# BeaverCheck Audit Report — https://hku.hk **Date:** April 21, 2026 **URL:** https://hku.hk **Overall Grade:** C (75/100) **Report:** https://beavercheck.com/results/45fad812-23a1-458b-ab35-8f2c92b3a997 ## Top Findings 1. **[CRITICAL]** Page weighs 41.3 MB (40.6 MB transferred) — Performance > Page Weight Budget 2. **[CRITICAL]** 6 image-only link(s) without alt text — Accessibility > Link & Button Quality 3. **[WARNING]** 114 HTTP requests — consider bundling or reducing — Performance > Page Weight Budget 4. **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy header is missing — Security > Security Headers 5. **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header is missing — Security > Security Headers --- ## Lighthouse Scores | Category | Score | |----------|-------| | Performance | 22 | | Accessibility | 77 | | Best Practices | 100 | | SEO | 100 | --- ## Security ### Security Headers (C — 60/100) *5 of 10 headers properly configured* - **[WARNING]** HSTS is missing includeSubDomains — Without includeSubDomains, subdomains can still be accessed over HTTP. - **[PASS]** X-Content-Type-Options is properly configured - **[WARNING]** X-Frame-Options has unexpected value - **[PASS]** Referrer-Policy is properly configured - **[WARNING]** Permissions-Policy header is missing — Controls which browser features (camera, microphone, geolocation) are allowed. Set it to restrict unused features. - **[PASS]** Content-Security-Policy is present - **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header is missing — COOP isolates your browsing context, preventing cross-origin side-channel attacks. Set to 'same-origin'. - **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy header is missing — COEP prevents loading cross-origin resources without explicit permission. Required for SharedArrayBuffer and high-resolution timers. - **[PASS]** X-Powered-By header is not present - **[PASS]** Server header is present without version info ### Content Security Policy (C — 60/100) *1 of 10 CSP checks passed* - **[INFO]** Raw CSP policy - **[WARNING]** default-src directive is missing — default-src provides a fallback for other directives. Set it to restrict default resource loading. - **[INFO]** No script-src or default-src to check for 'unsafe-inline' - **[INFO]** No script-src or default-src to check for 'unsafe-eval' - **[INFO]** No script-src or default-src to check for wildcard - **[PASS]** object-src falls back to default-src - **[WARNING]** base-uri directive is missing — Without base-uri, attackers can inject a tag to hijack relative URLs. Set it to 'self' or 'none'. - **[WARNING]** frame-ancestors directive is missing — frame-ancestors controls who can embed your page, preventing clickjacking. Set it to 'self' or 'none'. - **[WARNING]** form-action directive is missing — form-action restricts where forms can submit data, preventing form hijacking. - **[INFO]** upgrade-insecure-requests is not set — This directive upgrades HTTP resources to HTTPS automatically, preventing mixed content. ### TLS & Certificates (A+ — 100/100) *TLS 1.2, 7 checks passed* - **[PASS]** TLS 1.2 is used - **[INFO]** TLS 1.3 is not negotiated — TLS 1.3 offers improved performance and security. Consider enabling it. - **[PASS]** Strong cipher suite is used - **[INFO]** HTTP/2 is not negotiated — HTTP/2 provides multiplexing and header compression for better performance. - **[PASS]** Certificate is valid (expires in 189 days) - **[PASS]** Certificate chain has 2 certificates - **[PASS]** Certificate uses modern signature algorithm - **[PASS]** Certificate covers 2 domain(s) - **[PASS]** Certificate is issued by a trusted CA ### Cookie Security (A+ — 100/100) *No cookies set — no cookie security risks* - **[PASS]** No cookies set — no cookie security risks --- ## Advanced Security ### Subresource Integrity (F — 20/100) *0 of 4 external resources have SRI* - **[WARNING]** External script from static.hotjar.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from ssl.google-analytics.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. ### JS Library Vulnerabilities (A+ — 100/100) *No known vulnerabilities* - **[PASS]** No known JavaScript library vulnerabilities detected ### Information Leakage (A+ — 100/100) *No exposures* - **[INFO]** No security.txt found — Consider adding a security.txt at /.well-known/security.txt. - **[PASS]** No sensitive files exposed ### Email Security (D — 50/100) *DMARC: none* - **[WARNING]** DMARC policy is none — monitoring only — This only monitors, it doesn't block spoofed emails. Change to p=quarantine or p=reject. ### Permissions-Policy (D — 40/100) *No header set* - **[WARNING]** No Permissions-Policy header — Consider adding a Permissions-Policy header to restrict browser feature access from embedded content. ### CORS Configuration (B — 80/100) *No CORS headers* - **[PASS]** No CORS headers present — secure default --- ## Performance ### Page Weight Budget (F — 0/100) *40.6 MB transferred, 114 requests* - **[CRITICAL]** Page weighs 41.3 MB (40.6 MB transferred) - **[WARNING]** Images are 39.1 MB — compress or use modern formats — Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size. - **[WARNING]** JavaScript is 904 KB — consider code splitting or lazy loading — Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts. - **[INFO]** CSS is 322 KB — consider purging unused styles — Remove unused CSS rules with tools like PurgeCSS to reduce stylesheet size. - **[INFO]** Fonts are 220 KB — consider subsetting or using system fonts — Subset fonts to include only used characters, or switch to system font stacks. - **[WARNING]** 114 HTTP requests — consider bundling or reducing — Each request adds latency. Bundle small files, use sprites, or eliminate unnecessary requests. - **[INFO]** Estimated 8.5 g CO2 per page load ### Third-Party Impact (A+ — 100/100) *1% third-party, 0 ms blocking* - **[INFO]** Third-party code accounts for 1% of page weight (374.8 KiB of 40.6 MiB) - **[PASS]** Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms) ### Text Compression (A+ — 100/100) *All text resources are compressed* - **[PASS]** All text resources are compressed ### Image Optimization (C — 60/100) *88 images, 0 KB saveable* - **[WARNING]** https://hku.hk/f/banner/28942/258c90/mahkcs-hku-ba... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://hku.hk/f/banner/28939/258c90/30th%20HKMF_W... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://hku.hk/assets/img/cad-27th.png?t=20210628 is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://hku.hk/f/banner/28843/258c90/HKUsmallBanne... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://hku.hk/f/banner/331/258c90/uv_banner_350x1... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://hku.hk/f/banner/14717/258c90/bannerSPACE@7... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://hku.hk/f/banner/27503/258c90/Untitled%20de... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://hku.hk/assets/img/WARS-Triple-Gold-hku-col... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://hku.hk/assets/img/besthk-logo-2016.png?t=2... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. - **[WARNING]** https://hku.hk/assets/img/2014_Standard_Winner.png... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS. ### JS Execution Cost (F — 20/100) *9279ms total JS execution* - **[WARNING]** https://hku.hk/: 4526ms CPU time - **[WARNING]** https://hku.hk/assets/js/index.js?t=20230414: 2173ms CPU time - **[WARNING]** Unattributable: 1767ms CPU time - **[INFO]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-M9F...: 233ms CPU time - **[INFO]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-ZHLL...: 172ms CPU time - **[INFO]** Third-party scripts: 2324ms (25% of total) ### Font Loading (A+ — 100/100) *6 fonts (220 KB)* - **[INFO]** 6 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional) ### JS Bundles (D — 40/100) *13 scripts, 344 KB unused* - **[WARNING]** https://hku.hk/assets/js/index.js?t=20230414: 172 KB unused (48%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code. - **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-M9F...: 69 KB unused (51%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code. - **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-ZHLL...: 66 KB unused (42%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code. - **[WARNING]** https://script.hotjar.com/modules.6a0f3932cb1341a3...: 38 KB unused (67%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code. - **[INFO]** Total unused JavaScript: 344 KB ### Resource Caching (A+ — 100/100) *All resources properly cached* - **[PASS]** No caching issues found ### Critical Rendering Path (A+ — 100/100) *No render-blocking resources* - **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected ### Resource Hints (A+ — 100/100) *No optimization needed* - **[PASS]** No resource hint issues ### Page Weight Inventory (C — 55/100) *114 resources · 40.6 MB · 344 KB savings available* - **[WARNING]** Page weight 39.6 MB over 1MB target - **[INFO]** ~344 KB of savings available - **[INFO]** 9 third-party resources (1% of weight) - **[INFO]** 42 resources over 200KB ### Render-Blocking Resources (A+ — 100/100) *No render-blocking resources detected* - **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected in ### Third-Party Resources (A+ — 100/100) *No third-party resources detected* --- ## Content Quality ### Links (F — 38/100) *200 links checked, 187 healthy, 12 broken* - **[CRITICAL]** 187 of 200 links are healthy - **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: http://100.hku.hk/sunyatsen/ — Found in . Returns HTTP 404. - **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: http://www.most.gov.cn/eng/ — Found in . Returns HTTP 404. - **[INFO]** Long redirect chain: http://engg.hku.hk/home/news.htm (3 hops) - **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.ke.hku.hk/community-engagement/knowledge-links — Found in . Returns HTTP 404. - **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: http://www.aal.hku.hk/studyabroad — Found in . Get "http://www.aal.hku.hk/studyabroad": context deadline exceeded - **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://aal.hku.hk/studyabroad/index.php?type=incoming — Found in . Get "https://aal.hku.hk/studyabroad/index.php?type=incoming": context deadline exceeded - **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://aal.hku.hk/tpg/programme-information — Found in . Get "https://aal.hku.hk/tpg/programme-information": context deadline exceeded - **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://aal.hku.hk/tpg/ — Found in . Get "https://aal.hku.hk/tpg/": context deadline exceeded - **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://aao.hku.hk/ug-cur/ — Found in . Get "https://aao.hku.hk/ug-cur/": tls: failed to verify certificate: x509: certificate is valid for aas.hku.hk, intranet.aas.hku.hk, surveys.aas.hku.hk, scholar.aas.hku.hk, booking.aas.hku.hk, not aao.hku.hk - **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://aal.hku.hk/studyabroad/ — Found in . Get "https://aal.hku.hk/studyabroad/": context deadline exceeded - **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: http://www.asa.hku.hk/handbook/tpg — Found in . Get "http://www.asa.hku.hk/handbook/tpg": resolve www.asa.hku.hk: lookup www.asa.hku.hk: no such host - **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: http://wp.cedars.hku.hk/web/parents/ — Found in . Get "http://wp.cedars.hku.hk/web/parents/": context deadline exceeded - **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www4.hku.hk/photos/index.php/stock — Found in . Returns HTTP 401. ### Mixed Content (A+ — 100/100) *No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS.* - **[PASS]** No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS ### Open Graph (B — 80/100) *Open Graph tags are partially configured — some improvements recommended.* - **[CRITICAL]** og:image is not reachable — The og:image URL could not be fetched. Social platforms won't be able to display it. - **[INFO]** Missing og:type — The og:type tag helps social platforms categorize the content. - **[INFO]** Missing og:site_name — The og:site_name tag displays the website name in social previews. ### Structured Data (C — 40/100) *No structured data (JSON-LD) found.* - **[INFO]** No structured data (JSON-LD) found — Adding structured data helps search engines understand your content and can enable rich results. --- ## Infrastructure ### DNS Records (A+ — 95/100) *1 A records, 30 ms lookup* - **[PASS]** Resolves to 1 IPv4 address(es) - **[INFO]** Single A record — no DNS redundancy — Multiple A records provide failover if one server goes down. - **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records - **[PASS]** 7 nameserver(s) configured - **[PASS]** 2 mail exchanger(s) configured - **[INFO]** CAA records not checked — CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update. - **[PASS]** SPF record present in TXT - **[PASS]** DNS resolution time: 30 ms ### Redirect Chain (A+ — 100/100) *No redirects — direct access* - **[PASS]** No redirects — direct access ### IPv6 Readiness (C — 60/100) *No IPv6 support* - **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records found — IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity. ### Crawlability (B — 75/100) *no robots.txt, no sitemap* - **[INFO]** No robots.txt found — robots.txt is optional but recommended. It tells search engine crawlers which pages to index. - **[INFO]** No sitemap.xml found — A sitemap helps search engines discover and index your pages more efficiently. ### URL Variants (C — 65/100) *www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS* - **[CRITICAL]** Both www and non-www versions serve content - **[WARNING]** HTTP→HTTPS redirect uses 302 instead of 301 ### Domain Intelligence (A+ — 100/100) *hku.hk — via Hong Kong Domain Name Registration Company Limited, hosted on HKU-AS-HK The University of Hong Kong, HK* - **[PASS]** Registrar: Hong Kong Domain Name Registration Company Limited - **[WARNING]** Registrar lock is NOT enabled — The domain can be transferred without an unlock step. Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) in your registrar's control panel to protect against unauthorized or accidental transfers. - **[PASS]** Hosting: HKU-AS-HK The University of Hong Kong, HK --- ## Compliance ### WCAG Compliance (A+ — 100/100) *No testable criteria* ### Cookie Consent & Privacy (A — 85/100) *No consent signals detected* - **[WARNING]** No privacy policy link detected — A privacy policy page is recommended for transparency and may be legally required. - **[PASS]** Terms of service link found - **[INFO]** No cookie consent banner detected - **[INFO]** This is an automated check, not legal advice — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators of consent management. This does not constitute a legal compliance assessment. Consult a privacy professional for GDPR/CCPA compliance. ### Language & i18n (A — 90/100) *Lang attribute present* - **[PASS]** attribute is present - **[PASS]** value is valid - **[INFO]** No Content-Language HTTP header - **[INFO]** Language signals are inconsistent — The attribute and Content-Language header should agree. ### Readability & Typography (A+ — 100/100) *Font sizes and tap targets checked* ### Viewport Configuration (A+ — 100/100) *Viewport properly configured* - **[PASS]** Viewport meta tag is present - **[PASS]** width=device-width is set - **[PASS]** User zooming is allowed ### Third-Party Trackers (D — 45/100) *4 trackers detected* - **[INFO]** 4 third-party trackers detected — Found 3 analytics, 0 advertising, 0 marketing, 1 tag manager trackers. - **[WARNING]** Trackers detected but no cookie policy found — This page loads 4 trackers but no cookie policy was detected. GDPR requires disclosure when using tracking cookies. - **[WARNING]** Trackers detected but no privacy policy found — Most data protection regulations require a privacy policy when collecting user data via trackers. - **[WARNING]** Session replay tool detected: Hotjar — Session replay tools record user interactions. These require clear disclosure and often explicit consent under GDPR. ### Cookie & Tracker Inventory (A+ — 100/100) *0 cookies · 4 trackers · 0 pre-consent* - **[INFO]** 4 third-party tracker(s) detected on page --- ## Legal ### Legal Page Ecosystem (D — 40/100) *2 of 7 expected legal pages detected* - **[PASS]** Privacy Policy detected — Found at /about/policies_reports/privacy_policy.html, linked from footer. - **[WARNING]** Terms of Service not detected — No link matching common Terms of Service URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Terms of Service, especially those collecting user data. - **[INFO]** Cookie Policy not detected — No link matching common Cookie Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Cookie Policy, especially those collecting user data. - **[INFO]** Accessibility Statement not detected — No link matching common Accessibility Statement URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Accessibility Statement, especially those collecting user data. - **[PASS]** DMCA / Copyright Notice detected — Found at http://lib.hku.hk/copyright/. - **[INFO]** Refund / Returns Policy not detected — No link matching common Refund / Returns Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Refund / Returns Policy, especially those collecting user data. - **[INFO]** Acceptable Use Policy not detected — No link matching common Acceptable Use Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Acceptable Use Policy, especially those collecting user data. ### Copyright Notice (A+ — 100/100) *© 2026 The University of Hong Kong* - **[PASS]** Copyright notice is up to date — Copyright notice is up to date: © 2026 The University of Hong Kong - **[PASS]** Copyright holder: The University of Hong Kong ### Regulatory Indicators *2 regulatory indicator(s) detected* - **[INFO]** This is a technical scan, not a legal assessment — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators that may suggest regulatory relevance. This is not a compliance audit and should not be relied upon for legal decisions. Consult qualified legal counsel for compliance assessments. - **[INFO]** GDPR indicators detected (moderate confidence) — Indicators suggesting GDPR may be relevant: Privacy policy page found. EU General Data Protection Regulation — governs collection and processing of personal data of EU residents. - **[INFO]** HIPAA indicators detected (weak confidence) — Indicators suggesting HIPAA may be relevant: Text mentions: phi. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act — protects sensitive patient health information. ### Third-Party Data Sharing *3 third-party service(s) detected* - **[INFO]** Data inventory for transparency purposes — This inventory identifies third-party services that receive data from your site visitors. Under regulations like GDPR (Article 30), maintaining records of data processing activities is commonly considered a best practice. This automated scan provides a starting point — it may not capture all data flows. - **[INFO]** 3 third-party services across 3 categories — 3 third-party services detected across 3 categories: Analytics (1), Tag Management (1), Session Recording (1). Each of these services receives some user data from your site visitors. - **[INFO]** Google Analytics (Analytics) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Page views, User behavior, Demographics, Device info, IP address. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available. - **[INFO]** Google Tag Manager (Tag Management) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Orchestrates other tracking scripts, Page views. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available. - **[INFO]** Hotjar (Session Recording) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Session recordings, Heatmaps, Click patterns, Form interactions. Privacy policy: https://www.hotjar.com/privacy/. Data Processing Agreement available. ### Compliance Badges (C — 55/100) *0 compliance badge(s) detected* - **[INFO]** No compliance badges detected — No recognized compliance certification badges or seals were found. This is common — many sites do not display compliance badges. --- ## Availability ### CDN & Delivery (D — 50/100) *No CDN detected* - **[WARNING]** No CDN detected — A CDN can significantly improve load times for users around the world by caching content at edge nodes closer to them. ### HTTP Caching (D — 40/100) *No cache headers* - **[WARNING]** No Cache-Control header found — Browsers will use heuristic caching, which can be unpredictable. Set explicit cache headers. - **[PASS]** ETag present — enables conditional (304) responses - **[PASS]** Last-Modified header present ### Transport Security (A — 90/100) *HTTP/3, HSTS, and TLS version analysis* - **[INFO]** HTTP/3 (QUIC) not advertised — HTTP/3 eliminates head-of-line blocking. If your CDN supports it, consider enabling it. - **[PASS]** HSTS enabled (base policy) - **[INFO]** HSTS missing includeSubDomains — Without includeSubDomains, HSTS only protects the exact domain. --- ## Accessibility ### Landmark Structure (C — 65/100) *1 landmarks* - **[PASS]**
landmark present - **[WARNING]** No