# BeaverCheck Audit Report — https://www.yale.edu **Date:** April 7, 2026 **URL:** https://www.yale.edu **Overall Grade:** C (79/100) **Report:** https://beavercheck.com/results/fccd2d4f-09ce-53dc-2faf-6588e480e407 ## Top Findings 1. **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — Security > Security Headers 2. **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — Security > Content Security Policy 3. **[CRITICAL]** 1 control(s) without accessible label — Accessibility > Form Accessibility 4. **[CRITICAL]** 4 button(s) with no accessible text — Accessibility > Link & Button Quality 5. **[CRITICAL]** 7 image-only link(s) without alt text — Accessibility > Link & Button Quality --- ## Lighthouse Scores | Category | Score | |----------|-------| | Performance | 38 | | Accessibility | 88 | | Best Practices | 96 | | SEO | 100 | --- ## Security ### Security Headers (D — 45/100) *4 of 10 headers properly configured* - **[WARNING]** HSTS is missing includeSubDomains — Without includeSubDomains, subdomains can still be accessed over HTTP. - **[PASS]** X-Content-Type-Options is properly configured - **[PASS]** X-Frame-Options is properly configured - **[WARNING]** Referrer-Policy header is missing — Controls how much referrer information is sent with requests. Set to 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin' or stricter. - **[WARNING]** Permissions-Policy header is missing — Controls which browser features (camera, microphone, geolocation) are allowed. Set it to restrict unused features. - **[CRITICAL]** Content-Security-Policy header is missing — CSP is the most important header for preventing XSS attacks. See the CSP section for detailed analysis. - **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header is missing — COOP isolates your browsing context, preventing cross-origin side-channel attacks. Set to 'same-origin'. - **[WARNING]** Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy header is missing — COEP prevents loading cross-origin resources without explicit permission. Required for SharedArrayBuffer and high-resolution timers. - **[PASS]** X-Powered-By header is not present - **[PASS]** Server header is present without version info ### Content Security Policy (F — 0/100) *No enforcing CSP policy found* - **[CRITICAL]** No Content-Security-Policy header found — CSP is the most effective defense against XSS attacks. Add a Content-Security-Policy header to restrict resource loading. ### TLS & Certificates (A — 90/100) *TLS 1.2, 7 checks passed* - **[PASS]** TLS 1.2 is used - **[INFO]** TLS 1.3 is not negotiated — TLS 1.3 offers improved performance and security. Consider enabling it. - **[PASS]** Strong cipher suite is used - **[INFO]** HTTP/2 is not negotiated — HTTP/2 provides multiplexing and header compression for better performance. - **[PASS]** Certificate is valid (expires in 28 days) - **[WARNING]** Certificate expires soon (28 days remaining) — Renew the certificate before it expires to avoid browser warnings. - **[PASS]** Certificate chain has 2 certificates - **[PASS]** Certificate uses modern signature algorithm - **[PASS]** Certificate covers 1 domain(s) - **[PASS]** Certificate is issued by a trusted CA ### Cookie Security (A+ — 100/100) *No cookies set — no cookie security risks* - **[PASS]** No cookies set — no cookie security risks --- ## Advanced Security ### Subresource Integrity (D — 40/100) *1 of 8 external resources have SRI* - **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.google-analytics.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from siteimproveanalytics.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from www.googletagmanager.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External link from maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[WARNING]** External script from ajax.googleapis.com lacks integrity attribute — Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code. - **[PASS]** script from js-agent.newrelic.com has SRI protection ### JS Library Vulnerabilities (A+ — 100/100) *No known vulnerabilities* - **[PASS]** No known JavaScript library vulnerabilities detected ### Information Leakage (A+ — 100/100) *No exposures* - **[INFO]** No security.txt found — Consider adding a security.txt at /.well-known/security.txt. - **[PASS]** No sensitive files exposed ### Email Security (F — 30/100) *No DMARC* - **[WARNING]** No DMARC record found — Without DMARC, email receivers have no policy for handling authentication failures. ### Permissions-Policy (D — 40/100) *No header set* - **[WARNING]** No Permissions-Policy header — Consider adding a Permissions-Policy header to restrict browser feature access from embedded content. ### CORS Configuration (B — 80/100) *No CORS headers* - **[PASS]** No CORS headers present — secure default --- ## Performance ### Page Weight Budget (B — 73/100) *1.4 MB transferred, 58 requests* - **[PASS]** Page weighs 3.0 MB (1.4 MB transferred) - **[WARNING]** JavaScript is 696 KB — consider code splitting or lazy loading — Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts. - **[INFO]** Fonts are 399 KB — consider subsetting or using system fonts — Subset fonts to include only used characters, or switch to system font stacks. - **[INFO]** 58 HTTP requests - **[INFO]** Estimated 0.30 g CO2 per page load ### Third-Party Impact (A — 85/100) *35% third-party, 0 ms blocking* - **[INFO]** Third-party code accounts for 35% of page weight (513.7 KiB of 1.4 MiB) - **[PASS]** Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms) ### Text Compression (A+ — 100/100) *All text resources are compressed* - **[PASS]** All text resources are compressed ### Image Optimization (B — 80/100) *17 images, 0 KB saveable* - **[PASS]** All images are well-optimized ### JS Execution Cost (D — 40/100) *3449ms total JS execution* - **[WARNING]** https://www.yale.edu/sites/all/themes/yale_blue/js...: 877ms CPU time - **[WARNING]** https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10....: 459ms CPU time - **[WARNING]** Unattributable: 422ms CPU time - **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-D491...: 387ms CPU time - **[INFO]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MCL...: 218ms CPU time - **[WARNING]** Third-party scripts: 2147ms (62% of total) ### Font Loading (A+ — 100/100) *6 fonts (399 KB)* - **[INFO]** 6 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional) ### JS Bundles (C — 60/100) *17 scripts, 264 KB unused* - **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MCL...: 65 KB unused (52%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code. - **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-991...: 64 KB unused (56%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code. - **[WARNING]** https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-D491...: 64 KB unused (42%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code. - **[WARNING]** https://www.yale.edu/sites/all/themes/yale_blue/js...: 38 KB unused (52%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code. - **[WARNING]** https://www.yale.edu/sites/default/files/googleana...: 34 KB unused (62%) — Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code. - **[INFO]** Total unused JavaScript: 264 KB ### Resource Caching (A+ — 100/100) *All resources properly cached* - **[PASS]** No caching issues found ### Critical Rendering Path (A+ — 100/100) *No render-blocking resources* - **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected ### Resource Hints (A+ — 100/100) *No optimization needed* - **[PASS]** No resource hint issues ### Render-Blocking Resources (A+ — 100/100) *No render-blocking resources detected* - **[PASS]** No render-blocking resources detected in ### Third-Party Resources (A+ — 100/100) *No third-party resources detected* --- ## Content Quality ### Links (A — 93/100) *143 links checked, 141 healthy, 1 broken* - **[WARNING]** 141 of 143 links are healthy - **[INFO]** Long redirect chain: http://www.youtube.com/yale (3 hops) - **[CRITICAL]** Broken link: https://www.yale.edu/contact-us/contact-web-editor — Found in . Returns HTTP 403. ### Mixed Content (A+ — 100/100) *No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS.* - **[PASS]** No mixed content detected — all resources use HTTPS ### Open Graph (B — 85/100) *Open Graph tags are partially configured — some improvements recommended.* - **[WARNING]** Missing og:image — The og:image tag provides a preview image for social sharing. - **[INFO]** og:title is short (15 characters) — Ideal length is 25–60 characters for social sharing previews. ### Structured Data (C — 40/100) *No structured data (JSON-LD) found.* - **[INFO]** No structured data (JSON-LD) found — Adding structured data helps search engines understand your content and can enable rich results. --- ## Infrastructure ### DNS Records (B — 80/100) *4 A records, 95 ms lookup* - **[PASS]** Resolves to 4 IPv4 address(es) - **[PASS]** Has 4 IPv6 (AAAA) record(s) - **[WARNING]** CNAME record at zone apex — A CNAME at the zone apex can break MX and NS records. Use ALIAS/ANAME or A records instead. - **[INFO]** No NS records found - **[INFO]** No MX records — email not configured via DNS - **[INFO]** CAA records not checked — CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update. - **[INFO]** No SPF record found in TXT records — SPF helps prevent email spoofing. Add a TXT record starting with 'v=spf1'. - **[PASS]** DNS resolution time: 95 ms ### Redirect Chain (A+ — 100/100) *No redirects — direct access* - **[PASS]** No redirects — direct access ### IPv6 Readiness (A+ — 100/100) *IPv6 reachable (1 ms)* - **[PASS]** IPv6 is configured and reachable at 2a04:4e42::645, 2a04:4e42:200::645, 2a04:4e42:400::645, 2a04:4e42:600::645 ### Crawlability (B — 80/100) *robots.txt present, no sitemap* - **[PASS]** robots.txt is present - **[INFO]** No sitemap.xml found — A sitemap helps search engines discover and index your pages more efficiently. - **[INFO]** robots.txt does not reference a sitemap — Add a 'Sitemap:' directive to robots.txt so search engines can discover your sitemap. ### URL Variants (A+ — 100/100) *www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS* - **[PASS]** www/non-www redirect configured correctly (preferred: www) - **[PASS]** HTTP correctly 301-redirects to HTTPS ### Domain Intelligence (A+ — 100/100) *yale.edu — 39 years, 7 months old* - **[PASS]** Domain registered until Jul 31, 2027 (1 years, 3 months remaining) --- ## Compliance ### WCAG Compliance (A+ — 100/100) *No testable criteria* ### Cookie Consent & Privacy (B — 80/100) *No consent signals detected* - **[WARNING]** No privacy policy link detected — A privacy policy page is recommended for transparency and may be legally required. - **[INFO]** No terms of service link detected - **[INFO]** No cookie consent banner detected - **[INFO]** This is an automated check, not legal advice — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators of consent management. This does not constitute a legal compliance assessment. Consult a privacy professional for GDPR/CCPA compliance. ### Language & i18n (A+ — 100/100) *Lang attribute + Content-Language header* - **[PASS]** attribute is present - **[PASS]** value is valid - **[PASS]** Content-Language header is set - **[PASS]** Language signals are consistent ### Readability & Typography (A+ — 100/100) *Font sizes and tap targets checked* ### Viewport Configuration (A+ — 100/100) *Viewport properly configured* - **[PASS]** Viewport meta tag is present - **[PASS]** width=device-width is set - **[PASS]** User zooming is allowed ### Third-Party Trackers (C — 55/100) *3 trackers detected* - **[INFO]** 3 third-party trackers detected — Found 2 analytics, 0 advertising, 0 marketing, 1 tag manager trackers. - **[WARNING]** Trackers detected but no cookie policy found — This page loads 3 trackers but no cookie policy was detected. GDPR requires disclosure when using tracking cookies. - **[WARNING]** Trackers detected but no privacy policy found — Most data protection regulations require a privacy policy when collecting user data via trackers. --- ## Legal ### Legal Page Ecosystem (F — 30/100) *1 of 7 expected legal pages detected* - **[PASS]** Privacy Policy detected — Found at https://privacy.yale.edu/resources/privacy-statement. - **[WARNING]** Terms of Service not detected — No link matching common Terms of Service URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Terms of Service, especially those collecting user data. - **[INFO]** Cookie Policy not detected — No link matching common Cookie Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Cookie Policy, especially those collecting user data. - **[INFO]** Accessibility Statement not detected — No link matching common Accessibility Statement URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Accessibility Statement, especially those collecting user data. - **[INFO]** DMCA / Copyright Notice not detected — No link matching common DMCA / Copyright Notice URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a DMCA / Copyright Notice, especially those collecting user data. - **[INFO]** Refund / Returns Policy not detected — No link matching common Refund / Returns Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Refund / Returns Policy, especially those collecting user data. - **[INFO]** Acceptable Use Policy not detected — No link matching common Acceptable Use Policy URL patterns or link text was found. Most websites are expected to have a Acceptable Use Policy, especially those collecting user data. ### Copyright Notice (A+ — 100/100) *© 2026 Yale University All Rights Reserved Contact Web Ed* - **[PASS]** Copyright notice is up to date — Copyright notice is up to date: © 2026 Yale University All Rights Reserved Contact Web Ed - **[PASS]** Copyright holder: Yale University ### Regulatory Indicators *3 regulatory indicator(s) detected* - **[INFO]** This is a technical scan, not a legal assessment — BeaverCheck detects technical indicators that may suggest regulatory relevance. This is not a compliance audit and should not be relied upon for legal decisions. Consult qualified legal counsel for compliance assessments. - **[INFO]** GDPR indicators detected (moderate confidence) — Indicators suggesting GDPR may be relevant: Privacy policy page found. EU General Data Protection Regulation — governs collection and processing of personal data of EU residents. - **[INFO]** ADA indicators detected (moderate confidence) — Indicators suggesting ADA may be relevant: Accessibility statement page found. Americans with Disabilities Act / Section 508 — requires digital accessibility for people with disabilities. - **[INFO]** HIPAA indicators detected (weak confidence) — Indicators suggesting HIPAA may be relevant: Text mentions: phi. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act — protects sensitive patient health information. ### Third-Party Data Sharing *2 third-party service(s) detected* - **[INFO]** Data inventory for transparency purposes — This inventory identifies third-party services that receive data from your site visitors. Under regulations like GDPR (Article 30), maintaining records of data processing activities is commonly considered a best practice. This automated scan provides a starting point — it may not capture all data flows. - **[INFO]** 2 third-party services across 2 categories — 2 third-party services detected across 2 categories: Analytics (1), Tag Management (1). Each of these services receives some user data from your site visitors. - **[INFO]** Google Analytics (Analytics) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Page views, User behavior, Demographics, Device info, IP address. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available. - **[INFO]** Google Tag Manager (Tag Management) — Detected via script URL. Typically collects: Orchestrates other tracking scripts, Page views. Privacy policy: https://policies.google.com/privacy. Data Processing Agreement available. ### Compliance Badges (B — 70/100) *1 compliance badge(s) detected* - **[PASS]** TRUSTe / TrustArc badge detected — Found via body text: 'truste'. Note: the presence of a badge does not verify the certification is current or valid. --- ## Availability ### CDN & Delivery (A+ — 100/100) *Fastly (HIT, HIT, MISS)* - **[PASS]** Site is served via Fastly CDN - **[PASS]** CDN cache status: HIT, HIT, MISS ### HTTP Caching (A+ — 100/100) *max-age=21600 (6 hours)* - **[PASS]** Cache-Control header is set - **[PASS]** Effective TTL: 6 hours (max-age=21600) - **[PASS]** ETag present — enables conditional (304) responses - **[PASS]** Last-Modified header present ### Transport Security (A — 90/100) *HTTP/3, HSTS, and TLS version analysis* - **[INFO]** HTTP/3 (QUIC) not advertised — HTTP/3 eliminates head-of-line blocking. If your CDN supports it, consider enabling it. - **[PASS]** HSTS enabled (base policy) - **[INFO]** HSTS missing includeSubDomains — Without includeSubDomains, HSTS only protects the exact domain. --- ## Accessibility ### Landmark Structure (A+ — 100/100) *22 landmarks* - **[PASS]**
landmark present - **[PASS]** 11