicit SameSite attribute, browser default behavior varies. Set SameSite=Lax or Strict.
- **[PASS]** Cookie 'AWSALBCORS' has the Secure flag
- **[WARNING]** Cookie 'AWSALBCORS' is missing the HttpOnly flag — Without HttpOnly, this cookie can be accessed by JavaScript, making it vulnerable to XSS-based theft.
- **[PASS]** Cookie 'AWSALBCORS' has SameSite=None
---
## Advanced Security
### Subresource Integrity (F — 20/100)
*0 of 11 external resources have SRI*
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External link from www.lboro.ac.uk lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External link from www.lboro.ac.uk lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External link from customer.cludo.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from code.jquery.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.lboro.ac.uk lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.lboro.ac.uk lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from customer.cludo.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from customer.cludo.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from cc.cdn.civiccomputing.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from analytics.silktide.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
### JS Library Vulnerabilities (A+ — 100/100)
*No known vulnerabilities*
- **[PASS]** No known JavaScript library vulnerabilities detected
### Information Leakage (A+ — 100/100)
*No exposures*
- **[INFO]** No security.txt found — Consider adding a security.txt at /.well-known/security.txt.
- **[PASS]** No sensitive files exposed
### Email Security (D — 50/100)
*DMARC: none*
- **[WARNING]** DMARC policy is none — monitoring only — This only monitors, it doesn't block spoofed emails. Change to p=quarantine or p=reject.
### Permissions-Policy (D — 40/100)
*No header set*
- **[WARNING]** No Permissions-Policy header — Consider adding a Permissions-Policy header to restrict browser feature access from embedded content.
### CORS Configuration (B — 80/100)
*No CORS headers*
- **[PASS]** No CORS headers present — secure default
---
## Performance
### Page Weight Budget (F — 24/100)
*3.1 MB transferred, 56 requests*
- **[WARNING]** Page weighs 5.0 MB (3.1 MB transferred)
- **[WARNING]** Images are 2.4 MB — compress or use modern formats — Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.
- **[WARNING]** JavaScript is 576 KB — consider code splitting or lazy loading — Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
- **[INFO]** 56 HTTP requests
- **[INFO]** Estimated 0.65 g CO2 per page load
### Third-Party Impact (D — 50/100)
*100% third-party, 0 ms blocking*
- **[WARNING]** Third-party code accounts for 100% of page weight (3.1 MiB of 3.1 MiB)
- **[PASS]** Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
### Text Compression (A+ — 100/100)
*All text resources are compressed*
- **[PASS]** All text resources are compressed
### Image Optimization (B — 75/100)
*32 images, 0 KB saveable*
- **[PASS]** All images are well-optimized
### JS Execution Cost (D — 40/100)
*3318ms total JS execution*
- **[WARNING]** https://www.lboro.ac.uk/: 954ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.min.js: 682ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-KW3...: 562ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** Unattributable: 379ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://cc.cdn.civiccomputing.com/9/cookieControl-...: 323ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** Third-party scripts: 3318ms (100% of total)
### Font Loading (A+ — 100/100)
*3 fonts (76 KB)*
- **[INFO]** 3 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)
### JS Bundles (C — 60/100)
*8 scripts, 269 KB unused*
- **[WARNING]** https://customer.cludo.com/templates/3309/14555/di...: 79 KB unused (72%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-KW3...: 75 KB unused (42%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://cc.cdn.civiccomputing.com/9/cookieControl-...: 56 KB unused (45%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.lboro.ac.uk/web-assets/prod/fountain/d...: 35 KB unused (69%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://customer.cludo.com/scripts/bundles/search-...: 25 KB unused (50%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[INFO]** Total unused JavaScript: 269 KB
### Resource Caching (A+ — 100/100)
*All resources properly cached*
- **[PASS]** No caching issues found
### Critical Rendering Path (A+ — 100/100)
*No render-blocking resources*
- **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected
### Resource Hints (A+ — 100/100)
*1 hints, 0 missing preconnects*
- **[PASS]** Page uses 1 resource hint(s)
### Page Weight Inventory (D — 40/100)
*56 resources · 3.1 MB · 269 KB savings available*
- **[WARNING]** Page weight 2.1 MB over 1MB target
- **[INFO]** ~269 KB of savings available
- **[WARNING]** 55 third-party resources (100% of weight)
- **[INFO]** 2 resources over 200KB
### Render-Blocking Resources (A+ — 100/100)
*No render-blocking resources detected*
- **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected in
### Third-Party Resources (A+ — 100/100)
*No third-party resources detected*
---
## Content Quality
### Links (B — 88/100)
*99 links checked, 96 healthy, 2 broken*
- **[WARNING]** 96 of 99 links are healthy
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://www.lboro.ac.uk/.well-known/openorg/profile.ttl — Found in . Returns HTTP 404.
- **[INFO]** Long redirect chain: https://www.lboro.ac.uk/library/ (3 hops)
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.linkedin.com/school/loughborough-university/ — Found in . Returns HTTP 999.
### Mixed Content (A+ — 100/100)
*No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS.*
- **[PASS]** No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS
### Open Graph (A — 95/100)
*Open Graph tags are well configured for social sharing.*
- **[INFO]** og:title is short (23 characters) — Ideal length is 25–60 characters for social sharing previews.
- **[INFO]** og:description is short (20 characters) — Ideal length is 55–200 characters for social sharing previews.
- **[INFO]** Missing og:site_name — The og:site_name tag displays the website name in social previews.
### Structured Data (A+ — 100/100)
*1 JSON-LD block(s) found — structured data is well configured.*
- **[PASS]** Custom type "CollegeOrUniversity" — unable to validate specific properties
---
## Infrastructure
### DNS Records (A — 90/100)
*2 A records, 581 ms lookup*
- **[PASS]** Resolves to 2 IPv4 address(es)
- **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records
- **[PASS]** 4 nameserver(s) configured
- **[PASS]** 1 mail exchanger(s) configured
- **[INFO]** CAA records not checked — CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.
- **[PASS]** SPF record present in TXT
- **[WARNING]** DNS resolution is slow (581 ms) — Slow DNS adds latency to every page load. Consider a faster DNS provider.
### Redirect Chain (A — 90/100)
*1 redirect(s), 906 ms total*
- **[PASS]** Single redirect
- **[INFO]** WWW normalization redirect
- **[INFO]** Redirect overhead: 906 ms total
### IPv6 Readiness (C — 60/100)
*No IPv6 support*
- **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records found — IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.
### Crawlability (B — 75/100)
*robots.txt present, sitemap with 28041 URLs*
- **[PASS]** robots.txt is present
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml is present
- **[WARNING]** sitemap.xml contains invalid XML — Search engines may not be able to parse the sitemap. Fix XML validation errors.
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml contains 28041 entries
- **[INFO]** robots.txt does not reference a sitemap — Add a 'Sitemap:' directive to robots.txt so search engines can discover your sitemap.
### URL Variants (B — 75/100)
*www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS*
- **[CRITICAL]** Both www and non-www versions serve content
- **[PASS]** HTTP correctly 301-redirects to HTTPS
### Domain Intelligence (A+ — 100/100)
*lboro.ac.uk — via No registrar listed. This domain is directly registered with Nominet., hosted on AWS*
- **[PASS]** Registrar: No registrar listed. This domain is directly registered with Nominet.
- **[WARNING]** Registrar lock is NOT enabled — The domain can be transferred without an unlock step. Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) in your registrar's control panel to protect against unauthorized or accidental transfers.
- **[PASS]** Hosting: AWS
---
## Compliance
### WCAG Compliance (A+ — 100/100)
*No testable criteria*
### Cookie Consent & Privacy (A+ — 95/100)
*privacy policy found*
- **[PASS]** Privacy policy link found
- **[INFO]** No terms of service link detected
- **[INFO]** No cookie consent banner detected
- **[PASS]** 2 cookie(s) set on initial load (functional)
- **[INFO]** This is an automated check, not legal advice — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators of consent management. This does not constitute a legal compliance assessment. Consult a privacy professional for GDPR/CCPA compliance.
### Language & i18n (A — 90/100)
*Lang attribute present*
- **[PASS]** attribute is present
- **[PASS]** value is valid
- **[INFO]** No Content-Language HTTP header
- **[INFO]** Language signals are inconsistent — The attribute and Content-Language header should agree.
### Readability & Typography (A+ — 100/100)
*Font sizes and tap targets checked*
### Viewport Configuration (A+ — 100/100)
*Viewport properly configured*
- **[PASS]** Viewport meta tag is present
- **[PASS]** width=device-width is set
- **[PASS]** User zooming is allowed
### Third-Party Trackers (A+ — 95/100)
*2 trackers detected*
- **[INFO]** 2 third-party trackers detected — Found 1 analytics, 0 advertising, 0 marketing, 1 tag manager trackers.
### Cookie & Tracker Inventory (A+ — 100/100)
*2 cookies · 2 trackers · 0 pre-consent*
- **[INFO]** 2 third-party tracker(s) detected on page
---
## Legal
### Legal Page Ecosystem (D — 40/100)
*2 of 7 expected legal pages detected*
- **[PASS]** Privacy Policy detected — Found at https://www.lboro.ac.uk/privacy/.
- **[WARNING]** Terms of Service not detected — No link matching common Terms of Service URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Terms of Service, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Cookie Policy not detected — No link matching common Cookie Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Cookie Policy, especially those collecting user data.
- **[PASS]** Accessibility Statement detected — Found at https://www.lboro.ac.uk/accessibility/.
- **[INFO]** DMCA / Copyright Notice not detected — No link matching common DMCA / Copyright Notice URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a DMCA / Copyright Notice, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Refund / Returns Policy not detected — No link matching common Refund / Returns Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Refund / Returns Policy, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Acceptable Use Policy not detected — No link matching common Acceptable Use Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Acceptable Use Policy, especially those collecting user data.
### Copyright Notice (A+ — 100/100)
*© 2026 Loughborough University*
- **[PASS]** Copyright notice is up to date — Copyright notice is up to date: © 2026 Loughborough University
- **[PASS]** Copyright holder: Loughborough University
### Regulatory Indicators
*2 regulatory indicator(s) detected*
- **[INFO]** This is a technical scan, not a legal assessment — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators that may suggest regulatory relevance. This is not a compliance audit and should not be relied upon for legal decisions. Consult qualified legal counsel for compliance assessments.
- **[INFO]** GDPR indicators detected (moderate confidence) — Indicators suggesting GDPR may be relevant: Privacy policy page found. EU General Data Protection Regulation — governs collection and processing of personal data of EU residents.
- **[INFO]** ADA indicators detected (moderate confidence) — Indicators suggesting ADA may be relevant: Accessibility statement page found. Americans with Disabilities Act / Section 508 — requires digital accessibility for people with disabilities.
### Third-Party Data Sharing
*1 third-party service(s) detected*
- **[INFO]** Data inventory for transparency purposes — This inventory identifies third-party services that receive data from your site visitors. Under regulations like GDPR (Article 30), maintaining records of data processing activities is commonly considered a best practice. This automated scan provides a starting point — it may not capture all data flows.
- **[INFO]** 1 third-party services across 1 categories — 1 third-party services detected across 1 categories: Tag Management (1). Each of these services receives some user data from your site visitors.
- **[INFO]** Google Tag Manager (Tag Management) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Orchestrates other tracking scripts, Page views. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available.
### Compliance Badges (C — 55/100)
*0 compliance badge(s) detected*
- **[INFO]** No compliance badges detected — No recognized compliance certification badges or seals were found. This is common — many sites do not display compliance badges.
---
## Availability
### CDN & Delivery (D — 50/100)
*No CDN detected*
- **[WARNING]** No CDN detected — A CDN can significantly improve load times for users around the world by caching content at edge nodes closer to them.
### HTTP Caching (A — 90/100)
*max-age=86400 (1 day)*
- **[PASS]** Cache-Control header is set
- **[PASS]** Effective TTL: 1 day (max-age=86400)
- **[INFO]** No ETag or Last-Modified header — Conditional requests (304 Not Modified) are not possible without validators.
### Transport Security (B — 75/100)
*HTTP/3, HSTS, and TLS version analysis*
- **[INFO]** HTTP/3 (QUIC) not advertised — HTTP/3 eliminates head-of-line blocking. If your CDN supports it, consider enabling it.
- **[WARNING]** HSTS max-age is short: 180 days — HSTS max-age should be at least 1 year (31536000 seconds).
- **[INFO]** HSTS missing includeSubDomains — Without includeSubDomains, HSTS only protects the exact domain.
- **[PASS]** TLS 1.3 in use (fastest handshake, 1-RTT)
---
## Accessibility
### Landmark Structure (A+ — 100/100)
*11 landmarks*
- **[PASS]** landmark present
- **[PASS]** 6