# BeaverCheck Audit Report — https://grammarly.com

**Date:** April 16, 2026  
**URL:** https://grammarly.com  
**Overall Grade:** C (74/100)  
**Report:** https://beavercheck.com/results/a7626c20-f87c-4a12-ae31-3e29a4a6fefe

## Top Findings

1. **[CRITICAL]** HSTS header is missing — Security > Security Headers
2. **[CRITICAL]** Page weighs 11.6 MB (5.8 MB transferred) — Performance > Page Weight Budget
3. **[CRITICAL]** 4 image(s) missing alt attribute — Accessibility > Alt Text Quality
4. **[CRITICAL]** 7 image-only link(s) without alt text — Accessibility > Link & Button Quality
5. **[WARNING]**  is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Performance > Image Optimization

---

## Lighthouse Scores

| Category | Score |
|----------|-------|
| Performance | 35 |
| Accessibility | 97 |
| Best Practices | 96 |
| SEO | 92 |

---

## Security

### Security Headers (D — 50/100)

*5 of 10 headers properly configured*

- **[CRITICAL]** HSTS header is missing — Strict-Transport-Security forces browsers to use HTTPS, preventing downgrade attacks. Add the header with a max-age of at least 1 year.
- **[PASS]** X-Content-Type-Options is properly configured
- **[WARNING]** X-Frame-Options header is missing — This header prevents clickjacking by controlling who can embed your page in a frame. Set it to DENY or SAMEORIGIN.
- **[PASS]** Referrer-Policy is properly configured
- **[WARNING]** Permissions-Policy header is missing — Controls which browser features (camera, microphone, geolocation) are allowed. Set it to restrict unused features.
- **[PASS]** Content-Security-Policy is present
- **[INFO]** Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy is set but not 'same-origin'
- **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy header is missing — COEP prevents loading cross-origin resources without explicit permission. Required for SharedArrayBuffer and high-resolution timers.
- **[PASS]** X-Powered-By header is not present
- **[PASS]** Server header is not present

### Content Security Policy (B — 70/100)

*2 of 10 CSP checks passed*

- **[INFO]** Raw CSP policy
- **[WARNING]** default-src directive is missing — default-src provides a fallback for other directives. Set it to restrict default resource loading.
- **[INFO]** No script-src or default-src to check for 'unsafe-inline'
- **[INFO]** No script-src or default-src to check for 'unsafe-eval'
- **[INFO]** No script-src or default-src to check for wildcard
- **[PASS]** object-src falls back to default-src
- **[WARNING]** base-uri directive is missing — Without base-uri, attackers can inject a <base> tag to hijack relative URLs. Set it to 'self' or 'none'.
- **[PASS]** frame-ancestors directive is set
- **[WARNING]** form-action directive is missing — form-action restricts where forms can submit data, preventing form hijacking.
- **[INFO]** upgrade-insecure-requests is not set — This directive upgrades HTTP resources to HTTPS automatically, preventing mixed content.

### TLS & Certificates (A+ — 100/100)

*TLS 1.3, 7 checks passed*

- **[PASS]** TLS 1.3 is used
- **[PASS]** Strong cipher suite is used
- **[INFO]** HTTP/2 is not negotiated — HTTP/2 provides multiplexing and header compression for better performance.
- **[PASS]** Certificate is valid (expires in 127 days)
- **[PASS]** Certificate chain has 3 certificates
- **[PASS]** Certificate uses modern signature algorithm
- **[PASS]** Certificate covers 2 domain(s)
- **[PASS]** Certificate is issued by a trusted CA

### Cookie Security (A+ — 100/100)

*No cookies set — no cookie security risks*

- **[PASS]** No cookies set — no cookie security risks

---

## Advanced Security

### Subresource Integrity (F — 20/100)

*0 of 29 external resources have SRI*

- **[WARNING]** External script from d34r8q7sht0t9k.cloudfront.net lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.google-analytics.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.google-analytics.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External link from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External link from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External link from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from accounts.google.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from static-web.grammarly.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External link from accounts.google.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from transcend-cdn.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.

### JS Library Vulnerabilities (A+ — 100/100)

*No known vulnerabilities*

- **[PASS]** No known JavaScript library vulnerabilities detected

### Information Leakage (A+ — 100/100)

*No exposures*

- **[PASS]** security.txt is present — good practice
- **[PASS]** No sensitive files exposed

### Email Security (A+ — 100/100)

*DMARC: reject*

- **[PASS]** DMARC policy is reject — strongest protection

### Permissions-Policy (D — 40/100)

*No header set*

- **[WARNING]** No Permissions-Policy header — Consider adding a Permissions-Policy header to restrict browser feature access from embedded content.

### CORS Configuration (B — 80/100)

*No CORS headers*

- **[PASS]** No CORS headers present — secure default

---

## Performance

### Page Weight Budget (F — 0/100)

*5.8 MB transferred, 90 requests*

- **[CRITICAL]** Page weighs 11.6 MB (5.8 MB transferred)
- **[WARNING]** JavaScript is 2.1 MB — consider code splitting or lazy loading — Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
- **[INFO]** 90 HTTP requests
- **[INFO]** Estimated 1.2 g CO2 per page load

### Third-Party Impact (D — 50/100)

*100% third-party, 0 ms blocking*

- **[WARNING]** Third-party code accounts for 100% of page weight (5.8 MiB of 5.8 MiB)
- **[PASS]** Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)

### Text Compression (A+ — 100/100)

*All text resources are compressed*

- **[PASS]** All text resources are compressed

### Image Optimization (B — 70/100)

*26 images, 0 KB saveable*

- **[WARNING]**  is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

### JS Execution Cost (F — 20/100)

*6856ms total JS execution*

- **[WARNING]** https://static-web.grammarly.com/cms/master/_next/...: 1749ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://www.grammarly.com/: 1016ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** Unattributable: 842ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://static-web.grammarly.com/cms/master/_next/...: 687ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-NQ3...: 553ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** Third-party scripts: 6856ms (100% of total)

### Font Loading (A+ — 100/100)

*4 fonts (135 KB)*

- **[INFO]** 4 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

### JS Bundles (F — 20/100)

*25 scripts, 999 KB unused*

- **[WARNING]** https://static-web.grammarly.com/cms/master/_next/...: 320 KB unused (65%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://static-web.grammarly.com/cms/master/_next/...: 103 KB unused (63%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://static-web.grammarly.com/cms/master/_next/...: 72 KB unused (60%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client: 69 KB unused (72%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-CBK9...: 68 KB unused (41%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[INFO]** Total unused JavaScript: 999 KB

### Resource Caching (A+ — 100/100)

*All resources properly cached*

- **[PASS]** No caching issues found

### Critical Rendering Path (A+ — 100/100)

*No render-blocking resources*

- **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected

### Resource Hints (A+ — 100/100)

*12 hints, 0 missing preconnects*

- **[PASS]** Page uses 12 resource hint(s)

### Page Weight Inventory (F — 25/100)

*90 resources · 5.8 MB · 999 KB savings available*

- **[WARNING]** Page weight 4.8 MB over 1MB target
- **[INFO]** ~999 KB of savings available
- **[WARNING]** 89 third-party resources (100% of weight)
- **[INFO]** 4 resources over 200KB

### Render-Blocking Resources (A+ — 100/100)

*No render-blocking resources detected*

- **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected in <head>

### Third-Party Resources (A+ — 100/100)

*No third-party resources detected*


---

## Content Quality

### Links (A — 95/100)

*189 links checked, 188 healthy, 1 broken*

- **[WARNING]** 188 of 189 links are healthy
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://transcend-cdn.com — Found in <link href>. Returns HTTP 404.

### Mixed Content (A+ — 100/100)

*No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS.*

- **[PASS]** No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS

### Open Graph (A — 95/100)

*Open Graph tags are well configured for social sharing.*

- **[INFO]** Missing og:site_name — The og:site_name tag displays the website name in social previews.

### Structured Data (C — 40/100)

*No structured data (JSON-LD) found.*

- **[INFO]** No structured data (JSON-LD) found — Adding structured data helps search engines understand your content and can enable rich results.

---

## Infrastructure

### DNS Records (A+ — 100/100)

*4 A records, 81 ms lookup*

- **[PASS]** Resolves to 4 IPv4 address(es)
- **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records
- **[PASS]** 4 nameserver(s) configured
- **[PASS]** 5 mail exchanger(s) configured
- **[INFO]** CAA records not checked — CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.
- **[PASS]** SPF record present in TXT
- **[PASS]** DNS resolution time: 81 ms

### Redirect Chain (A — 90/100)

*1 redirect(s), 466 ms total*

- **[PASS]** Single redirect
- **[INFO]** WWW normalization redirect

### IPv6 Readiness (C — 60/100)

*No IPv6 support*

- **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records found — IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.

### Crawlability (A+ — 100/100)

*robots.txt present, sitemap with 3 URLs*

- **[PASS]** robots.txt is present
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml is present
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml is valid XML
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml contains 3 entries
- **[PASS]** Sitemap index with 3 child sitemaps
- **[PASS]** robots.txt references sitemap

### URL Variants (B — 75/100)

*www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS*

- **[CRITICAL]** Both www and non-www versions serve content
- **[PASS]** HTTP correctly 301-redirects to HTTPS

### Domain Intelligence (A — 90/100)

*grammarly.com — via GoDaddy.com, LLC, 17 years old, hosted on AWS*

- **[WARNING]** Domain expires in 76 days — Consider enabling auto-renewal to prevent accidental expiration.
- **[INFO]** DNSSEC is not enabled — DNSSEC protects against DNS spoofing attacks. While not required, enabling DNSSEC adds an additional layer of security. Contact your DNS provider to enable it.
- **[PASS]** Registrar: GoDaddy.com, LLC
- **[WARNING]** Registrar lock is NOT enabled — The domain can be transferred without an unlock step. Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) in your registrar's control panel to protect against unauthorized or accidental transfers.
- **[PASS]** Hosting: AWS

---

## Compliance

### WCAG Compliance (A+ — 100/100)

*No testable criteria*


### Cookie Consent & Privacy (B — 80/100)

*No consent signals detected*

- **[WARNING]** No privacy policy link detected — A privacy policy page is recommended for transparency and may be legally required.
- **[INFO]** No terms of service link detected
- **[INFO]** No cookie consent banner detected
- **[INFO]** This is an automated check, not legal advice — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators of consent management. This does not constitute a legal compliance assessment. Consult a privacy professional for GDPR/CCPA compliance.

### Language & i18n (A — 90/100)

*Lang attribute present*

- **[PASS]** <html lang> attribute is present
- **[PASS]** <html lang> value is valid
- **[INFO]** No Content-Language HTTP header
- **[INFO]** Language signals are inconsistent — The <html lang> attribute and Content-Language header should agree.

### Readability & Typography (A+ — 100/100)

*Font sizes and tap targets checked*


### Viewport Configuration (A+ — 100/100)

*Viewport properly configured*

- **[PASS]** Viewport meta tag is present
- **[PASS]** width=device-width is set
- **[PASS]** User zooming is allowed

### Third-Party Trackers (D — 40/100)

*10 trackers detected*

- **[INFO]** 10 third-party trackers detected — Found 7 analytics, 2 advertising, 0 marketing, 1 tag manager trackers.
- **[WARNING]** 2 advertising/retargeting trackers detected — Advertising trackers collect user data for ad targeting. Under GDPR, these typically require explicit consent.
- **[WARNING]** Trackers detected but no cookie policy found — This page loads 10 trackers but no cookie policy was detected. GDPR requires disclosure when using tracking cookies.
- **[WARNING]** Trackers detected but no privacy policy found — Most data protection regulations require a privacy policy when collecting user data via trackers.

### Cookie & Tracker Inventory (A+ — 100/100)

*0 cookies · 10 trackers · 0 pre-consent*

- **[INFO]** 10 third-party tracker(s) detected on page

---

## Legal

### Legal Page Ecosystem (B — 70/100)

*3 of 7 expected legal pages detected*

- **[PASS]** Privacy Policy detected — Found at https://www.grammarly.com/privacy-policy.
- **[PASS]** Terms of Service detected — Found at https://www.grammarly.com/terms.
- **[INFO]** Cookie Policy not detected — No link matching common Cookie Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Cookie Policy, especially those collecting user data.
- **[PASS]** Accessibility Statement detected — Found at https://www.grammarly.com/accessibility-statement, linked from footer.
- **[INFO]** DMCA / Copyright Notice not detected — No link matching common DMCA / Copyright Notice URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a DMCA / Copyright Notice, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Refund / Returns Policy not detected — No link matching common Refund / Returns Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Refund / Returns Policy, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Acceptable Use Policy not detected — No link matching common Acceptable Use Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Acceptable Use Policy, especially those collecting user data.

### Copyright Notice (C — 55/100)

*No copyright notice detected*

- **[INFO]** No copyright notice detected — No copyright notice detected in the page content. While not legally required in most jurisdictions (copyright exists automatically), a notice is standard practice and signals site ownership.

### Regulatory Indicators

*4 regulatory indicator(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** This is a technical scan, not a legal assessment — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators that may suggest regulatory relevance. This is not a compliance audit and should not be relied upon for legal decisions. Consult qualified legal counsel for compliance assessments.
- **[INFO]** GDPR indicators detected (moderate confidence) — Indicators suggesting GDPR may be relevant: Privacy policy page found. EU General Data Protection Regulation — governs collection and processing of personal data of EU residents.
- **[INFO]** CCPA indicators detected (weak confidence) — Indicators suggesting CCPA may be relevant: Text mentions: do not sell. California Consumer Privacy Act — gives California residents rights over their personal data.
- **[INFO]** ADA indicators detected (moderate confidence) — Indicators suggesting ADA may be relevant: Accessibility statement page found. Americans with Disabilities Act / Section 508 — requires digital accessibility for people with disabilities.
- **[INFO]** HIPAA indicators detected (weak confidence) — Indicators suggesting HIPAA may be relevant: Text mentions: phi. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act — protects sensitive patient health information.

### Third-Party Data Sharing

*2 third-party service(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** Data inventory for transparency purposes — This inventory identifies third-party services that receive data from your site visitors. Under regulations like GDPR (Article 30), maintaining records of data processing activities is commonly considered a best practice. This automated scan provides a starting point — it may not capture all data flows.
- **[INFO]** 2 third-party services across 2 categories — 2 third-party services detected across 2 categories: Analytics (1), Tag Management (1). Each of these services receives some user data from your site visitors.
- **[INFO]** Google Analytics (Analytics) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Page views, User behavior, Demographics, Device info, IP address. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available.
- **[INFO]** Google Tag Manager (Tag Management) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Orchestrates other tracking scripts, Page views. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available.

### Compliance Badges (B — 70/100)

*1 compliance badge(s) detected*

- **[PASS]** TRUSTe / TrustArc badge detected — Found via body text: 'truste'. Note: the presence of a badge does not verify the certification is current or valid.

---

## Availability

### CDN & Delivery (A — 85/100)

*AWS CloudFront (Miss from cloudfront)*

- **[PASS]** Site is served via AWS CloudFront CDN (edge: CDG50-P5)
- **[INFO]** CDN cache status: Miss from cloudfront

### HTTP Caching (D — 40/100)

*no-store (uncacheable)*

- **[INFO]** Cache-Control: no-store prevents all caching — Intentional for dynamic content, but increases server load for every page view.
- **[INFO]** No ETag or Last-Modified header — Conditional requests (304 Not Modified) are not possible without validators.

### Transport Security (B — 75/100)

*HTTP/3, HSTS, and TLS version analysis*

- **[INFO]** HTTP/3 (QUIC) not advertised — HTTP/3 eliminates head-of-line blocking. If your CDN supports it, consider enabling it.
- **[WARNING]** Missing Strict-Transport-Security header — HSTS tells browsers to only use HTTPS, preventing SSL stripping attacks.
- **[PASS]** TLS 1.3 in use (fastest handshake, 1-RTT)

---

## Accessibility

### Landmark Structure (B — 75/100)

*8 landmarks*

- **[PASS]** <main> landmark present
- **[PASS]** 4 <nav> landmark(s) found
- **[WARNING]** 3 of 4 <nav> elements are unlabeled — Multiple navigations need aria-label to distinguish them for screen readers.
- **[WARNING]** Skip navigation link is missing (WCAG 2.4.1) — Add a skip link as the first focusable element so keyboard users can bypass repeated navigation.

### Heading Hierarchy (A+ — 100/100)

*26 headings*

- **[PASS]** Single H1 present

### Alt Text Quality (C — 60/100)

*4 of 57 images have issues*

- **[CRITICAL]** 4 image(s) missing alt attribute — Images without alt text are invisible to screen readers.
- **[PASS]** 18 decorative image(s) correctly marked
- **[PASS]** 35 image(s) with good alt text

### Form Accessibility (A+ — 100/100)

*All 1 controls labeled*

- **[PASS]** 1 control(s) properly labeled

### Link & Button Quality (C — 58/100)

*2 issue(s) across 205 links and 18 buttons*

- **[WARNING]** 2 link(s) with generic text — Generic link text like 'click here' doesn't describe the destination.
- **[CRITICAL]** 7 image-only link(s) without alt text — Image-only links need alt text on the image (or aria-label on the link) so screen readers can announce them.
- **[WARNING]** 14 link(s) open in new tab without warning — Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.
- **[PASS]** 182 link(s) with descriptive text

---

## UX

### 404 Error Page (C — 55/100)

*HTTP 404, custom page*

- **[PASS]** Correct 404 status code returned
- **[PASS]** Custom styled 404 page

### Favicon & Branding (C — 55/100)

*4 icon(s) detected*

- **[PASS]** favicon.ico present at site root
- **[PASS]** HTML icon links detected
- **[INFO]** No apple-touch-icon detected — iOS devices use this when users add your site to their home screen. Add <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='180x180' href='/apple-touch-icon.png'>.
- **[PASS]** Multiple icon sizes detected

### Web Manifest (D — 40/100)

*Not found*

- **[INFO]** No web manifest found — No manifest at standard paths (/manifest.json, /site.webmanifest). A manifest is optional but enables PWA features like home screen installation and standalone display.

### Dark Mode Support (D — 40/100)

*No dark mode signals*

- **[INFO]** No dark mode signals detected — Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.
- **[INFO]** Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles — External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.

### Print Stylesheet (D — 40/100)

*No print styles*

- **[INFO]** No print-specific styles detected — When users print this page, they get the screen layout including navigation and non-essential elements. Add @media print rules to hide navigation and optimize layout for paper.

### Navigation UX (F — 20/100)

*No navigation patterns*

- **[PASS]** 4 navigation landmark(s) detected
- **[PASS]** Hamburger menu detected (responsive design)
- **[INFO]** No breadcrumbs, search, or skip link detected — These navigation aids help users orient themselves and find content efficiently, especially on large sites.

---

## SEO

### Canonical URL (A+ — 95/100)

*Properly configured*

- **[PASS]** Canonical tag present
- **[PASS]** Canonical is self-referencing
- **[PASS]** Canonical matches final URL after redirects
- **[PASS]** Canonical target returns 200
- **[INFO]** Canonical points to a different domain

### Meta Tags (A — 85/100)

*Title: 14 chars*

- **[PASS]** Page title is set
- **[WARNING]** Title is only 14 characters — consider expanding
- **[INFO]** Title and H1 have very different wording — Alignment helps users confirm they've reached the right page.

### Content Depth (A — 85/100)

*1228 words, Very Difficult*

- **[PASS]** Page has 1228 words — good depth for search engines
- **[INFO]** Text-to-HTML ratio is 2% — Very low ratio suggests heavy framework overhead or boilerplate.
- **[INFO]** Reading level: Very Difficult (grade 21)

### Internal Links (C — 65/100)

*0 internal, 205 external*

- **[WARNING]** No internal links found — Internal links help search engines discover and rank your other pages.
- **[PASS]** 99% of links use descriptive anchor text
- **[INFO]** Page has 205 links — consider reducing
- **[INFO]** 0 internal / 205 external links
- **[WARNING]** Dead-end page — no outgoing internal links

### Image SEO (A+ — 95/100)

*57 images, 57 descriptive filenames*

- **[PASS]** All images have descriptive filenames
- **[INFO]** 7 image(s) missing alt text — see Accessibility tab

### Hreflang

*0 hreflang tags*


---

## Sustainability

### CO2 Per Page Load (F — 30/100)

*1.64g CO2 per view*

- **[WARNING]** 1.64g CO2 per page view — This page transfers 5.8 MB, producing an estimated 1.64g of CO2 per visit using the Sustainable Web Design model (v4). Breakdown: data center 0.30g, network 0.28g, end-user device 1.05g.
- **[INFO]** At 10,000 monthly views: 196.6 kg CO2/year — With 10,000 page views per month, this page would generate approximately 196.6 kg of CO2 annually — equivalent to charging 24580 smartphones.

### Green Hosting (D — 40/100)

*Not green*

- **[INFO]** No confirmed renewable energy commitment detected — Consider providers like Cloudflare, Google Cloud, or Vercel that match 100% of their energy use with renewables.
- **[INFO]** AWS: Renewable energy varies by region; committed to 100% by 2025
- **[INFO]** AWS CloudFront: Renewable varies by edge location
- **[INFO]** Green hosting status based on known provider commitments — Green hosting detection uses a curated database of provider renewable energy commitments. This is not a real-time verification. For authoritative checks, visit thegreenwebfoundation.org.

### Repeat Visit Weight (A+ — 100/100)

*99% cached*

- **[PASS]** 99% reduction on repeat visits — Returning visitors download only 64 KB (vs 5925 KB first visit). 89 of 90 resources are served from browser cache, saving 1.62g CO2 per repeat visit.
- **[INFO]** Repeat visit: 0.02g CO2 (first visit: 1.64g)

### Carbon Budget (F — 30/100)

*79th percentile*

- **[WARNING]** 1.64g CO2 — above the median website (0.60g) — Heavier than an estimated 21% of websites. Reducing page weight, optimizing images, and removing unused JavaScript would lower the carbon footprint. See the Performance tab.
- **[INFO]** Estimated 79th percentile — Compared to: top 10% = 0.20g, target = 0.50g, median = 0.60g per page view.

### Transfer Efficiency (B — 80/100)

*83% efficient*

- **[INFO]** Transfer efficiency: 83% — An estimated 999 KB (17%) could be eliminated: 0 KB via better compression, 0 KB via modern image formats, 999 KB of unused JavaScript. This wasted data produces 0.28g of unnecessary CO2 per page view.

---

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*Generated by [BeaverCheck](https://beavercheck.com) — https://beavercheck.com/results/a7626c20-f87c-4a12-ae31-3e29a4a6fefe*
