# BeaverCheck Audit Report — https://www.twosigma.com

**Date:** April 7, 2026  
**URL:** https://www.twosigma.com  
**Overall Grade:** C (75/100)  
**Report:** https://beavercheck.com/results/c14dee19-abd5-b114-4c9d-df15bd75f7d1

## Top Findings

1. **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — Security > Security Headers
2. **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — Security > Content Security Policy
3. **[CRITICAL]** Page weighs 21.1 MB (10.6 MB transferred) — Performance > Page Weight Budget
4. **[CRITICAL]** 1 control(s) without accessible label — Accessibility > Form Accessibility
5. **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy header is missing — Security > Security Headers

---

## Lighthouse Scores

| Category | Score |
|----------|-------|
| Performance | 51 |
| Accessibility | 89 |
| Best Practices | 81 |
| SEO | 92 |

---

## Security

### Security Headers (F — 35/100)

*3 of 10 headers properly configured*

- **[WARNING]** HSTS max-age is too short (0s, should be ≥ 31536000s) — A short max-age leaves a window for downgrade attacks. Set max-age to at least 31536000 (1 year).
- **[PASS]** X-Content-Type-Options is properly configured
- **[PASS]** X-Frame-Options is properly configured
- **[WARNING]** Referrer-Policy header is missing — Controls how much referrer information is sent with requests. Set to 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin' or stricter.
- **[WARNING]** Permissions-Policy header is missing — Controls which browser features (camera, microphone, geolocation) are allowed. Set it to restrict unused features.
- **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — CSP is the most important header for preventing XSS attacks. See the CSP section for detailed analysis.
- **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header is missing — COOP isolates your browsing context, preventing cross-origin side-channel attacks. Set to 'same-origin'.
- **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy header is missing — COEP prevents loading cross-origin resources without explicit permission. Required for SharedArrayBuffer and high-resolution timers.
- **[WARNING]** X-Powered-By header reveals technology stack — This header discloses server technology (e.g. Express, PHP), helping attackers target known vulnerabilities. Remove it.
- **[PASS]** Server header is present without version info

### Content Security Policy (F — 0/100)

*No enforcing CSP policy found*

- **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — CSP is the most effective defense against XSS attacks. Add a Content-Security-Policy header to restrict resource loading.

### TLS & Certificates (A+ — 100/100)

*TLS 1.3, 7 checks passed*

- **[PASS]** TLS 1.3 is used
- **[PASS]** Strong cipher suite is used
- **[INFO]** HTTP/2 is not negotiated — HTTP/2 provides multiplexing and header compression for better performance.
- **[PASS]** Certificate is valid (expires in 238 days)
- **[PASS]** Certificate chain has 3 certificates
- **[PASS]** Certificate uses modern signature algorithm
- **[PASS]** Certificate covers 1 domain(s)
- **[PASS]** Certificate is issued by a trusted CA

### Cookie Security (A+ — 100/100)

*1 cookies analyzed, 3 checks passed*

- **[PASS]** Cookie '__cf_bm' has the Secure flag
- **[PASS]** Cookie '__cf_bm' has the HttpOnly flag
- **[PASS]** Cookie '__cf_bm' has SameSite=None

---

## Advanced Security

### Subresource Integrity (D — 40/100)

*1 of 3 external resources have SRI*

- **[PASS]** script from www.gstatic.com has SRI protection
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.
- **[WARNING]** External script from www.google.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.

### JS Library Vulnerabilities (A+ — 100/100)

*No known vulnerabilities*

- **[PASS]** No known JavaScript library vulnerabilities detected

### Information Leakage (A+ — 100/100)

*No exposures*

- **[PASS]** security.txt is present — good practice
- **[PASS]** No sensitive files exposed

### Email Security (F — 30/100)

*No DMARC*

- **[WARNING]** No DMARC record found — Without DMARC, email receivers have no policy for handling authentication failures.

### Permissions-Policy (D — 40/100)

*No header set*

- **[WARNING]** No Permissions-Policy header — Consider adding a Permissions-Policy header to restrict browser feature access from embedded content.

### CORS Configuration (B — 80/100)

*No CORS headers*

- **[PASS]** No CORS headers present — secure default

---

## Performance

### Page Weight Budget (F — 0/100)

*10.6 MB transferred, 71 requests*

- **[CRITICAL]** Page weighs 21.1 MB (10.6 MB transferred)
- **[WARNING]** JavaScript is 1.1 MB — consider code splitting or lazy loading — Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
- **[INFO]** Fonts are 512 KB — consider subsetting or using system fonts — Subset fonts to include only used characters, or switch to system font stacks.
- **[INFO]** 71 HTTP requests
- **[INFO]** Estimated 2.2 g CO2 per page load

### Third-Party Impact (A+ — 100/100)

*8% third-party, 0 ms blocking*

- **[INFO]** Third-party code accounts for 8% of page weight (915.8 KiB of 10.6 MiB)
- **[PASS]** Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)

### Text Compression (A+ — 100/100)

*All text resources are compressed*

- **[PASS]** All text resources are compressed

### Image Optimization (C — 60/100)

*15 images, 0 KB saveable*

- **[WARNING]** https://www.twosigma.com/wp-content/themes/tsmb/as... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.twosigma.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/1... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.twosigma.com/wp-content/themes/tsmb/as... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.twosigma.com/wp-content/themes/tsmb/as... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.twosigma.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/0... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.twosigma.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/1... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.twosigma.com/wp-content/themes/tsmb/as... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift — Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

### JS Execution Cost (F — 20/100)

*13047ms total JS execution*

- **[WARNING]** https://www.twosigma.com/: 9508ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** Unattributable: 1259ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/kUYUkUl...: 1193ms CPU time
- **[WARNING]** https://www.twosigma.com/wp-content/themes/tsmb/as...: 708ms CPU time
- **[INFO]** https://www.twosigma.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platfor...: 218ms CPU time
- **[INFO]** Third-party scripts: 2548ms (20% of total)

### Font Loading (A+ — 100/100)

*4 fonts (512 KB)*

- **[INFO]** 4 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

### JS Bundles (F — 20/100)

*20 scripts, 712 KB unused*

- **[WARNING]** https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/kUYUkUl...: 161 KB unused (44%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/kUYUkUl...: 161 KB unused (44%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/kUYUkUl...: 161 KB unused (44%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.twosigma.com/wp-content/themes/tsmb/as...: 132 KB unused (64%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-161...: 75 KB unused (65%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
- **[INFO]** Total unused JavaScript: 712 KB

### Resource Caching (A+ — 100/100)

*All resources properly cached*

- **[PASS]** No caching issues found

### Critical Rendering Path (A+ — 100/100)

*No render-blocking resources*

- **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected

### Resource Hints (A+ — 100/100)

*No optimization needed*

- **[PASS]** No resource hint issues

### Render-Blocking Resources (A+ — 100/100)

*No render-blocking resources detected*

- **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected in <head>

### Third-Party Resources (A+ — 100/100)

*No third-party resources detected*


---

## Content Quality

### Links (A — 90/100)

*100 links checked, 98 healthy, 2 broken*

- **[WARNING]** 98 of 100 links are healthy
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://www.twosigma.com/wp-content/themes/tsmb/humans.txt — Found in <link href>. Returns HTTP 404.
- **[WARNING]** Broken link: https://www.twosigma.com/xmlrpc.php — Found in <link href>. Returns HTTP 405.

### Mixed Content (B — 80/100)

*1 HTTP resource(s) loaded on HTTPS page*

- **[CRITICAL]** HTTP link loaded on HTTPS page — Modern browsers block or warn about HTTP resources on HTTPS pages. Change the URL to use HTTPS.

### Open Graph (B — 85/100)

*Open Graph tags are partially configured — some improvements recommended.*

- **[WARNING]** Missing og:image — The og:image tag provides a preview image for social sharing.
- **[INFO]** og:title is short (9 characters) — Ideal length is 25–60 characters for social sharing previews.

### Structured Data (A+ — 100/100)

*1 JSON-LD block(s) found — structured data is well configured.*

- **[PASS]** Custom type "WebPage" — unable to validate specific properties

---

## Infrastructure

### DNS Records (B — 80/100)

*2 A records, 29 ms lookup*

- **[PASS]** Resolves to 2 IPv4 address(es)
- **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records
- **[WARNING]** CNAME record at zone apex — A CNAME at the zone apex can break MX and NS records. Use ALIAS/ANAME or A records instead.
- **[INFO]** No NS records found
- **[INFO]** No MX records — email not configured via DNS
- **[INFO]** CAA records not checked — CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.
- **[INFO]** No SPF record found in TXT records — SPF helps prevent email spoofing. Add a TXT record starting with 'v=spf1'.
- **[PASS]** DNS resolution time: 29 ms

### Redirect Chain (A+ — 100/100)

*No redirects — direct access*

- **[PASS]** No redirects — direct access

### IPv6 Readiness (C — 60/100)

*No IPv6 support*

- **[INFO]** No IPv6 (AAAA) records found — IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.

### Crawlability (A+ — 100/100)

*robots.txt present, sitemap with 21 URLs*

- **[PASS]** robots.txt is present
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml is present
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml is valid XML
- **[PASS]** sitemap.xml contains 21 entries
- **[PASS]** Sitemap index with 21 child sitemaps
- **[PASS]** robots.txt references sitemap

### URL Variants (A+ — 100/100)

*www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS*

- **[PASS]** www/non-www redirect configured correctly (preferred: www)
- **[PASS]** HTTP correctly 301-redirects to HTTPS

### Domain Intelligence (A+ — 100/100)

*twosigma.com — via Gandi SAS, 25 years, 5 months old, hosted on Cloudflare*

- **[PASS]** Domain registered until Mar 9, 2027 (11 months remaining)
- **[INFO]** DNSSEC is not enabled — DNSSEC protects against DNS spoofing attacks. While not required, enabling DNSSEC adds an additional layer of security. Contact your DNS provider to enable it.
- **[PASS]** Registrar: Gandi SAS
- **[PASS]** Hosting: Cloudflare

---

## Compliance

### WCAG Compliance (A+ — 100/100)

*No testable criteria*


### Cookie Consent & Privacy (A+ — 100/100)

*privacy policy found*

- **[PASS]** Privacy policy link found
- **[PASS]** Terms of service link found
- **[INFO]** No cookie consent banner detected
- **[PASS]** 1 cookie(s) set on initial load (functional)
- **[INFO]** This is an automated check, not legal advice — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators of consent management. This does not constitute a legal compliance assessment. Consult a privacy professional for GDPR/CCPA compliance.

### Language & i18n (A — 90/100)

*Lang attribute present*

- **[PASS]** <html lang> attribute is present
- **[PASS]** <html lang> value is valid
- **[INFO]** No Content-Language HTTP header
- **[INFO]** Language signals are inconsistent — The <html lang> attribute and Content-Language header should agree.

### Readability & Typography (A+ — 100/100)

*Font sizes and tap targets checked*


### Viewport Configuration (A+ — 100/100)

*Viewport properly configured*

- **[PASS]** Viewport meta tag is present
- **[PASS]** width=device-width is set
- **[PASS]** User zooming is allowed

### Third-Party Trackers (A+ — 95/100)

*2 trackers detected*

- **[INFO]** 2 third-party trackers detected — Found 1 analytics, 0 advertising, 0 marketing, 1 tag manager trackers.

---

## Legal

### Legal Page Ecosystem (B — 70/100)

*3 of 7 expected legal pages detected*

- **[PASS]** Privacy Policy detected — Found at https://www.twosigma.com/privacy-policies/?entity=two-sigma-investments-lp&disclosure=privacy-policy, linked from footer.
- **[PASS]** Terms of Service detected — Found at https://www.twosigma.com/legal-disclosure/cookies-policy/.
- **[INFO]** Cookie Policy not detected — No link matching common Cookie Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Cookie Policy, especially those collecting user data.
- **[PASS]** Accessibility Statement detected — Found at https://www.twosigma.com/accessibility-statement/, linked from footer.
- **[INFO]** DMCA / Copyright Notice not detected — No link matching common DMCA / Copyright Notice URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a DMCA / Copyright Notice, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Refund / Returns Policy not detected — No link matching common Refund / Returns Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Refund / Returns Policy, especially those collecting user data.
- **[INFO]** Acceptable Use Policy not detected — No link matching common Acceptable Use Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Acceptable Use Policy, especially those collecting user data.

### Copyright Notice (A+ — 100/100)

*© 2026 Two Sigma Investments*

- **[PASS]** Copyright notice is up to date — Copyright notice is up to date: © 2026 Two Sigma Investments
- **[PASS]** Copyright holder: Two Sigma Investments

### Regulatory Indicators

*2 regulatory indicator(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** This is a technical scan, not a legal assessment — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators that may suggest regulatory relevance. This is not a compliance audit and should not be relied upon for legal decisions. Consult qualified legal counsel for compliance assessments.
- **[INFO]** GDPR indicators detected (moderate confidence) — Indicators suggesting GDPR may be relevant: Privacy policy page found. EU General Data Protection Regulation — governs collection and processing of personal data of EU residents.
- **[INFO]** ADA indicators detected (moderate confidence) — Indicators suggesting ADA may be relevant: Accessibility statement page found. Americans with Disabilities Act / Section 508 — requires digital accessibility for people with disabilities.

### Third-Party Data Sharing

*3 third-party service(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** Data inventory for transparency purposes — This inventory identifies third-party services that receive data from your site visitors. Under regulations like GDPR (Article 30), maintaining records of data processing activities is commonly considered a best practice. This automated scan provides a starting point — it may not capture all data flows.
- **[INFO]** 3 third-party services across 3 categories — 3 third-party services detected across 3 categories: Analytics (1), CDN (1), Security (1). Each of these services receives some user data from your site visitors.
- **[INFO]** Google Analytics (Analytics) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Page views, User behavior, Demographics, Device info, IP address. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available.
- **[INFO]** Cloudflare (CDN) — Detected via cookie name. Typically collects: IP address (transient), Request metadata. Privacy policy: https://www.cloudflare.com/privacypolicy/. Data Processing Agreement available.
- **[INFO]** reCAPTCHA (Security) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Browser behavior, Device info, IP address. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available.

### Compliance Badges (C — 55/100)

*0 compliance badge(s) detected*

- **[INFO]** No compliance badges detected — No recognized compliance certification badges or seals were found. This is common — many sites do not display compliance badges.

---

## Availability

### CDN & Delivery (A+ — 100/100)

*Cloudflare (HIT)*

- **[PASS]** Site is served via Cloudflare CDN (edge: MAD)
- **[PASS]** CDN cache status: HIT

### HTTP Caching (A+ — 95/100)

*max-age=600 (10 minutes)*

- **[PASS]** Cache-Control header is set
- **[PASS]** Effective TTL: 10 minutes (max-age=600)
- **[PASS]** Last-Modified header present

### Transport Security (A — 85/100)

*HTTP/3, HSTS, and TLS version analysis*

- **[PASS]** HTTP/3 (QUIC) supported — The server advertises HTTP/3 via Alt-Svc for faster connections on mobile networks.
- **[WARNING]** HSTS max-age is short: 0 days — HSTS max-age should be at least 1 year (31536000 seconds).
- **[PASS]** TLS 1.3 in use (fastest handshake, 1-RTT)

---

## Accessibility

### Landmark Structure (A+ — 100/100)

*8 landmarks*

- **[PASS]** <main> landmark present
- **[PASS]** 1 <nav> landmark(s) found
- **[PASS]** Skip navigation link present

### Heading Hierarchy (A — 85/100)

*21 headings, 1 skip(s)*

- **[PASS]** Single H1 present
- **[WARNING]** Heading level skipped: H2 → H6 (missing H3) — Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

### Alt Text Quality (A+ — 100/100)

*All 11 images OK*

- **[PASS]** 7 decorative image(s) correctly marked
- **[PASS]** 4 image(s) with good alt text

### Form Accessibility (A — 85/100)

*1 of 3 controls have issues*

- **[CRITICAL]** 1 control(s) without accessible label — Form controls need a <label>, aria-label, or aria-labelledby for screen readers.
- **[PASS]** 2 control(s) properly labeled

### Link & Button Quality (C — 68/100)

*6 issue(s) across 76 links and 17 buttons*

- **[WARNING]** 6 link(s) with generic text — Generic link text like 'click here' doesn't describe the destination.
- **[WARNING]** 6 link(s) open in new tab without warning — Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.
- **[PASS]** 64 link(s) with descriptive text

---

## UX

### 404 Error Page (A — 90/100)

*HTTP 404, custom page*

- **[PASS]** Correct 404 status code returned
- **[PASS]** Custom styled 404 page
- **[PASS]** Navigation links present on 404 page
- **[PASS]** Homepage link present on 404 page
- **[PASS]** Search form present on 404 page

### Favicon & Branding (F — 30/100)

*2 icon(s) detected*

- **[PASS]** favicon.ico present at site root
- **[PASS]** HTML icon links detected
- **[INFO]** No apple-touch-icon detected — iOS devices use this when users add your site to their home screen. Add <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='180x180' href='/apple-touch-icon.png'>.

### Web Manifest (D — 40/100)

*Not found*

- **[INFO]** No web manifest found — No manifest at standard paths (/manifest.json, /site.webmanifest). A manifest is optional but enables PWA features like home screen installation and standalone display.

### Dark Mode Support (D — 40/100)

*No dark mode signals*

- **[INFO]** No dark mode signals detected — Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.
- **[INFO]** Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles — External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.

### Print Stylesheet (D — 40/100)

*No print styles*

- **[INFO]** No print-specific styles detected — When users print this page, they get the screen layout including navigation and non-essential elements. Add @media print rules to hide navigation and optimize layout for paper.

### Navigation UX (F — 35/100)

*1 navigation pattern(s)*

- **[PASS]** Skip navigation link detected
- **[PASS]** 1 navigation landmark(s) detected
- **[PASS]** Hamburger menu detected (responsive design)

---

## SEO

### Canonical URL (A+ — 100/100)

*Properly configured*

- **[PASS]** Canonical tag present
- **[PASS]** Canonical is self-referencing
- **[PASS]** Canonical matches final URL after redirects
- **[PASS]** Canonical target returns 200

### Meta Tags (A — 90/100)

*Title: 9 chars*

- **[PASS]** Page title is set
- **[WARNING]** Title is only 9 characters — consider expanding
- **[PASS]** Title and H1 are well-aligned

### Content Depth (C — 65/100)

*579 words, Very Difficult*

- **[PASS]** Page has 579 words of content
- **[INFO]** Text-to-HTML ratio is 5% — Very low ratio suggests heavy framework overhead or boilerplate.
- **[INFO]** Reading level: Very Difficult (grade 16)

### Internal Links (A — 90/100)

*67 internal, 9 external*

- **[PASS]** 67 internal links (88%)
- **[PASS]** 92% of links use descriptive anchor text
- **[INFO]** 67 internal / 9 external links
- **[WARNING]** 6 internal links use generic anchor text

### Image SEO (A+ — 100/100)

*11 images, 11 descriptive filenames*

- **[PASS]** All images have descriptive filenames

### Hreflang

*0 hreflang tags*


---

## Sustainability

### CO2 Per Page Load (F — 30/100)

*2.50g CO2 per view*

- **[CRITICAL]** 2.50g CO2 per page view — This page transfers 10.6 MB, producing an estimated 2.50g of CO2 per visit using the Sustainable Web Design model (v4). Breakdown: data center 0.06g, network 0.52g, end-user device 1.92g.
- **[INFO]** At 10,000 monthly views: 299.9 kg CO2/year — With 10,000 page views per month, this page would generate approximately 299.9 kg of CO2 annually — equivalent to charging 37485 smartphones.
- **[PASS]** Green hosting reduces data center emissions

### Green Hosting (A+ — 100/100)

*Green (both)*

- **[PASS]** Both hosting and CDN use renewable energy
- **[INFO]** WP Engine: Verified by the Green Web Foundation
- **[INFO]** Cloudflare: 100% renewable energy for global network since 2019
- **[INFO]** Green hosting status based on known provider commitments — Green hosting detection uses a curated database of provider renewable energy commitments. This is not a real-time verification. For authoritative checks, visit thegreenwebfoundation.org.

### Repeat Visit Weight (A+ — 100/100)

*100% cached*

- **[PASS]** 100% reduction on repeat visits — Returning visitors download only 43 KB (vs 10811 KB first visit). 69 of 71 resources are served from browser cache, saving 2.49g CO2 per repeat visit.
- **[INFO]** Repeat visit: 0.01g CO2 (first visit: 2.50g)

### Carbon Budget (F — 15/100)

*95th percentile*

- **[WARNING]** 2.50g CO2 — above the median website (0.60g) — Heavier than an estimated 5% of websites. Reducing page weight, optimizing images, and removing unused JavaScript would lower the carbon footprint. See the Performance tab.
- **[INFO]** Estimated 95th percentile — Compared to: top 10% = 0.20g, target = 0.50g, median = 0.60g per page view.

### Transfer Efficiency (A+ — 100/100)

*93% efficient*

- **[PASS]** Transfer efficiency: 93% — Only 711 KB of potential savings identified. Your page is well-optimized for size.

---

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*Generated by [BeaverCheck](https://beavercheck.com) — https://beavercheck.com/results/c14dee19-abd5-b114-4c9d-df15bd75f7d1*