# BeaverCheck Audit Report — https://www.pdn.ac.lk

**Date:** August 22, 2026  
**URL:** https://www.pdn.ac.lk  
**Overall Grade:** C (75/100)  
**Report:** https://beavercheck.com/results/627a5c4c-39ff-4d63-a372-6371ed4f984b

## Top Findings

1. **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — Security > Security Headers
2. **[CRITICAL]** HSTS header is missing — Security > Security Headers
3. **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — Security > Content Security Policy
4. **[CRITICAL]** Page weighs 139.1 MB (102.4 MB transferred) — Performance > Page Weight Budget
5. **[CRITICAL]** 4 button(s) with no accessible text — Accessibility > Link & Button Quality

---

## Lighthouse Scores

| Category | Score |
|----------|-------|
| Performance | 55 |
| Accessibility | 81 |
| Best Practices | 96 |
| SEO | 67 |

---

## Security

### Security Headers (F — 5/100)

*1 of 10 headers properly configured*

- **[CRITICAL]** HSTS header is missing — Strict-Transport-Security forces browsers to use HTTPS, preventing downgrade attacks. Add the header with a max-age of at least 1 year.
- **[WARNING]** X-Content-Type-Options header is missing — This header prevents MIME-type sniffing, which can lead to XSS attacks. Set it to 'nosniff'.
- **[WARNING]** X-Frame-Options header is missing — This header prevents clickjacking by controlling who can embed your page in a frame. Set it to DENY or SAMEORIGIN.
- **[WARNING]** Referrer-Policy header is missing — Controls how much referrer information is sent with requests. Set to 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin' or stricter.
- **[WARNING]** Permissions-Policy header is missing — Controls which browser features (camera, microphone, geolocation) are allowed. Set it to restrict unused features.
- **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — CSP is the most important header for preventing XSS attacks. See the CSP section for detailed analysis.
- **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header is missing — COOP isolates your browsing context, preventing cross-origin side-channel attacks. Set to 'same-origin'.
- **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy header is missing — COEP prevents loading cross-origin resources without explicit permission. Required for SharedArrayBuffer and high-resolution timers.
- **[PASS]** X-Powered-By header is not present
- **[WARNING]** Server header reveals version information — The Server header discloses the software version, aiding attackers in targeting known vulnerabilities. Remove the version number.
- **[INFO]** Domain is not in the Chrome HSTS preload list (status: unknown) — Submit your domain to hstspreload.org to close the trust-on-first-use gap. Requires a preload-ready HSTS header (max-age=31536000+, includeSubDomains, preload).

### Content Security Policy (F — 0/100)

*No enforcing CSP policy found*

- **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — CSP is the most effective defense against XSS attacks. Add a Content-Security-Policy header to restrict resource loading.

### TLS & Certificates (A — 90/100)

*TLS 1.3, 7 checks passed*

- **[PASS]** TLS 1.3 is used
- **[PASS]** Strong cipher suite is used
- **[INFO]** HTTP/2 is not negotiated — HTTP/2 provides multiplexing and header compression for better performance.
- **[INFO]** OCSP stapling not enabled — Without stapling, the browser performs a separate OCSP roundtrip on first connection -- adding latency and leaking the visited host to the CA. Enable OCSP stapling on your TLS server.
- **[PASS]** Certificate is valid (expires in 24 days)
- **[WARNING]** Certificate expires soon (24 days remaining) — Renew the certificate before it expires to avoid browser warnings.
- **[PASS]** Certificate chain has 4 certificates
- **[PASS]** Certificate uses modern signature algorithm
- **[PASS]** Certificate covers 1 domain(s)
- **[PASS]** Certificate is issued by a trusted CA

### Cookie Security (A+ — 100/100)

*No cookies set — no cookie security risks*

- **[PASS]** No cookies set — no cookie security risks

### Cookie Hygiene (A+ — 100/100)

*No cookies set -- cookie-hygiene check is N/A*

- **[PASS]** No cookies set

### WAF / Bot Protection (B — 75/100)

*No WAF detected via response headers*

- **[INFO]** No WAF detected — Response headers don't match any known WAF or bot-management product. Sites exposed to abuse (login, signup, payment) typically benefit from a WAF such as Cloudflare, Akamai, AWS WAF, or Imperva.

### security.txt (B — 70/100)

*Vulnerability disclosure policy*

- **[PASS]** security.txt found
- **[WARNING]** security.txt: Missing required 'Contact' field
- **[WARNING]** security.txt: Missing required 'Expires' field (RFC 9116)

### Cross-Origin Tab Safety (A+ — 100/100)

*All 23 new-tab link(s) carry rel=noopener*

- **[PASS]** All 23 new-tab link(s) carry rel=noopener

### CSP Inline-Style Readiness (A+ — 100/100)

*No inline style attributes -- strict CSP is feasible*

- **[PASS]** No inline style attributes detected

### Trusted Types (XSS Sink Hardening) (A+ — 100/100)

*No CSP header -- Trusted Types check is N/A*

- **[PASS]** No CSP header found -- Trusted Types check is N/A

### Bot Challenge Detection (A+ — 100/100)

*Scan reached real page content (no bot-protection interstitial)*

- **[PASS]** No bot-protection interstitial detected -- the rest of the report reflects the real page

### Soft-404 Detection (A+ — 100/100)

*No soft-404 patterns detected in page title or headings*

- **[PASS]** No soft-404 patterns detected in page title or headings

### Empty Page Detection (A+ — 100/100)

*Page has substantive body text and no placeholder / template-leak signals*

- **[PASS]** Page has substantive body text and no placeholder / template-leak signals

### Geo-Restriction Detection (A+ — 100/100)

*No geo-restriction signals detected -- scan reached the page from an allowed region*

- **[PASS]** No geo-restriction detected

### Maintenance Mode Detection (A+ — 100/100)

*No maintenance-mode signals detected -- scan reached a normal page*

- **[PASS]** No maintenance-mode signals detected

### Subresource Integrity Adoption (F — 30/100)

*0% SRI adoption (0/3 third-party resources)*

- **[WARNING]** SRI adoption: 0/3 third-party resources protected (0%) — Of 3 third-party `<script>` / `<link rel=stylesheet>` resources, 0 (0%) declare a Subresource Integrity hash via the `integrity=` attribute. SRI binds the page to the exact bytes of the third-party resource: if the CDN is compromised, attacker-modified bytes won't match the declared hash and the browser refuses to execute the resource.

Missing SRI on (first 3 examples):
  - //translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit
  - https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/ss/k=translate_http.tr.zZZZhVqDDCw.L.W.O/am=BECAAQ/d=0/rs=AN8SPfreld5KM52lJgLi44qeAC03eRorPQ/m=el_main_css
  - https://translate.googleapis.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.es.RNAW9s8xbEk.O/am=BECAAQ/d=1/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfp8W-QFvT0XZOf28k_7uaeN3aPU_Q/m=el_main

Fix: add `integrity="sha384-..."` and `crossorigin="anonymous"` attributes. Generators: srihash.org, or in-browser via `await crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-384', bytes)`. Cache-bust the resource URL when you change versions, since the integrity hash will mismatch with old cached bytes.

### CORS Depth (A+ — 100/100)

*No CORS response headers -- the resource is same-origin-only by browser default*

- **[PASS]** No CORS response headers -- the resource is same-origin-only by browser default

### Permissions-Policy Granularity (C — 60/100)

*No Permissions-Policy header set -- powerful features (camera / microphone / geolocation / payment / USB) default to allow-on-same-origin*

- **[WARNING]** Permissions-Policy header not set -- features default to allow-on-same-origin — Without a `Permissions-Policy` (or legacy `Feature-Policy`) header, every powerful browser feature defaults to its spec default policy (typically `self`). A third-party iframe injected via XSS or a misconfigured embed can still request access to the user's camera, microphone, geolocation, payment APIs, USB devices, etc. Explicitly deny features the page doesn't need:

```
Permissions-Policy: camera=(), microphone=(), geolocation=(), payment=(), usb=(), accelerometer=(), gyroscope=()
```

Features the page legitimately uses can stay enabled with `feature=(self)`.

### Referrer-Policy Strictness (B — 75/100)

*Referrer-Policy header not set -- browser default applies (modern: strict-origin-when-cross-origin; legacy browsers: no-referrer-when-downgrade)*

- **[INFO]** Referrer-Policy header not set -- browser default applies — Without an explicit `Referrer-Policy` header, the browser falls back to its default policy. Modern browsers (Chrome 85+, Firefox 87+, Safari 15+) default to `strict-origin-when-cross-origin`, which is privacy-safe. Legacy browsers default to the leaky `no-referrer-when-downgrade`, which sends the full URL (including path + query) on cross-origin HTTPS-to-HTTPS requests. Set an explicit header to ensure consistent behavior:

```
Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
```

This matches the modern browser default and is privacy-safe without breaking referrer-based same-origin analytics.

### Source Map Exposure (C — 70/100)

*1 publicly-accessible source map(s) -- full source code leaked*

- **[WARNING]** 1 publicly-accessible JavaScript source map(s) — Source maps (.js.map files) reveal the original source code -- variable names, comments, file structure, and sometimes secrets that were stripped from the bundled output. They're shipped to production by mistake almost universally; the standard fix is a build-tool config flag (Webpack: `devtool: false` or `'hidden-source-map'`; Vite: `build.sourcemap: false`; Next.js: `productionBrowserSourceMaps: false`). Once removed, audit your CDN/edge cache to evict any previously-cached .map URLs. Sample accessible URLs: https://www.pdn.ac.lk/assets/index-BpTvxTJs.js.map.

### HTML Version Disclosure (A+ — 100/100)

*No software-version disclosures in HTML*

- **[PASS]** No software-version disclosures in HTML

### Open Redirect Surface (A+ — 100/100)

*No redirect-shaped query parameters in DOM links*

- **[PASS]** No redirect-shaped query parameters in DOM links

### Auth Security (A+ — 100/100)

*Page is not a login form -- auth-security checks are N/A*

- **[PASS]** Page does not appear to be a login form

### Subdomain Inventory Exposure (A+ — 100/100)

*No risky subdomain names in certificate SANs*

- **[PASS]** No risky subdomain names in certificate SANs

---

## Advanced Security

### Subresource Integrity (F — 20/100)

*0 of 3 external resources have SRI*

- **[WARNING]** External script from translate.google.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External link from www.gstatic.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from translate.googleapis.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.

### JS Library Vulnerabilities (A+ — 100/100)

*No known vulnerabilities*

- **[PASS]** No known JavaScript library vulnerabilities detected

### Information Leakage (A+ — 100/100)

*No exposures*

- **[PASS]** security.txt is present — good practice
- **[PASS]** No sensitive files exposed

### Email Security (F — 0/100)

*no DMARC, no SPF*

- **[WARNING]** No DMARC record found — Without DMARC, email receivers have no policy for handling authentication failures. Add a TXT record at _dmarc.<domain> starting with v=DMARC1.
- **[WARNING]** No SPF record found — Without SPF (Sender Policy Framework), receivers can't tell which servers are authorized to send mail for your domain. Add a TXT record at the apex starting with v=spf1, ending in -all.
- **[INFO]** No DKIM detected via common selectors — DKIM signs outbound mail to prove origin. We probed common selectors (default, google, selector1, etc.) without finding a record. If you use a non-standard selector, this is a false negative.
- **[INFO]** MTA-STS not configured — MTA-STS forces inbound mail to use TLS, preventing downgrade attacks. Requires both a TXT record at _mta-sts.<domain> and a policy file at https://mta-sts.<domain>/.well-known/mta-sts.txt.
- **[INFO]** TLS-RPT not configured — TLS-RPT (RFC 8460) lets MTAs report TLS-handshake failures, so you can detect and fix MTA-STS misconfigurations. Add a TXT record at _smtp._tls.<domain>.
- **[INFO]** BIMI not configured — BIMI (Brand Indicators for Message Identification) lets supporting clients (Gmail, Apple Mail, Yahoo) display your verified logo next to your messages. Optional but raises trust signals. Requires DMARC at p=quarantine or p=reject to be honored.

### API Surface (A+ — 100/100)

*No API specs or GraphQL introspection found (probed 11 candidate path(s))*

- **[PASS]** No API specs or GraphQL introspection found (probed 11 path(s))

### Permissions-Policy (D — 40/100)

*No header set*

- **[WARNING]** No Permissions-Policy header — Consider adding a Permissions-Policy header to restrict browser feature access from embedded content.

### CORS Configuration (B — 80/100)

*No CORS headers*

- **[PASS]** No CORS headers present — secure default

---

## Performance

### Page Weight Budget (F — 0/100)

*102.4 MB transferred, 130 requests*

- **[CRITICAL]** Page weighs 139.1 MB (102.4 MB transferred)
- **[WARNING]** Images are 91.0 MB — compress or use modern formats — Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.
- **[WARNING]** JavaScript is 11.0 MB — consider code splitting or lazy loading — Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
- **[WARNING]** 130 HTTP requests — consider bundling or reducing — Each request adds latency. Bundle small files, use sprites, or eliminate unnecessary requests.
- **[INFO]** Estimated 21.5 g CO2 per page load

### Third-Party Impact (A+ — 100/100)

*2% third-party, 0 ms blocking*

- **[INFO]** Third-party code accounts for 2% of page weight (1.7 MiB of 102.4 MiB)
- **[PASS]** Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)

### Text Compression (A+ — 100/100)

*All text resources are compressed*

- **[PASS]** All text resources are compressed

### Image Optimization (B — 70/100)

*56 images, 0 KB saveable*

- **[WARNING]** https://www.pdn.ac.lk/assets/uoplogo-DRtZaWAf.png is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

### JS Execution Cost (F — 20/100)

*10846ms total JS execution*

- **[WARNING]** Unattributable: 4628ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://www.pdn.ac.lk/: 3482ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://www.pdn.ac.lk/assets/index-BpTvxTJs.js: 2585ms CPU time
- **[INFO]** https://translate.googleapis.com/_/translate_http/...: 151ms CPU time
- **[INFO]** Third-party scripts: 151ms (1% of total)

### Font Loading (A+ — 100/100)

*4 fonts (34 KB)*

- **[INFO]** 4 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

### JS Bundles (F — 20/100)

*24 scripts, 9.3 MB unused*

- **[WARNING]** https://www.pdn.ac.lk/assets/index-BpTvxTJs.js: 9.2 MB unused (96%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://translate.googleapis.com/_/translate_http/...: 53 KB unused (58%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[INFO]** Total unused JavaScript: 9.3 MB

### Resource Caching (A+ — 100/100)

*All resources properly cached*

- **[PASS]** No caching issues found

### Critical Rendering Path (A+ — 100/100)

*No render-blocking resources*

- **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected

### Resource Hints (A+ — 100/100)

*No optimization needed*

- **[PASS]** No resource hint issues

### HTTP/3 (QUIC) (B — 75/100)

*HTTP/3 not advertised*

- **[INFO]** HTTP/3 (QUIC) is not advertised — HTTP/3 isn't advertised via Alt-Svc and the worker didn't negotiate h3. HTTP/3 reduces handshake latency (1-RTT instead of 2-3 RTTs) and is more resilient on lossy connections. Most modern CDNs (Cloudflare, Fastly, AWS CloudFront, Google Cloud CDN) support HTTP/3 with a single config switch -- consider enabling for mobile-heavy workloads.

### Compression Algorithm (B — 80/100)

*Main response uses gzip; brotli would be ~20% smaller*

- **[INFO]** Main HTML response uses gzip (brotli would be ~20% smaller) — All current browsers support brotli. Most CDNs (Cloudflare, Fastly, AWS CloudFront, Vercel, Netlify) can switch from gzip to brotli with a single config flag. Origin servers (nginx, Apache) need a brotli module compiled in -- nginx-brotli or Apache mod_brotli.

### LCP Image Preload (A+ — 100/100)

*LCP preload audit not available*

- **[PASS]** LCP image preload audit not available for this scan

### Main HTML Cache-Control (B — 80/100)

*No Cache-Control header on main HTML response*

- **[INFO]** Main HTML response has no Cache-Control header — Without an explicit Cache-Control, browsers fall back to heuristic caching (~10% of Last-Modified age). Set `Cache-Control: no-cache` or `max-age=300` for HTML to control freshness explicitly -- prevents stale auth state and SPA shell drift.

### Server-Timing Observability (B — 85/100)

*No Server-Timing header found*

- **[INFO]** No Server-Timing header found — Server-Timing exposes backend timing breakdowns to browser DevTools (e.g., `db: 45ms; render: 120ms; cache: 2ms`). Useful for diagnosing slow pages without backend log access. Most modern frameworks (Next.js, Cloudflare Workers, Fastly) emit it automatically; absence on a managed platform usually means telemetry headers are stripped at the edge.

### Server Response Intelligence (A+ — 100/100)

*2 server-response signal(s) detected*

- **[PASS]** `Vary` header declared: Accept-Encoding — The page declares a `Vary` header, telling downstream caches which request headers the response varies on. Critical for content-negotiated responses (compression, language, cookies, device class).
- **[PASS]** Both `ETag` and `Last-Modified` present -- efficient revalidation supported — The page returns both `ETag` (content hash) and `Last-Modified` (timestamp) headers. Browsers can issue conditional GETs with `If-None-Match` or `If-Modified-Since`; the server returns 304 Not Modified for unchanged content, saving bandwidth. ETag is the more reliable of the two (timestamps fail in DST transitions and clock skew).

### Page Weight Inventory (F — 30/100)

*130 resources · 102.4 MB · 9.3 MB savings available*

- **[WARNING]** Page weight 102.4 MB exceeds 1 MB target by 101.4 MB
- **[INFO]** ~9.3 MB of savings available
- **[INFO]** 74 third-party resources (2% of weight)
- **[INFO]** 32 resources over 200KB

### Render-Blocking Resources (A+ — 100/100)

*No render-blocking resources detected*

- **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected in <head>

### Third-Party Resources (A+ — 100/100)

*No third-party resources detected*


### JavaScript Blocking (B — 84/100)

*2 JS blocking issue(s) detected*

- **[WARNING]** 2 render-blocking <script src> tag(s) without async/defer — Each `<script src=...>` without `async`, `defer`, or `type="module"` blocks HTML parsing while the browser fetches and executes it. The block lasts the entire round-trip + execution time -- on slow networks this translates directly into LCP delay. Add `defer` (executes after parse, in source order) for scripts that interact with the DOM, or `async` (executes whenever ready) for analytics / independent scripts. Module scripts (`type="module"`) are deferred by default.
- **[WARNING]** Total JS execution time is 10.8 s -- over the 3.5s budget — Total JavaScript execution (parse + compile + run) across all scripts exceeds 3.5 seconds. On low-end devices that becomes 7-15+ seconds and shows up directly in TBT and INP. Reduce by: tree-shaking unused dependencies, code-splitting (dynamic `import()`), removing or deferring third-party tracking, and replacing heavy frameworks where they're not needed.

### CSS Performance Depth (A+ — 100/100)

*No CSS performance depth issues detected*

- **[PASS]** No CSS performance depth issues detected

---

## Content Quality

### Links (A — 95/100)

*63 links checked, 62 healthy, 1 broken*

- **[WARNING]** 62 of 63 links are healthy
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://eng.pdn.ac.lk/postgraduate-programmes/ — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 404.

### Mixed Content (A+ — 100/100)

*No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS.*

- **[PASS]** No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS

### Open Graph (F — 0/100)

*No Open Graph tags found — social sharing previews will be generic.*

- **[WARNING]** No Open Graph meta tags found — Without og:title, og:description, and og:image, social media platforms will generate a generic preview when your page is shared.

### Open Graph / Twitter Card Depth (A+ — 100/100)

*No OG image or Twitter card set -- depth check is N/A (presence covered by Open Graph section)*

- **[PASS]** No OG image / Twitter card to evaluate

### Structured Data (C — 40/100)

*No structured data (JSON-LD) found.*

- **[INFO]** No structured data (JSON-LD) found — Adding structured data helps search engines understand your content and can enable rich results.

### Rich Results Eligibility (C — 75/100)

*No JSON-LD found -- no rich-result eligibility*

- **[INFO]** No JSON-LD structured data on the page — No `<script type="application/ld+json">` blocks found. Without structured data, search engines fall back to inferring page meaning from raw HTML -- which works but doesn't unlock SERP features (rich snippets, knowledge panel, FAQ accordion, breadcrumb trail). Adding even basic JSON-LD (Organization for the site identity, BreadcrumbList for navigation context) is a low-effort SEO win.

### Image Optimization (F — 25/100)

*7 issues found across 34 images*

- **[WARNING]** 17 images significantly larger than display size — Resizing to display dimensions could save approximately 10511 KB.
- **[WARNING]** 33 images missing explicit width/height — Images without dimensions cause layout shifts (CLS). Set explicit width and height attributes.
- **[INFO]** 27 below-fold images missing loading="lazy" — Lazy loading defers below-fold images, reducing initial page weight.
- **[WARNING]** All 33 images use legacy formats (JPEG/PNG/GIF) — WebP offers 25-35% smaller files than JPEG. Use <picture> with <source type="image/webp"> for modern format support.
- **[WARNING]** Total image weight: 14779 KB (14.4 MB) — Consider compressing images, using modern formats, and serving appropriately sized images.
- **[INFO]** 6 image(s) wider than 400px without srcset (no responsive serving) — These images deliver the same asset to every viewport (mobile, tablet, retina). Adding srcset / <picture> lets the browser pick a viewport-appropriate variant and typically saves 40-70% of bytes on mobile. Sample: https://www.pdn.ac.lk/dashboard/function/uploads/Convocation.jpg, https://www.pdn.ac.lk/dashboard/function/uploads/Arts.jpg, https://www.pdn.ac.lk/dashboard/function/uploads/Web.jpg (+3 more).
- **[INFO]** 10 image(s) rendered at a different aspect ratio than the source — The displayed dimensions distort the source -- CSS is forcing the image into a container at the wrong ratio, producing visible stretching or squashing. Either crop the source to match or use object-fit: cover (and accept the crop). Sample: https://www.pdn.ac.lk/dashboard/function/uploads/Convocation.jpg, https://www.pdn.ac.lk/dashboard/function/uploads/Arts.jpg, https://www.pdn.ac.lk/dashboard/function/uploads/Web.jpg (+7 more).

### Autoplay Media (A+ — 100/100)

*No autoplay media on the page*

- **[PASS]** No autoplay media on the page

---

## Infrastructure

### DNS Records (B — 75/100)

*1 A records, 1028 ms lookup*

- **[PASS]** Resolves to 1 IPv4 address(es)
- **[INFO]** Single A record — no DNS redundancy — Multiple A records provide failover if one server goes down.
- **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records
- **[INFO]** No NS records found
- **[INFO]** No MX records — email not configured via DNS
- **[INFO]** No SPF record found in TXT records — SPF helps prevent email spoofing. Add a TXT record starting with 'v=spf1'.
- **[WARNING]** DNS resolution is slow (1028 ms) — Slow DNS adds latency to every page load. Consider a faster DNS provider.

### Subdomain Takeover (A+ — 100/100)

*No subdomain takeover risk detected*

- **[PASS]** No CNAME record present

### DNSSEC (B — 80/100)

*Unsigned (DNSSEC not deployed)*

- **[INFO]** DNSSEC is not deployed — The zone is not DNSSEC-signed. Users on validating resolvers (Cloudflare 1.1.1.1, Quad9 9.9.9.9, growing default in mobile resolvers) get no protection against DNS spoofing for this domain. Most registrars now offer DNSSEC at a single click; consider enabling it for sites where authenticity matters (banking, healthcare, government).

### CAA Records (B — 80/100)

*No CAA records (any CA may issue certificates)*

- **[INFO]** No CAA records published — Without CAA records, any publicly-trusted CA can issue certificates for this domain. Adding a CAA record (`yourdomain. IN CAA 0 issue "letsencrypt.org"`) restricts issuance to CAs you authorize. Required by CAB Forum baseline since 2017; the default of 'any CA' is widely supported but is the broader attack surface for issuance fraud.

### Reverse DNS (C — 60/100)

*0/1 IPs match cert SAN*

- **[INFO]** PTR lookup failed for 192.248.40.36: lookup 192.248.40.36: no such host — No reverse DNS record set for this IP. Common on bare cloud-VM IPs without provider-side PTR; not a security issue.

### Multi-Resolver DNS Speed (D — 50/100)

*Mean 420ms across 3 resolvers (spread 447ms)*

- **[PASS]** Cloudflare: 241ms
- **[PASS]** Quad9: 331ms
- **[PASS]** Google: 688ms
- **[INFO]** High latency spread between resolvers: 447ms (min 241ms / max 688ms) — Wide gap between the fastest and slowest public resolver suggests a geographic anycast issue or an authoritative-server cache problem. Users in different regions will see materially different DNS times.

### Redirect Chain (A+ — 100/100)

*No redirects — direct access*

- **[PASS]** No redirects — direct access

### IPv6 Readiness (C — 60/100)

*No IPv6 support*

- **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records found — IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.

### Crawlability (C — 65/100)

*robots.txt present, sitemap with 0 URLs*

- **[PASS]** robots.txt is present
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml is present
- **[WARNING]** sitemap.xml contains invalid XML — Search engines may not be able to parse the sitemap. Fix XML validation errors.
- **[WARNING]** sitemap.xml is empty — no URLs found — An empty sitemap provides no value. Add <url> entries for your pages.
- **[INFO]** robots.txt does not reference a sitemap — Add a 'Sitemap:' directive to robots.txt so search engines can discover your sitemap.

### URL Variants (B — 75/100)

*www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS*

- **[CRITICAL]** HTTP version does not redirect to HTTPS

### Domain Intelligence

*Domain intelligence data not available*


---

## Compliance

### WCAG Compliance (A+ — 100/100)

*No testable criteria*


### Cookie Consent & Privacy (B — 80/100)

*No consent signals detected*

- **[WARNING]** No privacy policy link detected — A privacy policy page is recommended for transparency and may be legally required.
- **[INFO]** No terms of service link detected
- **[INFO]** No cookie consent banner detected
- **[INFO]** This is an automated check, not legal advice — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators of consent management. This does not constitute a legal compliance assessment. Consult a privacy professional for GDPR/CCPA compliance.

### Consent UX Depth (A+ — 100/100)

*No consent-UX depth issues detected*

- **[PASS]** No consent-UX depth issues detected

### Tracker Inventory (A+ — 100/100)

*No known trackers detected on this page*

- **[PASS]** No known trackers detected on this page

### Language & i18n (A — 90/100)

*Lang attribute present*

- **[PASS]** <html lang> attribute is present
- **[PASS]** <html lang> value is valid
- **[INFO]** No Content-Language HTTP header
- **[INFO]** Language signals are inconsistent — The <html lang> attribute and Content-Language header should agree.

### Hreflang Configuration (A+ — 100/100)

*No hreflang tags on this page*

- **[PASS]** No hreflang tags found (single-language site)

### Internationalization Extras (A+ — 100/100)

*No additional i18n signals detected*

- **[PASS]** No additional i18n signals detected

### Readability & Typography (A+ — 100/100)

*Font sizes and tap targets checked*


### Viewport Configuration (A+ — 100/100)

*Viewport properly configured*

- **[PASS]** Viewport meta tag is present
- **[PASS]** width=device-width is set
- **[PASS]** User zooming is allowed

### Accessibility Statement (B — 70/100)

*No accessibility statement detected*

- **[WARNING]** No accessibility statement detected — Sites are increasingly expected to publish an accessibility statement. Required by EU Web Accessibility Directive 2016/2102 for public-sector bodies; recommended best practice elsewhere. Common URLs: /accessibility, /accessibility-statement, /a11y.

### GDPR Article 13 Disclosures (F — 25/100)

*0 / 8 Art. 13 categories matched in homepage body*

- **[WARNING]** GDPR Article 13 disclosure coverage: 0 / 8 categories — Scanned the homepage body text AND the linked /privacy page for GDPR Article 13 disclosures. Matched 0 of 8 categories: . Missing: Data Protection Officer contact (where applicable), Data retention period, Data subject rights (access, erasure, rectification, etc.), Identity / contact details of the data controller, International data transfers, Legal basis for processing, Recipients of personal data, Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority. Note: only the FIRST same-origin privacy-policy link is followed; deeper sub-pages (e.g. /legal/data-subject-rights) are not fetched.

### Third-Party Trackers (A+ — 100/100)

*No third-party trackers detected*

- **[PASS]** No third-party trackers detected

### Tracking Pixel Inventory (A+ — 100/100)

*No tracking pixels detected*

- **[PASS]** No tracking pixels detected

### Browser Fingerprinting (A+ — 100/100)

*No browser-fingerprinting libraries detected*

- **[PASS]** No browser-fingerprinting libraries detected

### Cross-Site Cookies (SameSite=None) (A+ — 100/100)

*No cookies on the page*

- **[PASS]** No cookies set on the page response

### Beacon Tracking (sendBeacon) (A+ — 100/100)

*No navigator.sendBeacon usage detected in inline scripts*

- **[PASS]** No navigator.sendBeacon usage detected in inline scripts

---

## Legal

### Legal Page Ecosystem (F — 0/100)

*0 of 7 expected legal pages detected*

- **[WARNING]** Privacy Policy not detected — No link matching common Privacy Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Privacy Policy, especially those collecting user data.
- **[WARNING]** Terms of Service not detected — No link matching common Terms of Service URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Terms of Service, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Cookie Policy not detected — No link matching common Cookie Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Cookie Policy, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Accessibility Statement not detected — No link matching common Accessibility Statement URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Accessibility Statement, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** DMCA / Copyright Notice not detected — No link matching common DMCA / Copyright Notice URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a DMCA / Copyright Notice, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Refund / Returns Policy not detected — No link matching common Refund / Returns Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Refund / Returns Policy, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Acceptable Use Policy not detected — No link matching common Acceptable Use Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Acceptable Use Policy, especially those collecting user data.

### Copyright Notice (A+ — 100/100)

*© 2026 University of Peradeniya*

- **[PASS]** Copyright notice is up to date — Copyright notice is up to date: © 2026 University of Peradeniya
- **[PASS]** Copyright holder: University of Peradeniya

### Regulatory Indicators

*1 regulatory indicator(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** This is a technical scan, not a legal assessment — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators that may suggest regulatory relevance. This is not a compliance audit and should not be relied upon for legal decisions. Consult qualified legal counsel for compliance assessments.
- **[INFO]** HIPAA indicators detected (weak confidence) — Indicators suggesting HIPAA may be relevant: Text mentions: phi. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act — protects sensitive patient health information.

### Third-Party Data Sharing

*0 third-party service(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** Data inventory for transparency purposes — This inventory identifies third-party services that receive data from your site visitors. Under regulations like GDPR (Article 30), maintaining records of data processing activities is commonly considered a best practice. This automated scan provides a starting point — it may not capture all data flows.
- **[INFO]** No recognized third-party data-sharing services detected — This page does not appear to load external tracking, analytics, or advertising scripts.

### Compliance Badges (C — 55/100)

*0 compliance badge(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** No compliance badges detected — No recognized compliance certification badges or seals were found. This is common — many sites do not display compliance badges.

---

## Availability

### CDN & Delivery (D — 50/100)

*No CDN detected*

- **[WARNING]** No CDN detected — A CDN can significantly improve load times for users around the world by caching content at edge nodes closer to them.

### HTTP Caching (D — 40/100)

*No cache headers*

- **[WARNING]** No Cache-Control header found — Browsers will use heuristic caching, which can be unpredictable. Set explicit cache headers.
- **[PASS]** ETag present — enables conditional (304) responses
- **[PASS]** Last-Modified header present

### Operational Status Page (B — 80/100)

*No status page link detected*

- **[INFO]** No operational status page link detected — Status pages communicate planned maintenance and incidents to users -- a hallmark of operationally-mature services. Most SaaS teams publish one via Atlassian Statuspage, Instatus, BetterUptime, or a self-hosted Cachet. Smaller sites legitimately don't need one; flagged as Info, not a failure.

### Transport Security (B — 75/100)

*HTTP/3, HSTS, and TLS version analysis*

- **[INFO]** HTTP/3 (QUIC) not advertised — HTTP/3 eliminates head-of-line blocking. If your CDN supports it, consider enabling it.
- **[WARNING]** Missing Strict-Transport-Security header — HSTS tells browsers to only use HTTPS, preventing SSL stripping attacks.
- **[PASS]** TLS 1.3 in use (fastest handshake, 1-RTT)

### Health Check Endpoint (A+ — 100/100)

*Health endpoint at https://www.pdn.ac.lk/health (HTTP 200)*

- **[PASS]** Public health endpoint at https://www.pdn.ac.lk/health

### CDN Cache Observability (B — 85/100)

*No CDN cache-status headers in the response*

- **[INFO]** No CDN cache-status headers in the response — Without an X-Cache / CF-Cache-Status / X-Vercel-Cache / Age header, you can't tell from outside whether a request hit the cache or went to origin. Operationally important: enables debugging stale-content reports and verifying cache rules. Most managed CDN platforms emit at least one of these by default; absence often means the platform's diagnostic headers are stripped at an upstream proxy.

---

## Accessibility

### Landmark Structure (D — 45/100)

*2 landmarks*

- **[CRITICAL]** No <main> landmark found — Screen reader users cannot quickly navigate to the primary content. Wrap your main content in <main>.
- **[WARNING]** No <nav> landmark found
- **[INFO]** No banner (header) landmark
- **[WARNING]** Skip navigation link is missing (WCAG 2.4.1) — Add a skip link as the first focusable element so keyboard users can bypass repeated navigation.

### Heading Hierarchy (C — 60/100)

*37 headings, 2 skip(s)*

- **[WARNING]** Multiple H1 headings (27 found) — A page should have only one H1. Multiple H1s dilute the document outline.
- **[WARNING]** Heading level skipped: H1 → H3 (missing H2) — Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.
- **[WARNING]** Heading level skipped: H1 → H5 (missing H2) — Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

### Heading Text Quality (A+ — 95/100)

*1 heading-text-quality issue(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** 1 heading(s) are all-uppercase (excluding short acronyms) — Headings rendered in all-uppercase are a styling choice that should be done via CSS (`text-transform: uppercase`), not by typing the text in caps. Capitalized text is read letter-by-letter by some screen readers (e.g., "H-E-L-L-O W-O-R-L-D" instead of "hello world"). It's also a soft signal of CMS-migration artifacts where the original lowercase intent was lost.

### Alt Text Quality (A+ — 100/100)

*All 6 images OK*

- **[PASS]** 1 decorative image(s) correctly marked
- **[PASS]** 5 image(s) with good alt text

### Form Accessibility (C — 55/100)

*5 of 5 controls have issues*

- **[CRITICAL]** 5 control(s) without accessible label — Form controls need a <label>, aria-label, or aria-labelledby for screen readers.

### Link & Button Quality (F — 38/100)

*12 issue(s) across 93 links and 22 buttons*

- **[CRITICAL]** 8 link(s) with no accessible text — Links without text are announced as raw URLs by screen readers.
- **[WARNING]** 22 link(s) open in new tab without warning — Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.
- **[CRITICAL]** 4 button(s) with no accessible text — Icon-only buttons need an aria-label so screen readers can announce them.
- **[PASS]** 63 link(s) with descriptive text

### Form Input Types (A+ — 95/100)

*1 input(s) using type=text where a specific type would help*

- **[INFO]** Input "query" should use type="search" (currently type="text") — Field name "query" suggests type="search". Wrong type loses mobile keyboard hints, browser autofill, and free format validation. Change to <input type="search">.

### Form Input Quality (A+ — 100/100)

*5 form control(s) checked, no input-semantic issues*

- **[PASS]** All form input semantics look correct

### Mobile Keyboard & Autofill (A+ — 100/100)

*No autofill-eligible form controls*

- **[PASS]** No autofill-eligible form controls (no name/email/tel/address fields)

### Document Language (A+ — 100/100)

*Lang attribute set to "en"*

- **[PASS]** <html lang="en"> is set and valid

### Tabindex Anti-Patterns (A+ — 100/100)

*No explicit tabindex attributes found*

- **[PASS]** No explicit tabindex attributes found

### Iframe Accessibility (A — 90/100)

*1/2 iframe(s) missing title; 0 placeholder(s)*

- **[WARNING]** <iframe> missing title attribute (src="") — WCAG 4.1.2: iframes need a title attribute so screen readers can announce what's embedded. Without one, the announcement is just "iframe" -- the user has no way to decide whether to enter or skip.

### Tap Target Adequacy (C — 75/100)

*6 tap target(s) too small or too close together*

- **[WARNING]** 6 tap target(s) too small or too close to neighbors — WCAG 2.5.5 (Level AAA) requires interactive targets to be at least 44x44 CSS pixels; WCAG 2.5.8 (Level AA, added in 2.2) requires 24x24 minimum. Failing targets cause mis-taps for users with motor impairments, large fingers, or shaky hands -- and are a major bounce-rate driver on mobile commerce flows. Lighthouse measures rendered rects + adjacent-element spacing; the failing list is in the Lighthouse 'tap-targets' audit detail panel.

### Mobile-Readable Font Sizes (A+ — 100/100)

*All 206 visible text node(s) render at >= 12 CSS pixels*

- **[PASS]** All text uses legible mobile font sizes (>= 12 CSS px)

---

## UX

### 404 Error Page (F — 20/100)

*Soft 404 detected*

- **[CRITICAL]** Soft 404: server returns HTTP 200 for non-existent pages — The server returns HTTP 200 for a path that does not exist. Search engines will index these pages, diluting your real content. Configure your server to return a proper 404 status code for missing pages.

### Favicon & Branding (F — 30/100)

*2 icon(s) detected*

- **[PASS]** favicon.ico present at site root
- **[PASS]** HTML icon links detected
- **[INFO]** No apple-touch-icon detected — iOS devices use this when users add your site to their home screen. Add <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='180x180' href='/apple-touch-icon.png'>.

### Web Manifest (F — 30/100)

*Invalid JSON*

- **[WARNING]** Manifest contains invalid JSON — Manifest at https://www.pdn.ac.lk/manifest.json contains invalid JSON. Browsers cannot parse it.

### PWA Depth (A+ — 100/100)

*No PWA depth issues detected*

- **[PASS]** No PWA depth issues detected

### Dark Mode Support (D — 40/100)

*No dark mode signals*

- **[INFO]** No dark mode signals detected — Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.
- **[INFO]** Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles — External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.

### Print Stylesheet (D — 40/100)

*No print styles*

- **[INFO]** No print-specific styles detected — When users print this page, they get the screen layout including navigation and non-essential elements. Add @media print rules to hide navigation and optimize layout for paper.

### Navigation UX (F — 5/100)

*No navigation patterns*

- **[PASS]** Hamburger menu detected (responsive design)
- **[INFO]** No breadcrumbs, search, or skip link detected — These navigation aids help users orient themselves and find content efficiently, especially on large sites.

### Mobile UX Depth (A+ — 97/100)

*1 mobile-depth signal(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** No `<meta name="theme-color">` -- browser chrome falls back to default — Without `theme-color`, Android Chrome's status bar and iOS Safari's toolbar fall back to a generic gray. Adding a single hex color in `<meta name="theme-color" content="#0066cc">` tints them to your brand color across all mobile browsers.

---

## SEO

### Canonical URL (B — 80/100)

*Minor issues*

- **[WARNING]** No canonical tag found — Search engines will determine the canonical URL themselves, which may cause duplicate content issues.

### Meta Tags (B — 80/100)

*Title optimized*

- **[PASS]** Page title is set
- **[PASS]** Title length (30 chars) is optimal
- **[WARNING]** No meta description tag found — Without a meta description, Google auto-generates a snippet from page content -- usually less click-attractive than a hand-written summary. Add `<meta name="description" content="...">` with a 70-160 char summary.
- **[INFO]** Title and H1 have very different wording — Alignment helps users confirm they've reached the right page.

### Title Style Depth (A+ — 100/100)

*Title style is clean -- consistent separator, no stale year, no keyword stuffing*

- **[PASS]** Title style is clean

### Content Depth (C — 65/100)

*412 words, Very Difficult*

- **[PASS]** Page has 412 words of content
- **[INFO]** Text-to-HTML ratio is 4% — Very low ratio suggests heavy framework overhead or boilerplate.
- **[INFO]** Reading level: Very Difficult (grade 17)

### Internal Links (A+ — 100/100)

*59 internal, 34 external*

- **[PASS]** 59 internal links (63%)
- **[PASS]** 91% of links use descriptive anchor text
- **[INFO]** 59 internal / 34 external links

### Image SEO (A+ — 100/100)

*6 images, 6 descriptive filenames*

- **[PASS]** All images have descriptive filenames

### Hreflang

*0 hreflang tags*


### Hreflang URL Quality (A+ — 100/100)

*No hreflang tags on the page*

- **[PASS]** No hreflang tags on the page

### Hreflang Completeness (A+ — 100/100)

*No hreflang tags on this page -- check is N/A (single-language site or unannotated)*

- **[PASS]** No hreflang tags found -- completeness check is N/A

### Sitemap Freshness (C — 70/100)

*Sitemap exists but no <lastmod> entries*

- **[INFO]** Sitemap has no <lastmod> entries — Without lastmod, Google can't tell which URLs have changed since the last crawl -- it falls back to crawling everything periodically. Adding lastmod (date or ISO 8601 timestamp) on each <url> entry signals freshness so the crawler prioritizes recently-modified pages.

### Sitemap × Robots Consistency (A+ — 100/100)

*No sitemap-vs-robots conflicts detected*

- **[PASS]** Sitemap URLs are not blocked by robots.txt

### Sitemap Hygiene (B — 75/100)

*1 hygiene issue(s) on a 0-URL sitemap*

- **[WARNING]** Sitemap is empty -- 0 URLs listed — The sitemap file is reachable and parses as valid XML, but contains no `<url>` entries. Common causes: a templated sitemap that didn't iterate the URL set during build, a static placeholder shipped to production, or a CMS that lost its URL index. Search engines fetch and discard empty sitemaps.

### Markup Quality (A — 90/100)

*1 markup-quality issue(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** 1 deprecated HTML4 element(s) used — Elements removed from the HTML spec: <center>. Modern browsers still render these for backward-compat, but accessibility tools and HTML validators flag them as errors. Replace `<center>` with CSS `text-align: center` or flexbox; `<font>` with CSS color/font-family/font-size; `<marquee>` with CSS animation; `<frameset>`/`<frame>` with iframes or modern layout primitives.

---

## Sustainability

### CO2 Per Page Load (F — 15/100)

*29.01g CO2 per view*

- **[CRITICAL]** 29.01g CO2 per page view — This page transfers 102.4 MB, producing an estimated 29.01g of CO2 per visit using the Sustainable Web Design model (v4). Breakdown: data center 5.37g, network 5.01g, end-user device 18.63g.
- **[INFO]** At 10,000 monthly views: 3481.6 kg CO2/year — With 10,000 page views per month, this page would generate approximately 3481.6 kg of CO2 annually — equivalent to charging 435200 smartphones.

### Green Hosting (D — 40/100)

*Not green*

- **[INFO]** No confirmed renewable energy commitment detected — Consider providers like Cloudflare, Google Cloud, or Vercel that match 100% of their energy use with renewables.
- **[INFO]** Green hosting status based on known provider commitments — Green hosting detection uses a curated database of provider renewable energy commitments. This is not a real-time verification. For authoritative checks, visit thegreenwebfoundation.org.

### Repeat Visit Weight (A+ — 100/100)

*100% cached*

- **[PASS]** 100% reduction on repeat visits — Returning visitors download only 241 KB (vs 104907 KB first visit). 125 of 130 resources are served from browser cache, saving 28.95g CO2 per repeat visit.
- **[INFO]** Repeat visit: 0.07g CO2 (first visit: 29.01g)

### Carbon Budget (F — 15/100)

*95th percentile*

- **[WARNING]** 29.01g CO2 — above the median website (0.60g) — Heavier than an estimated 5% of websites. Reducing page weight, optimizing images, and removing unused JavaScript would lower the carbon footprint. See the Performance tab.
- **[INFO]** Estimated 95th percentile — Compared to: top 10% = 0.20g, target = 0.50g, median = 0.60g per page view.

### Transfer Efficiency (A+ — 100/100)

*91% efficient*

- **[PASS]** Transfer efficiency: 91% — Only 9484 KB of potential savings identified. Your page is well-optimized for size.

### Web Font Weight Variants (B — 90/100)

*No detectable Google Fonts weights*

- **[INFO]** No detectable Google Fonts weights — The analyzer detects font weights via Google Fonts URL parameters (~70% of font-using sites). Self-hosted fonts and non-Google CDN fonts aren't visible to URL-based detection. If you self-host fonts, manually audit how many @font-face weights you ship -- 2-3 weights per family is typically enough; 5+ is usually unused payload.

---

---

*Generated by [BeaverCheck](https://beavercheck.com) — https://beavercheck.com/results/627a5c4c-39ff-4d63-a372-6371ed4f984b*