# BeaverCheck Audit Report — https://cornell.edu **Date:** April 16, 2026 **URL:** https://cornell.edu **Overall Grade:** C (73/100) **Report:** https://beavercheck.com/results/255b3fa7-a08e-4010-9abd-be6002d71a27 ## Top Findings 1. **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — Security > Security Headers 2. **[CRITICAL]** HSTS header is missing — Security > Security Headers 3. **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — Security > Content Security Policy 4. **[CRITICAL]** Page weighs 12.8 MB (11.9 MB transferred) — Performance > Page Weight Budget 5. **[WARNING]** 74 third-party resources (100% of weight) — Performance > Page Weight Inventory --- ## Lighthouse Scores | Category | Score | |----------|-------| | Performance | 62 | | Accessibility | 92 | | Best Practices | 73 | | SEO | 92 | --- ## Security ### Security Headers (F — 10/100) *2 of 10 headers properly configured* - **[CRITICAL]** HSTS header is missing — Strict-Transport-Security forces browsers to use HTTPS, preventing downgrade attacks. Add the header with a max-age of at least 1 year. - **[WARNING]** X-Content-Type-Options header is missing — This header prevents MIME-type sniffing, which can lead to XSS attacks. Set it to 'nosniff'. - **[WARNING]** X-Frame-Options header is missing — This header prevents clickjacking by controlling who can embed your page in a frame. Set it to DENY or SAMEORIGIN. - **[WARNING]** Referrer-Policy header is missing — Controls how much referrer information is sent with requests. Set to 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin' or stricter. - **[WARNING]** Permissions-Policy header is missing — Controls which browser features (camera, microphone, geolocation) are allowed. Set it to restrict unused features. - **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — CSP is the most important header for preventing XSS attacks. See the CSP section for detailed analysis. - **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header is missing — COOP isolates your browsing context, preventing cross-origin side-channel attacks. Set to 'same-origin'. - **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy header is missing — COEP prevents loading cross-origin resources without explicit permission. Required for SharedArrayBuffer and high-resolution timers. - **[PASS]** X-Powered-By header is not present - **[PASS]** Server header is not present ### Content Security Policy (F — 0/100) *No enforcing CSP policy found* - **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — CSP is the most effective defense against XSS attacks. Add a Content-Security-Policy header to restrict resource loading. ### TLS & Certificates (A+ — 100/100) *TLS 1.2, 7 checks passed* - **[PASS]** TLS 1.2 is used - **[INFO]** TLS 1.3 is not negotiated — TLS 1.3 offers improved performance and security. Consider enabling it. - **[PASS]** Strong cipher suite is used - **[INFO]** HTTP/2 is not negotiated — HTTP/2 provides multiplexing and header compression for better performance. - **[PASS]** Certificate is valid (expires in 77 days) - **[PASS]** Certificate chain has 4 certificates - **[PASS]** Certificate uses modern signature algorithm - **[PASS]** Certificate covers 1 domain(s) - **[PASS]** Certificate is issued by a trusted CA ### Cookie Security (A+ — 100/100) *No cookies set — no cookie security risks* - **[PASS]** No cookies set — no cookie security risks --- ## Advanced Security ### Subresource Integrity (F — 20/100) *0 of 19 external resources have SRI* - **[WARNING]** External script from siteimproveanalytics.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from ssl.google-analytics.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from use.typekit.net lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External link from www.cornell.edu lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External link from www.cornell.edu lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External link from www.cornell.edu lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.cornell.edu lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from cdnjs.cloudflare.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from ajax.googleapis.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.cornell.edu lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.cornell.edu lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.cornell.edu lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.cornell.edu lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.cornell.edu lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.cornell.edu lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.cornell.edu lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.cornell.edu lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. ### JS Library Vulnerabilities (A+ — 100/100) *No known vulnerabilities* - **[PASS]** No known JavaScript library vulnerabilities detected ### Information Leakage (A+ — 100/100) *No exposures* - **[INFO]** No security.txt found — Consider adding a security.txt at /.well-known/security.txt. - **[PASS]** No sensitive files exposed ### Email Security (A+ — 100/100) *DMARC: reject* - **[PASS]** DMARC policy is reject — strongest protection ### Permissions-Policy (D — 40/100) *No header set* - **[WARNING]** No Permissions-Policy header — Consider adding a Permissions-Policy header to restrict browser feature access from embedded content. ### CORS Configuration (B — 80/100) *No CORS headers* - **[PASS]** No CORS headers present — secure default --- ## Performance ### Page Weight Budget (F — 0/100) *11.9 MB transferred, 75 requests* - **[CRITICAL]** Page weighs 12.8 MB (11.9 MB transferred) - **[WARNING]** Images are 2.5 MB — compress or use modern formats — Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size. - **[WARNING]** JavaScript is 563 KB — consider code splitting or lazy loading — Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts. - **[INFO]** 75 HTTP requests - **[INFO]** Estimated 2.5 g CO2 per page load ### Third-Party Impact (D — 50/100) *100% third-party, 0 ms blocking* - **[WARNING]** Third-party code accounts for 100% of page weight (11.9 MiB of 11.9 MiB) - **[PASS]** Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms) ### Text Compression (A+ — 100/100) *All text resources are compressed* - **[PASS]** All text resources are compressed ### Image Optimization (C — 60/100) *34 images, 0 KB saveable* - **[WARNING]** https://media.univcomm.cornell.edu/photos/360x360/... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://media.univcomm.cornell.edu/photos/360x360/... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://media.univcomm.cornell.edu/photos/360x360/... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhEAAJAIAAAP///wAAACH5... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://media.univcomm.cornell.edu/photos/400x225/... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://media.univcomm.cornell.edu/photos/360x360/... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://media.univcomm.cornell.edu/photos/campaign... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://www.cornell.edu/assets/images/campaign/ezr... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://media.univcomm.cornell.edu/photos/400x225/... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://media.univcomm.cornell.edu/photos/400x225/... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. ### JS Execution Cost (D — 40/100) *2358ms total JS execution* - **[WARNING]** https://www.cornell.edu/: 954ms CPU time - **[WARNING]** Unattributable: 615ms CPU time - **[INFO]** https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10....: 249ms CPU time - **[INFO]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-PMZ1...: 216ms CPU time - **[INFO]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WW8...: 164ms CPU time - **[WARNING]** Third-party scripts: 2358ms (100% of total) ### Font Loading (A+ — 100/100) *12 fonts (189 KB)* - **[INFO]** 12 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional) ### JS Bundles (D — 50/100) *18 scripts, 242 KB unused* - **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-PMZ1...: 110 KB unused (71%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code. - **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-PMZ1...: 67 KB unused (43%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code. - **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WW8...: 64 KB unused (50%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code. - **[WARNING]** https://www.cornell.edu/assets/core/js/cornell.js?...: unminified — 3 KB could be saved - **[INFO]** Total unused JavaScript: 242 KB ### Resource Caching (A+ — 100/100) *All resources properly cached* - **[PASS]** No caching issues found ### Critical Rendering Path (A+ — 100/100) *No render-blocking resources* - **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected ### Resource Hints (A+ — 100/100) *No optimization needed* - **[PASS]** No resource hint issues ### Page Weight Inventory (D — 40/100) *75 resources · 11.9 MB · 242 KB savings available* - **[WARNING]** Page weight 10.9 MB over 1MB target - **[INFO]** ~242 KB of savings available - **[WARNING]** 74 third-party resources (100% of weight) - **[INFO]** 3 resources over 200KB ### Render-Blocking Resources (A+ — 100/100) *No render-blocking resources detected* - **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected in ### Third-Party Resources (A+ — 100/100) *No third-party resources detected* --- ## Content Quality ### Links (A — 91/100) *171 links checked, 168 healthy, 1 broken* - **[WARNING]** 168 of 171 links are healthy - **[INFO]** Long redirect chain: http://www.gradschool.cornell.edu/admissions (3 hops) - **[INFO]** Long redirect chain: https://cornell.edu/academics/calendar/ (3 hops) - **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.linkedin.com/school/cornell-university/ — Found in . Returns HTTP 999. ### Mixed Content (A+ — 100/100) *No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS.* - **[PASS]** No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS ### Open Graph (F — 0/100) *No Open Graph tags found — social sharing previews will be generic.* - **[WARNING]** No Open Graph meta tags found — Without og:title, og:description, and og:image, social media platforms will generate a generic preview when your page is shared. ### Structured Data (C — 40/100) *No structured data (JSON-LD) found.* - **[INFO]** No structured data (JSON-LD) found — Adding structured data helps search engines understand your content and can enable rich results. --- ## Infrastructure ### DNS Records (A+ — 100/100) *6 A records, 112 ms lookup* - **[PASS]** Resolves to 6 IPv4 address(es) - **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records - **[PASS]** 5 nameserver(s) configured - **[PASS]** 1 mail exchanger(s) configured - **[INFO]** CAA records not checked — CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update. - **[PASS]** SPF record present in TXT - **[PASS]** DNS resolution time: 112 ms ### Redirect Chain (A — 90/100) *1 redirect(s), 698 ms total* - **[PASS]** Single redirect - **[INFO]** WWW normalization redirect - **[INFO]** Redirect overhead: 698 ms total ### IPv6 Readiness (C — 60/100) *No IPv6 support* - **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records found — IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity. ### Crawlability (A+ — 95/100) *robots.txt present, sitemap with 16 URLs* - **[PASS]** robots.txt is present - **[PASS]** sitemap.xml is present - **[PASS]** sitemap.xml is valid XML - **[PASS]** sitemap.xml contains 16 entries - **[INFO]** robots.txt does not reference a sitemap — Add a 'Sitemap:' directive to robots.txt so search engines can discover your sitemap. ### URL Variants (B — 75/100) *www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS* - **[CRITICAL]** Both www and non-www versions serve content - **[PASS]** HTTP correctly 301-redirects to HTTPS ### Domain Intelligence (A+ — 100/100) *cornell.edu — 41 years, 4 months old, hosted on CORNELL - Cornell University, US* - **[PASS]** Domain registered until Jul 31, 2028 (2 years, 3 months remaining) - **[PASS]** Hosting: CORNELL - Cornell University, US --- ## Compliance ### WCAG Compliance (A+ — 100/100) *No testable criteria* ### Cookie Consent & Privacy (B — 80/100) *No consent signals detected* - **[WARNING]** No privacy policy link detected — A privacy policy page is recommended for transparency and may be legally required. - **[INFO]** No terms of service link detected - **[INFO]** No cookie consent banner detected - **[INFO]** This is an automated check, not legal advice — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators of consent management. This does not constitute a legal compliance assessment. Consult a privacy professional for GDPR/CCPA compliance. ### Language & i18n (A — 90/100) *Lang attribute present* - **[PASS]** attribute is present - **[PASS]** value is valid - **[INFO]** No Content-Language HTTP header - **[INFO]** Language signals are inconsistent — The attribute and Content-Language header should agree. ### Readability & Typography (A+ — 100/100) *Font sizes and tap targets checked* ### Viewport Configuration (A+ — 100/100) *Viewport properly configured* - **[PASS]** Viewport meta tag is present - **[PASS]** width=device-width is set - **[PASS]** User zooming is allowed ### Third-Party Trackers (C — 55/100) *6 trackers detected* - **[INFO]** 6 third-party trackers detected — Found 5 analytics, 0 advertising, 0 marketing, 1 tag manager trackers. - **[WARNING]** Trackers detected but no cookie policy found — This page loads 6 trackers but no cookie policy was detected. GDPR requires disclosure when using tracking cookies. - **[WARNING]** Trackers detected but no privacy policy found — Most data protection regulations require a privacy policy when collecting user data via trackers. ### Cookie & Tracker Inventory (A+ — 100/100) *0 cookies · 6 trackers · 0 pre-consent* - **[INFO]** 6 third-party tracker(s) detected on page --- ## Legal ### Legal Page Ecosystem (F — 20/100) *2 of 7 expected legal pages detected* - **[WARNING]** Privacy Policy not detected — No link matching common Privacy Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Privacy Policy, especially those collecting user data. - **[WARNING]** Terms of Service not detected — No link matching common Terms of Service URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Terms of Service, especially those collecting user data. - **[INFO]** Cookie Policy not detected — No link matching common Cookie Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Cookie Policy, especially those collecting user data. - **[PASS]** Accessibility Statement detected — Found at //www.cornell.edu/accessibility-assistance.cfm, linked from footer. - **[PASS]** DMCA / Copyright Notice detected — Found at //www.cornell.edu/copyright.cfm, linked from footer. - **[INFO]** Refund / Returns Policy not detected — No link matching common Refund / Returns Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Refund / Returns Policy, especially those collecting user data. - **[INFO]** Acceptable Use Policy not detected — No link matching common Acceptable Use Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Acceptable Use Policy, especially those collecting user data. ### Copyright Notice (C — 55/100) *No copyright notice detected* - **[INFO]** No copyright notice detected — No copyright notice detected in the page content. While not legally required in most jurisdictions (copyright exists automatically), a notice is standard practice and signals site ownership. ### Regulatory Indicators *2 regulatory indicator(s) detected* - **[INFO]** This is a technical scan, not a legal assessment — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators that may suggest regulatory relevance. This is not a compliance audit and should not be relied upon for legal decisions. Consult qualified legal counsel for compliance assessments. - **[INFO]** GDPR indicators detected (moderate confidence) — Indicators suggesting GDPR may be relevant: Privacy policy page found. EU General Data Protection Regulation — governs collection and processing of personal data of EU residents. - **[INFO]** ADA indicators detected (moderate confidence) — Indicators suggesting ADA may be relevant: Accessibility statement page found. Americans with Disabilities Act / Section 508 — requires digital accessibility for people with disabilities. ### Third-Party Data Sharing *3 third-party service(s) detected* - **[INFO]** Data inventory for transparency purposes — This inventory identifies third-party services that receive data from your site visitors. Under regulations like GDPR (Article 30), maintaining records of data processing activities is commonly considered a best practice. This automated scan provides a starting point — it may not capture all data flows. - **[INFO]** 3 third-party services across 3 categories — 3 third-party services detected across 3 categories: Analytics (1), Tag Management (1), CDN (1). Each of these services receives some user data from your site visitors. - **[INFO]** Google Analytics (Analytics) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Page views, User behavior, Demographics, Device info, IP address. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available. - **[INFO]** Google Tag Manager (Tag Management) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Orchestrates other tracking scripts, Page views. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available. - **[INFO]** Cloudflare (CDN) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: IP address (transient), Request metadata. Privacy policy: https://www.cloudflare.com/privacypolicy/. Data Processing Agreement available. ### Compliance Badges (C — 55/100) *0 compliance badge(s) detected* - **[INFO]** No compliance badges detected — No recognized compliance certification badges or seals were found. This is common — many sites do not display compliance badges. --- ## Availability ### CDN & Delivery (D — 50/100) *No CDN detected* - **[WARNING]** No CDN detected — A CDN can significantly improve load times for users around the world by caching content at edge nodes closer to them. ### HTTP Caching (F — 30/100) *No cache headers* - **[WARNING]** No Cache-Control header found — Browsers will use heuristic caching, which can be unpredictable. Set explicit cache headers. ### Transport Security (B — 75/100) *HTTP/3, HSTS, and TLS version analysis* - **[INFO]** HTTP/3 (QUIC) not advertised — HTTP/3 eliminates head-of-line blocking. If your CDN supports it, consider enabling it. - **[WARNING]** Missing Strict-Transport-Security header — HSTS tells browsers to only use HTTPS, preventing SSL stripping attacks. --- ## Accessibility ### Landmark Structure (A+ — 100/100) *9 landmarks* - **[PASS]**
landmark present - **[PASS]** 5