# BeaverCheck Audit Report — https://msu.edu

**Date:** April 21, 2026  
**URL:** https://msu.edu  
**Overall Grade:** D (68/100)  
**Report:** https://beavercheck.com/results/9a9e11d8-fd31-41bf-a94a-e0fb49d828b0

## Top Findings

1. **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — Security > Security Headers
2. **[CRITICAL]** Cookie 'incap_ses_179_2067418' is missing the Secure flag — Security > Cookie Security
3. **[CRITICAL]** Cookie 'visid_incap_2067418' is missing the Secure flag — Security > Cookie Security
4. **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — Security > Content Security Policy
5. **[CRITICAL]** Page weighs 14.2 MB (8.8 MB transferred) — Performance > Page Weight Budget

---

## Lighthouse Scores

| Category | Score |
|----------|-------|
| Performance | 27 |
| Accessibility | 91 |
| Best Practices | 81 |
| SEO | 85 |

---

## Security

### Security Headers (F — 30/100)

*3 of 10 headers properly configured*

- **[WARNING]** HSTS max-age is too short (15552000s, should be ≥ 31536000s) — A short max-age leaves a window for downgrade attacks. Set max-age to at least 31536000 (1 year).
- **[PASS]** X-Content-Type-Options is properly configured
- **[WARNING]** X-Frame-Options header is missing — This header prevents clickjacking by controlling who can embed your page in a frame. Set it to DENY or SAMEORIGIN.
- **[WARNING]** Referrer-Policy header is missing — Controls how much referrer information is sent with requests. Set to 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin' or stricter.
- **[WARNING]** Permissions-Policy header is missing — Controls which browser features (camera, microphone, geolocation) are allowed. Set it to restrict unused features.
- **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — CSP is the most important header for preventing XSS attacks. See the CSP section for detailed analysis.
- **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header is missing — COOP isolates your browsing context, preventing cross-origin side-channel attacks. Set to 'same-origin'.
- **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy header is missing — COEP prevents loading cross-origin resources without explicit permission. Required for SharedArrayBuffer and high-resolution timers.
- **[PASS]** X-Powered-By header is not present
- **[PASS]** Server header is present without version info

### Content Security Policy (F — 0/100)

*No enforcing CSP policy found*

- **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — CSP is the most effective defense against XSS attacks. Add a Content-Security-Policy header to restrict resource loading.

### TLS & Certificates (A+ — 100/100)

*TLS 1.3, 7 checks passed*

- **[PASS]** TLS 1.3 is used
- **[PASS]** Strong cipher suite is used
- **[INFO]** HTTP/2 is not negotiated — HTTP/2 provides multiplexing and header compression for better performance.
- **[PASS]** Certificate is valid (expires in 67 days)
- **[PASS]** Certificate chain has 2 certificates
- **[PASS]** Certificate uses modern signature algorithm
- **[PASS]** Certificate covers 217 domain(s)
- **[PASS]** Certificate is issued by a trusted CA

### Cookie Security (D — 50/100)

*4 cookies analyzed, 6 checks passed*

- **[PASS]** Cookie 'sc_site' has the Secure flag
- **[PASS]** Cookie 'sc_site' has the HttpOnly flag
- **[PASS]** Cookie 'sc_site' has SameSite=None
- **[PASS]** Cookie 'BIGipServermichiganstate.netlifyglobalcdn.com_167610_https_pool' has the Secure flag
- **[PASS]** Cookie 'BIGipServermichiganstate.netlifyglobalcdn.com_167610_https_pool' has the HttpOnly flag
- **[WARNING]** Cookie 'BIGipServermichiganstate.netlifyglobalcdn.com_167610_https_pool' has no SameSite attribute — Without an explicit SameSite attribute, browser default behavior varies. Set SameSite=Lax or Strict.
- **[CRITICAL]** Cookie 'visid_incap_2067418' is missing the Secure flag — Without the Secure flag, this cookie can be sent over unencrypted HTTP, exposing it to interception.
- **[PASS]** Cookie 'visid_incap_2067418' has the HttpOnly flag
- **[WARNING]** Cookie 'visid_incap_2067418' has no SameSite attribute — Without an explicit SameSite attribute, browser default behavior varies. Set SameSite=Lax or Strict.
- **[CRITICAL]** Cookie 'incap_ses_179_2067418' is missing the Secure flag — Without the Secure flag, this cookie can be sent over unencrypted HTTP, exposing it to interception.
- **[WARNING]** Cookie 'incap_ses_179_2067418' is missing the HttpOnly flag — Without HttpOnly, this cookie can be accessed by JavaScript, making it vulnerable to XSS-based theft.
- **[WARNING]** Cookie 'incap_ses_179_2067418' has no SameSite attribute — Without an explicit SameSite attribute, browser default behavior varies. Set SameSite=Lax or Strict.

---

## Advanced Security

### Subresource Integrity (F — 20/100)

*0 of 24 external resources have SRI*

- **[WARNING]** External link from edge-platform.sitecorecloud.io lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from tr.snapchat.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from scripts.clarity.ms lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.clarity.ms lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from connect.facebook.net lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from connect.facebook.net lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from connect.facebook.net lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static.ads-twitter.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from snap.licdn.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from sc-static.net lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.youtube.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.youtube.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.youtube.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External link from edge-platform.sitecorecloud.io lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from mx.technolutions.net lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from msu.blueconic.net lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from cdnjs.cloudflare.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.youtube.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from js.adsrvr.org lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from explore.msu.edu lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from i647.msu.edu lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.

### JS Library Vulnerabilities (A+ — 100/100)

*No known vulnerabilities*

- **[PASS]** No known JavaScript library vulnerabilities detected

### Information Leakage (A+ — 100/100)

*No exposures*

- **[INFO]** No security.txt found — Consider adding a security.txt at /.well-known/security.txt.
- **[PASS]** No sensitive files exposed

### Email Security (D — 50/100)

*DMARC: none*

- **[WARNING]** DMARC policy is none — monitoring only — This only monitors, it doesn't block spoofed emails. Change to p=quarantine or p=reject.

### Permissions-Policy (D — 40/100)

*No header set*

- **[WARNING]** No Permissions-Policy header — Consider adding a Permissions-Policy header to restrict browser feature access from embedded content.

### CORS Configuration (B — 80/100)

*No CORS headers*

- **[PASS]** No CORS headers present — secure default

---

## Performance

### Page Weight Budget (F — 0/100)

*8.8 MB transferred, 130 requests*

- **[CRITICAL]** Page weighs 14.2 MB (8.8 MB transferred)
- **[WARNING]** Images are 6.4 MB — compress or use modern formats — Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.
- **[WARNING]** JavaScript is 1.8 MB — consider code splitting or lazy loading — Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
- **[INFO]** Fonts are 439 KB — consider subsetting or using system fonts — Subset fonts to include only used characters, or switch to system font stacks.
- **[WARNING]** 130 HTTP requests — consider bundling or reducing — Each request adds latency. Bundle small files, use sprites, or eliminate unnecessary requests.
- **[INFO]** Estimated 1.8 g CO2 per page load

### Third-Party Impact (D — 50/100)

*89% third-party, 0 ms blocking*

- **[WARNING]** Third-party code accounts for 89% of page weight (7.8 MiB of 8.8 MiB)
- **[PASS]** Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)

### Text Compression (A+ — 100/100)

*All text resources are compressed*

- **[PASS]** All text resources are compressed

### Image Optimization (C — 60/100)

*40 images, 0 KB saveable*

- **[WARNING]** https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/michiganstab57e-msus... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/michiganstab57e-msus... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/michiganstab57e-msus... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

### JS Execution Cost (F — 20/100)

*6336ms total JS execution*

- **[WARNING]** Unattributable: 977ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-KRV...: 819ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://msu.edu/_next/static/chunks/framework-e952...: 750ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://msu.edu/_next/static/chunks/pages/%5B%5B.....: 562ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://msu.edu/: 538ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** Third-party scripts: 3963ms (63% of total)

### Font Loading (A+ — 100/100)

*8 fonts (439 KB)*

- **[INFO]** 8 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

### JS Bundles (F — 20/100)

*41 scripts, 808 KB unused*

- **[WARNING]** https://msu.edu/_next/static/chunks/27-8f8d979b1b2...: 307 KB unused (72%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://msu.edu/_next/static/chunks/287-8fc672f61b...: 130 KB unused (82%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-KRV...: 67 KB unused (40%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-D727...: 67 KB unused (42%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-EFLD...: 63 KB unused (40%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[INFO]** Total unused JavaScript: 808 KB

### Resource Caching (A+ — 100/100)

*All resources properly cached*

- **[PASS]** No caching issues found

### Critical Rendering Path (A+ — 100/100)

*No render-blocking resources*

- **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected

### Resource Hints (A+ — 100/100)

*2 hints, 0 missing preconnects*

- **[PASS]** Page uses 2 resource hint(s)

### Page Weight Inventory (F — 25/100)

*130 resources · 8.8 MB · 808 KB savings available*

- **[WARNING]** Page weight 7.8 MB over 1MB target
- **[INFO]** ~808 KB of savings available
- **[WARNING]** 107 third-party resources (89% of weight)
- **[INFO]** 12 resources over 200KB

### Render-Blocking Resources (A+ — 100/100)

*No render-blocking resources detected*

- **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected in <head>

### Third-Party Resources (A+ — 100/100)

*No third-party resources detected*


---

## Content Quality

### Links (B — 80/100)

*191 links checked, 187 healthy, 4 broken*

- **[CRITICAL]** 187 of 191 links are healthy
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://mispartanimpact.msu.edu/?utm_campaign=standard-pr... — Found in <a href>. Get "https://mispartanimpact.msu.edu/?utm_campaign=standard-promo&utm_source=msuhome&utm_medium=msuhome": remote error: tls: handshake failure
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https... — Found in <a href>. Get "chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/michigansta4a14-msu70a4-prod718c-8cd0/media/project/msu/supportmore/docs/2025-know-more-survey-results.pdf": unsupported protocol scheme "chrome-extension"
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.instagram.com/michiganstateu/ — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 429.
- **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.linkedin.com/school/michigan-state-university/ — Found in <a href>. Returns HTTP 999.

### Mixed Content (A+ — 100/100)

*No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS.*

- **[PASS]** No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS

### Open Graph (F — 55/100)

*Open Graph tags need attention — social sharing previews may be incomplete.*

- **[WARNING]** Missing og:description — The og:description tag controls the description in social sharing previews.
- **[WARNING]** Missing og:image — The og:image tag provides a preview image for social sharing.
- **[INFO]** Missing og:url — The og:url tag specifies the canonical URL for the shared content.
- **[INFO]** Missing og:type — The og:type tag helps social platforms categorize the content.
- **[INFO]** Missing twitter:card — Without twitter:card, Twitter falls back to Open Graph tags. Adding it gives you more control.

### Structured Data (C — 40/100)

*No structured data (JSON-LD) found.*

- **[INFO]** No structured data (JSON-LD) found — Adding structured data helps search engines understand your content and can enable rich results.

---

## Infrastructure

### DNS Records (A+ — 100/100)

*2 A records, 20 ms lookup*

- **[PASS]** Resolves to 2 IPv4 address(es)
- **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records
- **[PASS]** 4 nameserver(s) configured
- **[PASS]** 2 mail exchanger(s) configured
- **[INFO]** CAA records not checked — CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.
- **[PASS]** SPF record present in TXT
- **[PASS]** DNS resolution time: 20 ms

### Redirect Chain (A+ — 100/100)

*No redirects — direct access*

- **[PASS]** No redirects — direct access

### IPv6 Readiness (C — 60/100)

*No IPv6 support*

- **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records found — IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.

### Crawlability (A+ — 100/100)

*robots.txt present, sitemap with 136 URLs*

- **[PASS]** robots.txt is present
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml is present
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml is valid XML
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml contains 136 entries
- **[PASS]** robots.txt references sitemap

### URL Variants (A+ — 100/100)

*www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS*

- **[PASS]** HTTP correctly 301-redirects to HTTPS

### Domain Intelligence (A+ — 100/100)

*msu.edu — 39 years, 6 months old, hosted on INCAPSULA - Incapsula Inc, US*

- **[PASS]** Domain registered until Jul 31, 2028 (2 years, 3 months remaining)
- **[PASS]** Hosting: INCAPSULA - Incapsula Inc, US

---

## Compliance

### WCAG Compliance (A+ — 100/100)

*No testable criteria*


### Cookie Consent & Privacy (B — 80/100)

*No consent signals detected*

- **[WARNING]** No privacy policy link detected — A privacy policy page is recommended for transparency and may be legally required.
- **[INFO]** No terms of service link detected
- **[INFO]** No cookie consent banner detected
- **[PASS]** 4 cookie(s) set on initial load (functional)
- **[INFO]** This is an automated check, not legal advice — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators of consent management. This does not constitute a legal compliance assessment. Consult a privacy professional for GDPR/CCPA compliance.

### Language & i18n (A — 90/100)

*Lang attribute present*

- **[PASS]** <html lang> attribute is present
- **[PASS]** <html lang> value is valid
- **[INFO]** No Content-Language HTTP header
- **[INFO]** Language signals are inconsistent — The <html lang> attribute and Content-Language header should agree.

### Readability & Typography (A+ — 100/100)

*Font sizes and tap targets checked*


### Viewport Configuration (A+ — 100/100)

*Viewport properly configured*

- **[PASS]** Viewport meta tag is present
- **[PASS]** width=device-width is set
- **[PASS]** User zooming is allowed

### Third-Party Trackers (F — 30/100)

*10 trackers detected*

- **[INFO]** 10 third-party trackers detected — Found 7 analytics, 2 advertising, 0 marketing, 1 tag manager trackers.
- **[WARNING]** 2 advertising/retargeting trackers detected — Advertising trackers collect user data for ad targeting. Under GDPR, these typically require explicit consent.
- **[WARNING]** Trackers detected but no cookie policy found — This page loads 10 trackers but no cookie policy was detected. GDPR requires disclosure when using tracking cookies.
- **[WARNING]** Trackers detected but no privacy policy found — Most data protection regulations require a privacy policy when collecting user data via trackers.
- **[WARNING]** Session replay tool detected: Microsoft Clarity — Session replay tools record user interactions. These require clear disclosure and often explicit consent under GDPR.

### Cookie & Tracker Inventory (A+ — 100/100)

*4 cookies · 10 trackers · 0 pre-consent*

- **[INFO]** 1 cookie(s) could not be classified
- **[INFO]** 10 third-party tracker(s) detected on page

---

## Legal

### Legal Page Ecosystem (D — 45/100)

*2 of 7 expected legal pages detected*

- **[PASS]** Privacy Policy detected — Found at https://msu.edu/privacy, linked from footer.
- **[WARNING]** Terms of Service not detected — No link matching common Terms of Service URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Terms of Service, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Cookie Policy not detected — No link matching common Cookie Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Cookie Policy, especially those collecting user data.
- **[PASS]** Accessibility Statement detected — Found at https://msu.edu/accessibility, linked from footer.
- **[INFO]** DMCA / Copyright Notice not detected — No link matching common DMCA / Copyright Notice URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a DMCA / Copyright Notice, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Refund / Returns Policy not detected — No link matching common Refund / Returns Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Refund / Returns Policy, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Acceptable Use Policy not detected — No link matching common Acceptable Use Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Acceptable Use Policy, especially those collecting user data.

### Copyright Notice (C — 55/100)

*No copyright notice detected*

- **[INFO]** No copyright notice detected — No copyright notice detected in the page content. While not legally required in most jurisdictions (copyright exists automatically), a notice is standard practice and signals site ownership.

### Regulatory Indicators

*2 regulatory indicator(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** This is a technical scan, not a legal assessment — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators that may suggest regulatory relevance. This is not a compliance audit and should not be relied upon for legal decisions. Consult qualified legal counsel for compliance assessments.
- **[INFO]** GDPR indicators detected (moderate confidence) — Indicators suggesting GDPR may be relevant: Privacy policy page found. EU General Data Protection Regulation — governs collection and processing of personal data of EU residents.
- **[INFO]** ADA indicators detected (moderate confidence) — Indicators suggesting ADA may be relevant: Accessibility statement page found. Americans with Disabilities Act / Section 508 — requires digital accessibility for people with disabilities.

### Third-Party Data Sharing

*5 third-party service(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** Data inventory for transparency purposes — This inventory identifies third-party services that receive data from your site visitors. Under regulations like GDPR (Article 30), maintaining records of data processing activities is commonly considered a best practice. This automated scan provides a starting point — it may not capture all data flows.
- **[INFO]** 5 third-party services across 4 categories — 5 third-party services detected across 4 categories: Analytics (1), Tag Management (1), Advertising (2), CDN (1). Each of these services receives some user data from your site visitors.
- **[INFO]** Google Analytics (Analytics) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Page views, User behavior, Demographics, Device info, IP address. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available.
- **[INFO]** Google Tag Manager (Tag Management) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Orchestrates other tracking scripts, Page views. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available.
- **[INFO]** Facebook Pixel (Advertising) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Page views, Conversions, User behavior, Ad targeting. Privacy policy: https://www.facebook.com/privacy/policy. Data Processing Agreement available.
- **[INFO]** LinkedIn Insight (Advertising) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Page views, Conversions, Ad targeting, Professional demographics. Privacy policy: https://www.linkedin.com/legal/privacy-policy. Data Processing Agreement available.
- **[INFO]** Cloudflare (CDN) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: IP address (transient), Request metadata. Privacy policy: https://www.cloudflare.com/privacypolicy/. Data Processing Agreement available.

### Compliance Badges (C — 55/100)

*0 compliance badge(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** No compliance badges detected — No recognized compliance certification badges or seals were found. This is common — many sites do not display compliance badges.

---

## Availability

### CDN & Delivery (B — 80/100)

*Netlify*

- **[PASS]** Site is served via Netlify CDN

### HTTP Caching (B — 75/100)

*public,max-age=0,must-revalidate*

- **[PASS]** Cache-Control header is set
- **[PASS]** ETag present — enables conditional (304) responses

### Transport Security (B — 75/100)

*HTTP/3, HSTS, and TLS version analysis*

- **[INFO]** HTTP/3 (QUIC) not advertised — HTTP/3 eliminates head-of-line blocking. If your CDN supports it, consider enabling it.
- **[WARNING]** HSTS max-age is short: 180 days — HSTS max-age should be at least 1 year (31536000 seconds).
- **[INFO]** HSTS missing includeSubDomains — Without includeSubDomains, HSTS only protects the exact domain.
- **[PASS]** TLS 1.3 in use (fastest handshake, 1-RTT)

---

## Accessibility

### Landmark Structure (C — 65/100)

*24 landmarks*

- **[CRITICAL]** No <main> landmark found — Screen reader users cannot quickly navigate to the primary content. Wrap your main content in <main>.
- **[PASS]** 17 <nav> landmark(s) found
- **[WARNING]** 4 of 17 <nav> elements are unlabeled — Multiple navigations need aria-label to distinguish them for screen readers.
- **[PASS]** Skip navigation link present

### Heading Hierarchy (B — 75/100)

*44 headings, 1 skip(s)*

- **[PASS]** Single H1 present
- **[WARNING]** Heading level skipped: H2 → H4 (missing H3) — Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.
- **[WARNING]** 2 empty heading(s) — Empty headings appear in the document outline but provide no information.

### Alt Text Quality (C — 63/100)

*5 of 20 images have issues*

- **[CRITICAL]** 2 image(s) missing alt attribute — Images without alt text are invisible to screen readers.
- **[WARNING]** 3 image(s) with filename as alt text
- **[INFO]** 1 image(s) with alt text over 125 characters
- **[PASS]** 14 image(s) with good alt text

### Form Accessibility (A+ — 100/100)

*All 2 controls labeled*

- **[PASS]** 2 control(s) properly labeled

### Link & Button Quality (F — 18/100)

*24 issue(s) across 247 links and 3 buttons*

- **[CRITICAL]** 11 link(s) with no accessible text — Links without text are announced as raw URLs by screen readers.
- **[WARNING]** 11 link(s) with generic text — Generic link text like 'click here' doesn't describe the destination.
- **[WARNING]** 65 link(s) open in new tab without warning — Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.
- **[CRITICAL]** 2 button(s) with no accessible text — Icon-only buttons need an aria-label so screen readers can announce them.
- **[PASS]** 160 link(s) with descriptive text

---

## UX

### 404 Error Page (A — 90/100)

*HTTP 404, custom page*

- **[PASS]** Correct 404 status code returned
- **[PASS]** Custom styled 404 page
- **[PASS]** Navigation links present on 404 page
- **[PASS]** Homepage link present on 404 page
- **[PASS]** Search form present on 404 page

### Favicon & Branding (F — 30/100)

*2 icon(s) detected*

- **[PASS]** favicon.ico present at site root
- **[PASS]** HTML icon links detected
- **[INFO]** No apple-touch-icon detected — iOS devices use this when users add your site to their home screen. Add <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='180x180' href='/apple-touch-icon.png'>.

### Web Manifest (D — 40/100)

*Not found*

- **[INFO]** No web manifest found — No manifest at standard paths (/manifest.json, /site.webmanifest). A manifest is optional but enables PWA features like home screen installation and standalone display.

### Dark Mode Support (D — 40/100)

*No dark mode signals*

- **[INFO]** No dark mode signals detected — Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.
- **[INFO]** Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles — External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.

### Print Stylesheet (D — 40/100)

*No print styles*

- **[INFO]** No print-specific styles detected — When users print this page, they get the screen layout including navigation and non-essential elements. Add @media print rules to hide navigation and optimize layout for paper.

### Navigation UX (F — 35/100)

*1 navigation pattern(s)*

- **[PASS]** Skip navigation link detected
- **[PASS]** 17 navigation landmark(s) detected
- **[PASS]** Hamburger menu detected (responsive design)

---

## SEO

### Canonical URL (A+ — 100/100)

*Properly configured*

- **[PASS]** Canonical tag present
- **[PASS]** Canonical is self-referencing
- **[PASS]** Canonical matches final URL after redirects
- **[PASS]** Canonical target returns 200

### Meta Tags (A — 85/100)

*Title: 25 chars*

- **[PASS]** Page title is set
- **[WARNING]** Title is only 25 characters — consider expanding
- **[INFO]** Title and H1 have very different wording — Alignment helps users confirm they've reached the right page.

### Content Depth (A — 85/100)

*1162 words, Very Difficult*

- **[PASS]** Page has 1162 words — good depth for search engines
- **[INFO]** Text-to-HTML ratio is 2% — Very low ratio suggests heavy framework overhead or boilerplate.
- **[INFO]** Reading level: Very Difficult (grade 23)

### Internal Links (A — 85/100)

*67 internal, 180 external*

- **[PASS]** 67 internal links (27%)
- **[PASS]** 91% of links use descriptive anchor text
- **[INFO]** Page has 247 links — consider reducing
- **[INFO]** 67 internal / 180 external links
- **[WARNING]** 2 internal links use generic anchor text

### Image SEO (A+ — 95/100)

*20 images, 17 descriptive filenames*

- **[INFO]** 3 image(s) have hash/generic filenames
- **[INFO]** 2 image(s) missing alt text — see Accessibility tab

### Hreflang

*0 hreflang tags*


---

## Sustainability

### CO2 Per Page Load (F — 30/100)

*2.09g CO2 per view*

- **[CRITICAL]** 2.09g CO2 per page view — This page transfers 8.8 MB, producing an estimated 2.09g of CO2 per visit using the Sustainable Web Design model (v4). Breakdown: data center 0.05g, network 0.43g, end-user device 1.60g.
- **[INFO]** At 10,000 monthly views: 250.3 kg CO2/year — With 10,000 page views per month, this page would generate approximately 250.3 kg of CO2 annually — equivalent to charging 31290 smartphones.
- **[PASS]** Green hosting reduces data center emissions

### Green Hosting (A — 85/100)

*Green (cdn)*

- **[PASS]** Netlify CDN uses renewable energy — Since most traffic is served through the CDN, the majority of data transfer energy is renewable.
- **[INFO]** Netlify: Hosted on AWS/Google Cloud with renewable energy matching
- **[INFO]** Green hosting status based on known provider commitments — Green hosting detection uses a curated database of provider renewable energy commitments. This is not a real-time verification. For authoritative checks, visit thegreenwebfoundation.org.

### Repeat Visit Weight (A+ — 100/100)

*99% cached*

- **[PASS]** 99% reduction on repeat visits — Returning visitors download only 50 KB (vs 9024 KB first visit). 126 of 130 resources are served from browser cache, saving 2.07g CO2 per repeat visit.
- **[INFO]** Repeat visit: 0.01g CO2 (first visit: 2.09g)

### Carbon Budget (F — 15/100)

*95th percentile*

- **[WARNING]** 2.09g CO2 — above the median website (0.60g) — Heavier than an estimated 5% of websites. Reducing page weight, optimizing images, and removing unused JavaScript would lower the carbon footprint. See the Performance tab.
- **[INFO]** Estimated 95th percentile — Compared to: top 10% = 0.20g, target = 0.50g, median = 0.60g per page view.

### Transfer Efficiency (A+ — 100/100)

*91% efficient*

- **[PASS]** Transfer efficiency: 91% — Only 808 KB of potential savings identified. Your page is well-optimized for size.

---

---

*Generated by [BeaverCheck](https://beavercheck.com) — https://beavercheck.com/results/9a9e11d8-fd31-41bf-a94a-e0fb49d828b0*