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Audit Complete

Results for https://ieee.org

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Singapore Singapore · Singapore Completed: Apr 16, 2026 17:49 UTC
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Mobile 375 × 812

Screenshot of the audited page (Mobile 375×812)

Desktop 1440 × 900

Screenshot of the audited page (Desktop 1440×900)
D67

Site Health

Score: 67 / 100

Based on 8 categories, 0 sections

Room to improve — your 10.8s load time is above Google's 2.5s 'Good' threshold.

Good foundation, but a few gaps could be exploited.

Major barriers for users with disabilities — up to 15% of your audience.

Solid SEO basics — a few optimizations could boost rankings.

Good server performance with room for optimization.

Several regulatory requirements are not yet met.

Missing metadata means poor previews on social media and search.

Heavier than average — reducing page weight saves energy and bandwidth.

How is this calculated?

The overall score is a weighted average of individual category scores. Categories with more impact on user experience and security carry more weight.

Performance 25%Security 25%Accessibility 15%SEO 10%Infrastructure 10%Compliance 8%Content 5%Sustainability 2%

Weights reflect general web best practices. Individual needs may differ.

How the composite score is calculated

How you compare

Apple sites average 73
-6 below average
Better than 1% of Apple sites See full Apple benchmark →
Google Search Console sites average 73
-6 below average
Better than 1% of Google Search Console sites See full Google Search Console benchmark →

Top Priorities (5)

1

Content-Security-Policy header is missing

Security gaps expose your site and users to attacks, eroding trust.

Security › Security Headers
2

HSTS header is missing

Security gaps expose your site and users to attacks, eroding trust.

Security › Security Headers
3

No Content-Security-Policy header found

Security gaps expose your site and users to attacks, eroding trust.

Security › Content Security Policy
4

Page weighs 14.7 MB (8.8 MB transferred)

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Performance › Page Weight Budget
5

No <main> landmark found

Accessibility issues exclude users with disabilities — up to 15% of your potential audience.

Accessibility › Landmark Structure
View fix priority matrix

Fix Priority Matrix

5 findings

Quick Wins

3

High impact, low effort — start here.

Strategic

2

High impact, requires investment.

Easy Improvements

0

Small gains, minimal effort.

Nothing in this quadrant — good news.

Deprioritize

0

Low impact, high effort — do last.

Nothing in this quadrant — good news.

← Low effort High effort →
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What fixing these means

Your site has several issues that may be affecting user experience and business outcomes. Your LCP of 10.8s exceeds Google's 2.5s 'Good' threshold and the 1 performance issue below directly contributes to it. Accessibility issues exclude users who rely on assistive technology — an estimated 15% of your potential audience. Addressing the critical issues below would have the most immediate impact on your user trust.

3 security gaps detected — browsers may warn visitors about your site.
Your LCP is 10.8s — fixing the 1 performance critical could bring it under Google's 2.5s 'Good' threshold.
1 accessibility issue excludes users who rely on assistive technology.
C
Could reach Estimate based on resolving critical issues

Conversion Barriers

3 critical 6 warning

9 barrier(s) likely increasing bounce by ~38%.

Speed (2)

Page takes 10.8s to load

+12% bounce

Users abandon at ~3s — you're 8.3s over the 2.5s threshold

Fix: Optimize render-blocking resources, preload the hero image, and compress images

Page feels frozen for 5.3s

+5% bounce

Clicks on the primary CTA are ignored while JavaScript runs

Fix: Break up long tasks; defer non-critical JavaScript to post-hydration

Trust (2)

No HSTS header

+1% bounce

Returning visitors are briefly exposed to downgrade attacks on first request

Fix: Set Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains

No Content-Security-Policy header

+1% bounce

Higher XSS blast radius — one compromised script can exfiltrate the checkout form

Fix: Ship a reporting-only CSP first, then enforce once violations are clean

Usability (1)

No viewport meta tag

+15% bounce

Mobile browsers render at desktop width and shrink — text unreadable, tap targets miniature

Fix: Add <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

Content (3)

No Open Graph tags

+2% bounce

Links shared on LinkedIn / Slack / Facebook show bare URLs — referral clicks drop

Fix: Add og:title, og:description, og:image, og:url to the page head

No structured data

+2% bounce

No rich-result eligibility in Google — lower SERP CTR vs competitors with stars and prices

Fix: Add JSON-LD for your page type (Product, Article, FAQPage, LocalBusiness, …)

Thin content

+3% bounce

Under 300 words — visitors bounce looking for substance, search engines rank competitors first

Fix: Add a substantive FAQ, product detail, or case-study section

Navigation (1)

No skip-to-content link

+1% bounce

Keyboard and screen-reader users must tab through the entire header on every page

Fix: Add a visible-on-focus <a href="#main">Skip to content</a> as the first focusable element

Preliminary CRO audit — each barrier links to the tab with detailed analysis.

Return on Investment

$500 investment → $4,561/month returns + USD 157,500 risk avoided

Payback period: < 1 month First-year ROI: +10846%

Investment

$500

5h · 5 findings

Monthly returns

$4,561 /mo

~$54,732 / year

  • Conversions recovered $4,559
  • Bandwidth savings $2.21

Regulatory risk avoided

USD 157,500

if kept compliant

  • ADA Title III USD 150,000
  • CCPA/CPRA USD 7,500

Payback period

0 12mo 24mo

$150 — in quick wins — start here for the fastest payback

Figures combine localized regulatory fine ceilings, search/conversion value priced against local CPC, and bandwidth waste estimates. Results depend on implementation quality and audience composition. Not legal or financial advice.

Full methodology & sources

Estimated Remediation Cost

$500

5.0 developer hours at $100/hr

Based on United States rates ($100/hr)

Quick wins
$150 3 fixes in ~90 minutes

Start here for the best return on investment

Cost by category

Cost by effort level

Adjust assumptions
$ /hr

Rates reflect fully-loaded developer cost including overhead

How developer rates are sourced

What Inaction Is Costing You

$13,127 / month at risk

~$157,526 / year if left unfixed

Compliance Risk

$157,500

ADA Title IIICCPA/CPRA
  • No privacy policy link detected
    CCPA/CPRA: USD 2,500 – USD 7,500
  • Trackers detected but no cookie policy found
    CCPA/CPRA: USD 2,500 – USD 7,500
  • Trackers detected but no privacy policy found
    CCPA/CPRA: USD 2,500 – USD 7,500

+5 more

Bandwidth Waste

$2.21 /mo

27587.7 MB/mo × 0.080 USD/GB

  • Optimize transfer: save ~2.8 MB per page load
    Saves $2.21/mo

Compliance figures represent the statutory maximum fine for the most severe triggered category, capped per regulation — not the sum of per-finding penalties. Based on published regulatory fine ranges. This is not legal advice.

Compliance methodology · SEO assumptions · Bandwidth model

Your performance is already good — improvements may show diminishing returns

Unique monthly visitors from your analytics

Purchases, signups, or key actions

Optional — for revenue estimation

additional conversions/month

more engaged visitors from reduced bounce

potential monthly revenue
Current bounce (est.)
After fixes (est.)
Estimated bounce reduction

Fix 5 critical issues to capture this value

How this is calculated

Based on Google/Deloitte research ("Milliseconds Make Millions") showing a ~7% bounce rate increase per additional second of LCP above the 2.5s "Good" threshold.

Your site's LCP: → estimated after fixes.

These are estimates based on industry research — actual results vary

Bounce-rate model & assumptions

Your data stays in your browser — nothing is sent to our servers

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Lighthouse Scores

Industry-standard audits powered by Google Lighthouse.

27
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
97
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
54
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
92
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

Core Web Vitals

Key metrics that affect user experience.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

5.39 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

10.85 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

5.30 s

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.000

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

9.53 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

25.59 s

Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

27

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

Why this matters

Shipping ES5 transpiled code to modern browsers wastes bytes — every user with an evergreen browser pays for compatibility you don't need.

Learn more

Most users today run browsers that natively support ES6+, async/await, optional chaining, and the rest of modern JavaScript. Transpiling to ES5 'just in case' adds 20-40% to your bundle for no benefit. Configure your build to target a modern browserslist, or ship a differential bundle pair (modern + legacy) with the module/nomodule pattern.

Source: Google web.dev / Lighthouse

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

lhId: page-0-IMG
nodeLabel: An artistic rendering of binary code moving through an electric blue cable.
path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,72,DIV,2,MAIN,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,IMG
selector: div.outer-wrapper > div.image-container > div.f--field > img
snippet: <img srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_320x180/public/dam/lrdx2urjde/ieee-homepa…" sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="900" src="/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_768x432/public/dam/lrdx2urjde/ieee-homepa…" alt="An artistic rendering of binary code moving through an electric blue cable." loading="lazy">

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.
title: Preconnected origins
description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.
title: Preconnect candidates
value: No additional origins are good candidates for preconnecting

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLResource SizeEst Savings
An artistic rendering of binary code moving through an electric blue cable. div.outer-wrapper > div.image-container > div.f--field > img
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_768x432/public/dam/lrdx2...51.7 KiB35.0 KiB
div.cards-container > div.card > div.f--field > img div.cards-container > div.card > div.f--field > img
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_637x359/public/dam/vxiue...56.4 KiB24.2 KiB
div.card > div.f--field > picture > img div.card > div.f--field > picture > img
/sites/default/files/styles/9_16_540x960/public/dam/ejnc4...65.7 KiB23.9 KiB
div.cards-container > div.card > div.f--field > img div.cards-container > div.card > div.f--field > img
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_637x359/public/dam/asoas...45.8 KiB8.6 KiB
div.cards-container > div.card > div.f--field > img div.cards-container > div.card > div.f--field > img
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_637x359/public/dam/jwhab...38.8 KiB6.6 KiB

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 5.1 s
URLTime Spent
ieee.org/1.4 s
www.ieee.org/3.6 s
www.ieee.org/0.0 ms

Keep the server response time for the main document short because all other requests depend on it. Learn more about the Time to First Byte metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 613 ms
URLTime Spent
www.ieee.org/713 ms

Diagnostics

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 150 ms 43.5 KiB
URLTransfer SizeEst Savings
/sites/default/files/css/css_3DvgFGadp5NUrykuU7azDfJ8-UTu...49.2 KiB43.5 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Multi-megabyte JavaScript bundles delay every interactive feature on the page.

Learn more

This is the Lighthouse audit fired when too much JS is shipped relative to what executes. The fix isn't a config flag — it requires bundle analysis (webpack-bundle-analyzer, rollup-plugin-visualizer), splitting routes into chunks, lazy-loading off-screen components, and removing unused dependencies. Fundamentally different from minification: minifying reduces byte count, this reduces what's downloaded at all.

Source: Google web.dev / Lighthouse

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling, and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to reduce Javascript execution time.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLTotal CPU TimeScript EvaluationScript Parse
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-P24WBM1.1 s912 ms150 ms
Unattributable875 ms16 ms0.0 ms
cmp.osano.com/AzyzptTmRlqVd2LRf/ef7b712c-ff87-4229-b9ae-c1083228fb7f/osano.js848 ms684 ms24 ms
/TSPD/08d3fc6170ab200031764f9a3cb1dfb2fa02ac1e6d6296f03cd...784 ms562 ms38 ms
www.ieee.org/763 ms47 ms11 ms
/sites/default/files/js/js_GaFm6NCGvHFQ3E7YTtKx1lvMqIIsdp...593 ms380 ms71 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-2ECHQV3WD3&cx=c&gtm=4e64f0525 ms310 ms162 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-RN78LDXHRB&cx=c&gtm=4e64f0484 ms271 ms61 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-TBNV764ZC7&cx=c&gtm=4e64f0402 ms329 ms71 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MLL6HVG6363 ms304 ms55 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HNLQ4ZWTQN&cx=c&gtm=4e64f0363 ms304 ms57 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-1030676118&cx=c&gtm=4e64f0359 ms306 ms48 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-DGBMH9NVB4&cx=c&gtm=4e64f0355 ms283 ms70 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-DRSMCND71P&cx=c&gtm=4e64f0343 ms281 ms60 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-W7T9YQJQXP&cx=c&gtm=4e64f0342 ms269 ms71 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-H0YHKP362D&cx=c&gtm=4e64f0335 ms266 ms67 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=DC-4490791&cx=c&gtm=4e64f0324 ms273 ms48 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/destination?id=AW-852935669&cx=c&gtm=4e64f0306 ms249 ms54 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-23137171-17&cx=c&gtm=4e64f0200 ms156 ms43 ms
/TSPD/08d3fc6170ab200031764f9a3cb1dfb2fa02ac1e6d6296f03cd...150 ms120 ms24 ms
www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js126 ms118 ms7.3 ms
/utag/travelers/thirdparty-us/prod/utag.3.js?utv=ut4.46.2...76 ms72 ms2.3 ms
/utag/travelers/thirdparty-us/prod/utag.4.js?utv=ut4.46.2...69 ms67 ms1.4 ms
cmp.osano.com/AzyzptTmRlqVd2LRf/ef7b712c-ff87-4229-b9ae-c1083228fb7f/osano-ui.js64 ms29 ms16 ms
tags.tiqcdn.com/utag/travelers/thirdparty-us/prod/utag.js60 ms54 ms4.4 ms
s3.amazonaws.com/ieee-mkto-cross-domain/enterprise-page-code.js60 ms58 ms1.1 ms

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to minimize main-thread work

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

CategoryTime Spent
Script Evaluation6.8 s
Script Parsing & Compilation1.2 s
Other1.2 s
Style & Layout575 ms
Garbage Collection289 ms
Parse HTML & CSS190 ms
Rendering101 ms

Many navigations are performed by going back to a previous page, or forwards again. The back/forward cache (bfcache) can speed up these return navigations. Learn more about the bfcache

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failure reasonFailure type
The page has an unload handler in the main frame.Actionable

Minifying JavaScript files can reduce payload sizes and script parse time. Learn how to minify JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 0.0 ms 2.3 KiB
URLTransfer SizeEst Savings
s3.amazonaws.com/ieee-mkto-cross-domain/enterprise-page-code.js5.1 KiB2.3 KiB

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

IEEE Logo div.footer-logo > div.f--field > a > img.lazyload

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

Layout shift culprits
Optimize DOM size
Font display
Forced reflow
LCP breakdown
Modern HTTP
Optimize viewport for mobile
Minify CSS
User Timing marks and measures 183 user timings
Avoid long main-thread tasks 20 long tasks found
Avoid non-composited animations 2 animated elements found
Network Requests
Network Round Trip Times 250 ms
Server Backend Latencies 60 ms
Tasks
Diagnostics
Metrics
Screenshot Thumbnails
Final Screenshot
Script Treemap Data
Resources Summary
Avoid large layout shifts 1 layout shift found
INP breakdown
97

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Names and labels

Screen reader users rely on frame titles to describe the contents of frames. Learn more about frame titles.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
body.content-pages > iframe#myframe body.content-pages > iframe#myframe

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Visible text labels that do not match the accessible name can result in a confusing experience for screen reader users. Learn more about accessible names.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Explore industry connections div.swiper-slide > div.links-container > div.f--field > a.link
READ THE FULL ARTICLE div.slide-left > div.links-container > div.f--field > a.link
SEE HOW IEEE HELPS RAISE THE WORLD'S STANDARDS div.slide-left > div.links-container > div.f--field > a.link
Interactive controls are keyboard focusable
Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state
The page has a logical tab order
Visual order on the page follows DOM order
User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region
The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page
HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation
Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology
Custom controls have associated labels
Custom controls have ARIA roles
`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles
`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`
`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes
Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.
`[role]` values are valid
`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values
`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled
Buttons have an accessible name
Image elements have `[alt]` attributes
Form elements have associated labels
`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.
Select elements have associated label elements.
`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names
ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role
Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.
`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents
Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes
Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio
Document has a `<title>` element
`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute
`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute
Links have a discernible name
Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).
List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements
No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0
Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.
Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order
Document has a main landmark.
Deprecated ARIA roles were not used
Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements
Identical links have the same purpose.
`[accesskey]` values are unique
ARIA input fields have accessible names
ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names
ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names
`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element
Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.
ARIA toggle fields have accessible names
ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names
ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names
The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region
`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.
Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements
ARIA IDs are unique
No form fields have multiple labels
`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.
Input buttons have discernible text.
`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text
Links are distinguishable without relying on color.
The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`
`<object>` elements have alternate text
Skip links are focusable.
Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.
`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.
`[lang]` attributes have a valid value
`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`
Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.
All heading elements contain content.
Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.
Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.
`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.
54

Best Practices

Trust and Safety

All sites should be protected with HTTPS, even ones that don't handle sensitive data. This includes avoiding mixed content, where some resources are loaded over HTTP despite the initial request being served over HTTPS. HTTPS prevents intruders from tampering with or passively listening in on the communications between your app and your users, and is a prerequisite for HTTP/2 and many new web platform APIs. Learn more about HTTPS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Insecure URLRequest Resolution
burp/favicon.icoAutomatically upgraded to HTTPS

General

Deprecated APIs will eventually be removed from the browser. Learn more about deprecated APIs.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Deprecation / WarningSource
Unload event listeners are deprecated and will be removed.
Unload event listeners are deprecated and will be removed.

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

SourceDescription
www.ieee.org/ line 5052, col 0
Access to fetch at 'https://securesso.ieee.org/ieeevendorsso/rest/auth/validatePFToken?_=1776361720400' from origin 'https://www.ieee.org' has been blocked by CORS policy: No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource.
www.ieee.org/ line 200, col 32
Error: TypeError: Failed to fetch at https://www.ieee.org/:190:7
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()
Not allowed to load local resource: chrome://rumola/content/rumola48.png
www.ieee.org/ line 161, col 6
ReferenceError: cntrUpTag is not defined at https://www.ieee.org/:162:7

Issues logged to the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures, insufficient security controls, and other browser concerns. Open up the Issues panel in Chrome DevTools for more details on each issue.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Issue type
Mixed content
Content security policy

Source maps translate minified code to the original source code. This helps developers debug in production. In addition, Lighthouse is able to provide further insights. Consider deploying source maps to take advantage of these benefits. Learn more about source maps.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Avoids third-party cookies
Allows users to paste into input fields
Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load
Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load
Displays images with correct aspect ratio
Serves images with appropriate resolution
Page has the HTML doctype
Properly defines charset
Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks
Use a strong HSTS policy
Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP
Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types
Detected JavaScript libraries
Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS
Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP
92

SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

Content Best Practices

Meta descriptions may be included in search results to concisely summarize page content. Learn more about the meta description.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Format your HTML in a way that enables crawlers to better understand your app’s content.

Structured data is valid
Page isn’t blocked from indexing
Document has a `<title>` element
Page has successful HTTP status code
Links have descriptive text
Links are crawlable
robots.txt is valid
Image elements have `[alt]` attributes
Document has a valid `hreflang`
Document has a valid `rel=canonical`

Lighthouse Scores

Industry-standard audits powered by Google Lighthouse. — Desktop

44
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
94
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
54
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
92
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

Core Web Vitals

Key metrics that affect user experience. — Desktop

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

2.45 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

2.65 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

636 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.008

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

3.40 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

6.34 s

Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

44

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

Why this matters

Shipping ES5 transpiled code to modern browsers wastes bytes — every user with an evergreen browser pays for compatibility you don't need.

Learn more

Most users today run browsers that natively support ES6+, async/await, optional chaining, and the rest of modern JavaScript. Transpiling to ES5 'just in case' adds 20-40% to your bundle for no benefit. Configure your build to target a modern browserslist, or ship a differential bundle pair (modern + legacy) with the module/nomodule pattern.

Source: Google web.dev / Lighthouse

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A forced reflow occurs when JavaScript queries geometric properties (such as offsetWidth) after styles have been invalidated by a change to the DOM state. This can result in poor performance. Learn more about forced reflows and possible mitigations.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

headings: [map[key:source label:Top function call valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]
items: [map[reflowTime:22.145 source:map[column:156 line:11 type:source-location url:https://www.ieee.org/sites/default/files/js/js_GaFm6NCGvHFQ3E7YTtKx1lvMqIIsdp478DnD-BWHnYA.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=ieee&include=eJxlkWuOwyAMhC8UN0eqXHDAu7xknD5uv25CVKX7Z8Q3GDMY366YSHTeFG5YCslET01cfmcva8N0GTiFWkOiq2KYg8k3X_AHn2czT0xEMzpXxXMtfWeH4sGkrp3SsCI2JYGCdw6oVrv7HhUh4ctSbbwQ6iq0HfcdgrA_bZwsXvQFu55vi4T-6BhJKsSaaUcuFgOd8p3AVYOi0LCM3YxcIFNZD2xjQflG0iM38Cv1w-wdw0GNaksEI-fuCbsIavP9QniwRlgSt8YlAOdPm04oVmXRFhIq7stfquSTYSNZk46iT-_3h5r0cbON5v_sH3RbUn1MXS1yvx7PmXeGg_8AGyPb-A urlProvider:network]]]
headings: [map[key:source label:Source valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]
items: [map[reflowTime:68.957 source:map[type:text value:[unattributed]]] map[reflowTime:7.701 source:map[column:627 line:250 type:source-location url:https://www.ieee.org/sites/default/files/js/js_GaFm6NCGvHFQ3E7YTtKx1lvMqIIsdp478DnD-BWHnYA.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=ieee&include=eJxlkWuOwyAMhC8UN0eqXHDAu7xknD5uv25CVKX7Z8Q3GDMY366YSHTeFG5YCslET01cfmcva8N0GTiFWkOiq2KYg8k3X_AHn2czT0xEMzpXxXMtfWeH4sGkrp3SsCI2JYGCdw6oVrv7HhUh4ctSbbwQ6iq0HfcdgrA_bZwsXvQFu55vi4T-6BhJKsSaaUcuFgOd8p3AVYOi0LCM3YxcIFNZD2xjQflG0iM38Cv1w-wdw0GNaksEI-fuCbsIavP9QniwRlgSt8YlAOdPm04oVmXRFhIq7stfquSTYSNZk46iT-_3h5r0cbON5v_sH3RbUn1MXS1yvx7PmXeGg_8AGyPb-A urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:3.655 source:map[column:4690 line:230 type:source-location url:https://www.ieee.org/sites/default/files/js/js_GaFm6NCGvHFQ3E7YTtKx1lvMqIIsdp478DnD-BWHnYA.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=ieee&include=eJxlkWuOwyAMhC8UN0eqXHDAu7xknD5uv25CVKX7Z8Q3GDMY366YSHTeFG5YCslET01cfmcva8N0GTiFWkOiq2KYg8k3X_AHn2czT0xEMzpXxXMtfWeH4sGkrp3SsCI2JYGCdw6oVrv7HhUh4ctSbbwQ6iq0HfcdgrA_bZwsXvQFu55vi4T-6BhJKsSaaUcuFgOd8p3AVYOi0LCM3YxcIFNZD2xjQflG0iM38Cv1w-wdw0GNaksEI-fuCbsIavP9QniwRlgSt8YlAOdPm04oVmXRFhIq7stfquSTYSNZk46iT-_3h5r0cbON5v_sH3RbUn1MXS1yvx7PmXeGg_8AGyPb-A urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:6.647 source:map[column:10404 line:230 type:source-location url:https://www.ieee.org/sites/default/files/js/js_GaFm6NCGvHFQ3E7YTtKx1lvMqIIsdp478DnD-BWHnYA.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=ieee&include=eJxlkWuOwyAMhC8UN0eqXHDAu7xknD5uv25CVKX7Z8Q3GDMY366YSHTeFG5YCslET01cfmcva8N0GTiFWkOiq2KYg8k3X_AHn2czT0xEMzpXxXMtfWeH4sGkrp3SsCI2JYGCdw6oVrv7HhUh4ctSbbwQ6iq0HfcdgrA_bZwsXvQFu55vi4T-6BhJKsSaaUcuFgOd8p3AVYOi0LCM3YxcIFNZD2xjQflG0iM38Cv1w-wdw0GNaksEI-fuCbsIavP9QniwRlgSt8YlAOdPm04oVmXRFhIq7stfquSTYSNZk46iT-_3h5r0cbON5v_sH3RbUn1MXS1yvx7PmXeGg_8AGyPb-A urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:4.142 source:map[column:16372 line:230 type:source-location url:https://www.ieee.org/sites/default/files/js/js_GaFm6NCGvHFQ3E7YTtKx1lvMqIIsdp478DnD-BWHnYA.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=ieee&include=eJxlkWuOwyAMhC8UN0eqXHDAu7xknD5uv25CVKX7Z8Q3GDMY366YSHTeFG5YCslET01cfmcva8N0GTiFWkOiq2KYg8k3X_AHn2czT0xEMzpXxXMtfWeH4sGkrp3SsCI2JYGCdw6oVrv7HhUh4ctSbbwQ6iq0HfcdgrA_bZwsXvQFu55vi4T-6BhJKsSaaUcuFgOd8p3AVYOi0LCM3YxcIFNZD2xjQflG0iM38Cv1w-wdw0GNaksEI-fuCbsIavP9QniwRlgSt8YlAOdPm04oVmXRFhIq7stfquSTYSNZk46iT-_3h5r0cbON5v_sH3RbUn1MXS1yvx7PmXeGg_8AGyPb-A urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.248 source:map[column:47437 line:230 type:source-location url:https://www.ieee.org/sites/default/files/js/js_GaFm6NCGvHFQ3E7YTtKx1lvMqIIsdp478DnD-BWHnYA.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=ieee&include=eJxlkWuOwyAMhC8UN0eqXHDAu7xknD5uv25CVKX7Z8Q3GDMY366YSHTeFG5YCslET01cfmcva8N0GTiFWkOiq2KYg8k3X_AHn2czT0xEMzpXxXMtfWeH4sGkrp3SsCI2JYGCdw6oVrv7HhUh4ctSbbwQ6iq0HfcdgrA_bZwsXvQFu55vi4T-6BhJKsSaaUcuFgOd8p3AVYOi0LCM3YxcIFNZD2xjQflG0iM38Cv1w-wdw0GNaksEI-fuCbsIavP9QniwRlgSt8YlAOdPm04oVmXRFhIq7stfquSTYSNZk46iT-_3h5r0cbON5v_sH3RbUn1MXS1yvx7PmXeGg_8AGyPb-A urlProvider:network]]]

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.
title: Preconnected origins
description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.
title: Preconnect candidates
value: No additional origins are good candidates for preconnecting

Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLResource SizeEst Savings
A blue graphic with geometric shapes, and the number 7 million in the middle. div.inner-wrapper > div.image-container > div.f--field > img
/sites/default/files/styles/4_3_1536x1152/public/dam/qpus...222.6 KiB198.4 KiB
div.cards-container > div.card > div.f--field > img div.cards-container > div.card > div.f--field > img
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_480x270/public/dam/vxiue...34.3 KiB18.1 KiB
div.cards-container > div.card > div.f--field > img div.cards-container > div.card > div.f--field > img
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_480x270/public/dam/asoas...30.3 KiB14.0 KiB
div.cards-container > div.card > div.f--field > img div.cards-container > div.card > div.f--field > img
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_480x270/public/dam/jwhab...25.4 KiB9.1 KiB
div.cards-container > div.card > div.f--field > img div.cards-container > div.card > div.f--field > img
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_480x270/public/dam/1podk...21.5 KiB5.3 KiB

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 1.4 s
URLTime Spent
ieee.org/896 ms
www.ieee.org/468 ms
www.ieee.org/0.0 ms

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Diagnostics

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 30 ms 40.7 KiB
URLTransfer SizeEst Savings
/sites/default/files/css/css_3DvgFGadp5NUrykuU7azDfJ8-UTu...49.2 KiB40.7 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Multi-megabyte JavaScript bundles delay every interactive feature on the page.

Learn more

This is the Lighthouse audit fired when too much JS is shipped relative to what executes. The fix isn't a config flag — it requires bundle analysis (webpack-bundle-analyzer, rollup-plugin-visualizer), splitting routes into chunks, lazy-loading off-screen components, and removing unused dependencies. Fundamentally different from minification: minifying reduces byte count, this reduces what's downloaded at all.

Source: Google web.dev / Lighthouse

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling, and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to reduce Javascript execution time.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to minimize main-thread work

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

CategoryTime Spent
Script Evaluation1.9 s
Script Parsing & Compilation308 ms
Other289 ms
Style & Layout158 ms
Garbage Collection66 ms
Parse HTML & CSS47 ms
Rendering21 ms

Many navigations are performed by going back to a previous page, or forwards again. The back/forward cache (bfcache) can speed up these return navigations. Learn more about the bfcache

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failure reasonFailure type
The page has an unload handler in the main frame.Actionable

Minifying JavaScript files can reduce payload sizes and script parse time. Learn how to minify JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 0.0 ms 2.3 KiB
URLTransfer SizeEst Savings
s3.amazonaws.com/ieee-mkto-cross-domain/enterprise-page-code.js5.1 KiB2.3 KiB

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

IEEE Logo div.footer-logo > div.f--field > a > img.lazyload

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

Layout shift culprits
Optimize DOM size
Font display
LCP breakdown
Modern HTTP
Optimize viewport for mobile
Minify CSS
User Timing marks and measures 10 user timings
Avoid long main-thread tasks 17 long tasks found
Avoid non-composited animations 2 animated elements found
Network Requests
Network Round Trip Times 250 ms
Server Backend Latencies 230 ms
Tasks
Diagnostics
Metrics
Screenshot Thumbnails
Final Screenshot
Script Treemap Data
Resources Summary
Initial server response time was short Root document took 290 ms
Avoid large layout shifts 2 layout shifts found
INP breakdown
LCP request discovery
94

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Names and labels

Screen reader users rely on frame titles to describe the contents of frames. Learn more about frame titles.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
body.content-pages > iframe#myframe body.content-pages > iframe#myframe

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Tables and lists

Screen readers have a specific way of announcing lists. Ensuring proper list structure aids screen reader output. Learn more about proper list structure.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Industry Professionals Authors & Researchers Students & Young Professionals Vol… div.content-pane-container > div.left > div.pagination-wrapper > ul.interactive-content-pane-pagination
Cybersecurity Simulations div.people-featured-container > div.top > div.pagination-wrapper > ul.people-feature-pagination

These are opportunities to improve the experience of reading tabular or list data using assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Visible text labels that do not match the accessible name can result in a confusing experience for screen reader users. Learn more about accessible names.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Explore industry connections div.swiper-slide > div.links-container > div.f--field > a.link
READ THE FULL ARTICLE div.slide-left > div.links-container > div.f--field > a.link
SEE HOW IEEE HELPS RAISE THE WORLD'S STANDARDS div.slide-left > div.links-container > div.f--field > a.link
Interactive controls are keyboard focusable
Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state
The page has a logical tab order
Visual order on the page follows DOM order
User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region
The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page
HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation
Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology
Custom controls have associated labels
Custom controls have ARIA roles
`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles
`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`
`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes
Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.
`[role]` values are valid
`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values
`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled
Buttons have an accessible name
Image elements have `[alt]` attributes
Form elements have associated labels
`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.
`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names
ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role
Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.
`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents
Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes
Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio
Document has a `<title>` element
`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute
`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute
Links have a discernible name
List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements
No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0
Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.
Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order
Document has a main landmark.
Deprecated ARIA roles were not used
`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`
Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements
Identical links have the same purpose.
`[accesskey]` values are unique
ARIA input fields have accessible names
ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names
ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names
`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element
Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.
ARIA toggle fields have accessible names
ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names
ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names
The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region
`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.
Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements
ARIA IDs are unique
No form fields have multiple labels
`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.
Input buttons have discernible text.
`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text
Links are distinguishable without relying on color.
The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`
`<object>` elements have alternate text
Select elements have associated label elements.
Skip links are focusable.
Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.
`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.
`[lang]` attributes have a valid value
Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.
All heading elements contain content.
Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.
Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.
`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.
54

Best Practices

Trust and Safety

All sites should be protected with HTTPS, even ones that don't handle sensitive data. This includes avoiding mixed content, where some resources are loaded over HTTP despite the initial request being served over HTTPS. HTTPS prevents intruders from tampering with or passively listening in on the communications between your app and your users, and is a prerequisite for HTTP/2 and many new web platform APIs. Learn more about HTTPS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Insecure URLRequest Resolution
burp/favicon.icoAutomatically upgraded to HTTPS

General

Deprecated APIs will eventually be removed from the browser. Learn more about deprecated APIs.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Deprecation / WarningSource
Unload event listeners are deprecated and will be removed.
Unload event listeners are deprecated and will be removed.

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

SourceDescription
Access to fetch at 'https://securesso.ieee.org/ieeevendorsso/rest/auth/validatePFToken?_=1776361748233' from origin 'https://www.ieee.org' has been blocked by CORS policy: No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource.
www.ieee.org/ line 200, col 32
Error: TypeError: Failed to fetch at https://www.ieee.org/:190:7
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()
Not allowed to load local resource: chrome://rumola/content/rumola48.png
www.ieee.org/ line 161, col 6
ReferenceError: cntrUpTag is not defined at https://www.ieee.org/:162:7

Issues logged to the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures, insufficient security controls, and other browser concerns. Open up the Issues panel in Chrome DevTools for more details on each issue.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Issue type
Mixed content
Content security policy

Source maps translate minified code to the original source code. This helps developers debug in production. In addition, Lighthouse is able to provide further insights. Consider deploying source maps to take advantage of these benefits. Learn more about source maps.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Avoids third-party cookies
Allows users to paste into input fields
Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load
Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load
Displays images with correct aspect ratio
Serves images with appropriate resolution
Page has the HTML doctype
Properly defines charset
Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks
Use a strong HSTS policy
Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP
Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types
Detected JavaScript libraries
Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS
Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP
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SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

Content Best Practices

Meta descriptions may be included in search results to concisely summarize page content. Learn more about the meta description.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Format your HTML in a way that enables crawlers to better understand your app’s content.

Structured data is valid
Page isn’t blocked from indexing
Document has a `<title>` element
Page has successful HTTP status code
Links have descriptive text
Links are crawlable
robots.txt is valid
Image elements have `[alt]` attributes
Document has a valid `hreflang`
Document has a valid `rel=canonical`

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