D — https://igi-global.com | BeaverCheck Audit

Site Health

Score: 68 / 100

Based on 8 categories, 0 sections

Room to improve — your 28.8s load time is above Google's 2.5s 'Good' threshold.

Good foundation, but a few gaps could be exploited.

Several issues make your site difficult for assistive technology users.

Solid SEO basics — a few optimizations could boost rankings.

Good server performance with room for optimization.

Several regulatory requirements are not yet met.

Missing metadata means poor previews on social media and search.

Heavier than average — reducing page weight saves energy and bandwidth.

How is this calculated?

The overall score is a weighted average of individual category scores. Categories with more impact on user experience and security carry more weight.

Performance 25%Security 25%Accessibility 15%SEO 10%Infrastructure 10%Compliance 8%Content 5%Sustainability 2%

Weights reflect general web best practices. Individual needs may differ.

How the composite score is calculated

How you compare

Azure DNS · 88 peers

You 68

Avg 72

At average

0 50 100

Better than 2% of Azure DNS sites See full Azure DNS benchmark →

Azure Front Door · 29 peers

You 68

Avg 74

-6 below average

0 50 100

See full Azure Front Door benchmark →

Top Priorities (5)

Content-Security-Policy header is missing

Security gaps expose your site and users to attacks, eroding trust.

Security › Security Headers

HSTS header is missing

Security gaps expose your site and users to attacks, eroding trust.

Security › Security Headers

No Content-Security-Policy header found

Security gaps expose your site and users to attacks, eroding trust.

Security › Content Security Policy

Page weighs 6.5 MB (5.6 MB transferred)

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Performance › Page Weight Budget

No <main> landmark found

Accessibility issues exclude users with disabilities — up to 15% of your potential audience.

Accessibility › Landmark Structure

View fix priority matrix

Fix Priority Matrix

5 findings

Impact

Quick Wins

High impact, low effort — start here.

Strategic

High impact, requires investment.

Easy Improvements

Small gains, minimal effort.

Nothing in this quadrant — good news.

Deprioritize

Low impact, high effort — do last.

Nothing in this quadrant — good news.

← Low effort High effort →

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Markdown

[![BeaverCheck](https://beavercheck.com/badge?url=https%3A%2F%2Figi-global.com)](https://beavercheck.com/results/449ac9eb-c811-4422-a3a5-53c45fe4ad59)

HTML

<a href="https://beavercheck.com/results/449ac9eb-c811-4422-a3a5-53c45fe4ad59"><img src="https://beavercheck.com/badge?url=https%3A%2F%2Figi-global.com" alt="BeaverCheck Score"></a>

Image URL

https://beavercheck.com/badge?url=https%3A%2F%2Figi-global.com

This badge auto-updates with your latest scan result.

What fixing these means

Your site has several issues that may be affecting user experience and business outcomes. Your LCP of 28.8s exceeds Google's 2.5s 'Good' threshold and the 1 performance issue below directly contributes to it. Accessibility issues exclude users who rely on assistive technology — an estimated 15% of your potential audience. Addressing the critical issues below would have the most immediate impact on your user trust.

3 security gaps detected — browsers may warn visitors about your site.

Your LCP is 28.8s — fixing the 1 performance critical could bring it under Google's 2.5s 'Good' threshold.

1 accessibility issue excludes users who rely on assistive technology.

Could reach Estimate based on resolving critical issues

Conversion Barriers

2 critical 6 warning

8 barrier(s) likely increasing bounce by ~35%.

Speed (1)

Page takes 28.8s to load

+12% bounce

Users abandon at ~3s — you're 26.3s over the 2.5s threshold

Fix: Optimize render-blocking resources, preload the hero image, and compress images

Trust (2)

No HSTS header

+1% bounce

Returning visitors are briefly exposed to downgrade attacks on first request

Fix: Set Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains

No Content-Security-Policy header

+1% bounce

Higher XSS blast radius — one compromised script can exfiltrate the checkout form

Fix: Ship a reporting-only CSP first, then enforce once violations are clean

Usability (1)

No viewport meta tag

+15% bounce

Mobile browsers render at desktop width and shrink — text unreadable, tap targets miniature

Fix: Add <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

Content (3)

No Open Graph tags

+2% bounce

Links shared on LinkedIn / Slack / Facebook show bare URLs — referral clicks drop

Fix: Add og:title, og:description, og:image, og:url to the page head

No structured data

+2% bounce

No rich-result eligibility in Google — lower SERP CTR vs competitors with stars and prices

Fix: Add JSON-LD for your page type (Product, Article, FAQPage, LocalBusiness, …)

Thin content

+3% bounce

Under 300 words — visitors bounce looking for substance, search engines rank competitors first

Fix: Add a substantive FAQ, product detail, or case-study section

Navigation (1)

No skip-to-content link

+1% bounce

Keyboard and screen-reader users must tab through the entire header on every page

Fix: Add a visible-on-focus <a href="#main">Skip to content</a> as the first focusable element

Preliminary CRO audit — each barrier links to the tab with detailed analysis.

Return on Investment

$500 investment → $1.40/month returns + USD 157,500 risk avoided

Payback period: > 2 years First-year ROI: -97%

Investment

$500

5h · 5 findings

Monthly returns

$1.40 /mo

~$17 / year

Bandwidth savings $1.40

Regulatory risk avoided

USD 157,500

if kept compliant

ADA Title III USD 150,000
CCPA/CPRA USD 7,500

$150 — in quick wins — start here for the fastest payback

Figures combine localized regulatory fine ceilings, search/conversion value priced against local CPC, and bandwidth waste estimates. Results depend on implementation quality and audience composition. Not legal or financial advice.

Full methodology & sources

Estimated Remediation Cost

$500

5.0 developer hours at $100/hr

Based on United States rates ($100/hr)

Quick wins

$150 3 fixes in ~90 minutes

Start here for the best return on investment

Cost by category

Cost by effort level

Adjust assumptions

Custom rate

$ /hr

Rates reflect fully-loaded developer cost including overhead

How developer rates are sourced

What Inaction Is Costing You

$13,126 / month at risk

~$157,517 / year if left unfixed

Compliance Risk

$157,500

ADA Title IIICCPA/CPRA

No privacy policy link detected
CCPA/CPRA: USD 2,500 – USD 7,500
Trackers detected but no cookie policy found
CCPA/CPRA: USD 2,500 – USD 7,500
Trackers detected but no privacy policy found
CCPA/CPRA: USD 2,500 – USD 7,500

+5 more

Bandwidth Waste

$1.40 /mo

17529.1 MB/mo × 0.080 USD/GB

Optimize transfer: save ~1.8 MB per page load
Saves $1.40/mo

Compliance figures represent the statutory maximum fine for the most severe triggered category, capped per regulation — not the sum of per-finding penalties. Based on published regulatory fine ranges. This is not legal advice.

Compliance methodology · SEO assumptions · Bandwidth model

Your performance is already good — improvements may show diminishing returns

Monthly visitors

Unique monthly visitors from your analytics

Conversion rate (%)

Purchases, signups, or key actions

Avg. order value

Optional — for revenue estimation

additional conversions/month

more engaged visitors from reduced bounce

potential monthly revenue

Current bounce (est.)

After fixes (est.)

Estimated bounce reduction

Fix 5 critical issues to capture this value

How this is calculated

Based on Google/Deloitte research ("Milliseconds Make Millions") showing a ~7% bounce rate increase per additional second of LCP above the 2.5s "Good" threshold.

Your site's LCP: → estimated after fixes.

These are estimates based on industry research — actual results vary

Bounce-rate model & assumptions

Your data stays in your browser — nothing is sent to our servers

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Lighthouse Scores

Industry-standard audits powered by Google Lighthouse.

Performance

Accessibility

Best Practices

100

SEO

Core Web Vitals

Key metrics that affect user experience.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

14.32 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

28.79 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

185 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.000

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

14.32 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

29.17 s

Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

Why this matters

Shipping ES5 transpiled code to modern browsers wastes bytes — every user with an evergreen browser pays for compatibility you don't need.

Learn more ▾

Most users today run browsers that natively support ES6+, async/await, optional chaining, and the rest of modern JavaScript. Transpiling to ES5 'just in case' adds 20-40% to your bundle for no benefit. Configure your build to target a modern browserslist, or ship a differential bundle pair (modern + legacy) with the module/nomodule pattern.

Source: Google web.dev / Lighthouse

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Request	Cache TTL	Transfer Size
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/tache.png	0.0 ms	770.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/clemsonuniversity_cmyk__orangepurple.jpg	0.0 ms	688.9 KiB
/images/april-read-and-publish-webinar-website-flyer-pane...	0.0 ms	408.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/library_partnerships_ffoapa.jpg	0.0 ms	259.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-header-hp-2000x360.png	0.0 ms	160.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/proud-supporter-of-wfcf-20250113.png	0.0 ms	43.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595786.webp	0.0 ms	26.7 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522522423.webp	0.0 ms	24.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522577003.webp	0.0 ms	24.0 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799818755.webp	0.0 ms	23.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799828747.webp	0.0 ms	23.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522558798.webp	0.0 ms	21.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562528.webp	0.0 ms	20.9 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799825173.webp	0.0 ms	20.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522527886.webp	0.0 ms	20.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823100.webp	0.0 ms	19.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557241.webp	0.0 ms	19.7 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822080.webp	0.0 ms	19.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799830382.webp	0.0 ms	19.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522526339.webp	0.0 ms	18.9 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819349.webp	0.0 ms	18.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595991.webp	0.0 ms	18.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814689.webp	0.0 ms	18.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821939.webp	0.0 ms	17.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522572565.webp	0.0 ms	17.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824510.webp	0.0 ms	17.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821168.webp	0.0 ms	17.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799826538.webp	0.0 ms	17.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799833833.webp	0.0 ms	16.9 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522527916.webp	0.0 ms	16.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522559368.webp	0.0 ms	16.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822127.webp	0.0 ms	16.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562498.webp	0.0 ms	16.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557968.webp	0.0 ms	16.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799829010.webp	0.0 ms	15.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814009.webp	0.0 ms	15.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821328.webp	0.0 ms	15.7 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562405.webp	0.0 ms	15.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824572.webp	0.0 ms	15.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799813095.webp	0.0 ms	15.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522551096.webp	0.0 ms	14.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-logo-loc.webp	0.0 ms	14.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823254.webp	0.0 ms	14.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819783.webp	0.0 ms	12.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-logo.webp	0.0 ms	11.9 KiB
conferences.upcea.edu/regional/images/UPCEA-Logo.jpg	0.0 ms	11.0 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.js	604800.0 s	83.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799817604.webp	0.0 ms	7.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522592549.webp	0.0 ms	7.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522597155.webp	0.0 ms	6.2 KiB
js.zi-scripts.com/zi-tag.js	0.0 ms	5.7 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/generic-img-set.png	0.0 ms	4.8 KiB
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	604800.0 s	43.9 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/cope-logo-footer-white.webp	0.0 ms	2.8 KiB
/fonts/open-sans-condensed/open-sans-condensed-v12-latin-...	604800.0 s	14.5 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/slick/ajax-loader.gif	604800.0 s	4.4 KiB
www.igi-global.com/includes/currency.js	604800.0 s	2.7 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Images/loading-ico.gif	604800.0 s	984 B

Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A forced reflow occurs when JavaScript queries geometric properties (such as offsetWidth) after styles have been invalidated by a change to the DOM state. This can result in poor performance. Learn more about forced reflows and possible mitigations.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

headings: [map[key:source label:Top function call valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]

items: [map[reflowTime:49.666 source:map[column:30286 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]]]

headings: [map[key:source label:Source valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]

items: [map[reflowTime:0.261 source:map[column:31379 line:21 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:22.099 source:map[column:27484 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:12.603 source:map[column:29559 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:11.651 source:map[column:27506 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:3.052 source:map[column:29573 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]]]

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL	Resource Size	Est Savings
Slide 4 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/tache.png	769.1 KiB	734.3 KiB
Slide 3 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/clemsonuniversity_cmyk__orangepurple.jpg	687.7 KiB	652.9 KiB
Slide 1 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	/images/april-read-and-publish-webinar-website-flyer-pane...	407.3 KiB	373.5 KiB
Slide 2 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/library_partnerships_ffoapa.jpg	258.5 KiB	223.7 KiB
Publishing Tomorrow’s Research Today Nearly 200 Open Access Journals \| 10,000+ … `body > form#aspnetForm > div.jumbotron`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-header-hp-2000x360.png	160.0 KiB	42.8 KiB
World Forgotten Children's Foundation `div.footer-rightside-container > div > a.margin-left-25 > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/proud-supporter-of-wfcf-20250113.png	42.9 KiB	38.5 KiB
Blockchain Technology for Global Social Change `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595786.webp	26.3 KiB	18.0 KiB
Applying the Flipped Classroom Model to English Language Arts Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522522423.webp	23.9 KiB	16.7 KiB
Management Training Programs in Higher Education for the Fourth Industrial Revo… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799818755.webp	22.9 KiB	15.6 KiB
Managerial Challenges and Social Impacts of Virtual and Augmented Reality `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799828747.webp	22.8 KiB	15.6 KiB
Technology Optimization and Change Management for Successful Digital Supply Cha… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522577003.webp	23.7 KiB	15.6 KiB
Identifying, Describing, and Developing Teachers Who Are Gifted and Talented `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522558798.webp	21.0 KiB	13.8 KiB
Challenges and Opportunities for Transforming From STEM to STEAM Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799825173.webp	19.8 KiB	13.6 KiB
Study Abroad Opportunities for Community College Students and Strategies for Gl… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562528.webp	20.5 KiB	13.5 KiB
Theory and Practice of Business Intelligence in Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823100.webp	19.5 KiB	13.3 KiB
Research-Based Perspectives on the Psychophysiology of Yoga `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522527886.webp	19.8 KiB	13.2 KiB
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusivity in Contemporary Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557241.webp	19.4 KiB	12.7 KiB
Preparing Students for Community-Engaged Scholarship in Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822080.webp	19.2 KiB	12.6 KiB
Sustainable Health and Long-Term Care Solutions for an Aging Population `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522526339.webp	18.5 KiB	12.3 KiB
Innovations, Algorithms, and Applications in Cognitive Informatics and Natural … `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799830382.webp	18.7 KiB	12.3 KiB
Handbook of Research on Project Management Strategies and Tools for Organizatio… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819349.webp	18.4 KiB	12.1 KiB
Gender Equity in the Medical Profession `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595991.webp	17.8 KiB	11.7 KiB
Enhancements and Limitations to ICT-Based Informal Language Learning `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821168.webp	17.0 KiB	11.6 KiB
Handbook of Research on the Efficacy of Training Programs and Systems in Medica… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814689.webp	17.7 KiB	11.6 KiB
Managing Patients' Organizations to Improve Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799826538.webp	17.0 KiB	11.6 KiB
CSR and Socially Responsible Investing Strategies in Transitioning and Emerging… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821939.webp	17.2 KiB	11.3 KiB
Promoting Productive Cooperation Between Space Lawyers and Engineers `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522572565.webp	17.1 KiB	11.2 KiB
Hospital Management and Emergency Medicine `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824510.webp	17.1 KiB	11.2 KiB
Enriching Teaching and Learning Environments With Contemporary Technologies `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799833833.webp	16.5 KiB	10.9 KiB
Curriculum Internationalization and the Future of Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522527916.webp	16.3 KiB	10.8 KiB
Handbook of Research on E-Assessment in Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522559368.webp	16.3 KiB	10.7 KiB
Evidence-Based Faculty Development Through the Scholarship of Teaching and Lear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822127.webp	16.1 KiB	10.6 KiB
Handbook of Research on Field-Based Teacher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562498.webp	16.0 KiB	10.5 KiB
Teaching Literature and Language Through Multimodal Texts `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557968.webp	15.8 KiB	10.4 KiB
Measuring and Implementing Altmetrics in Library and Information Science Resear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799813095.webp	14.9 KiB	10.2 KiB
Inclusive Theory and Practice in Special Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799829010.webp	15.4 KiB	10.1 KiB
Handbook of Research on Software for Gifted and Talented School Activities in K… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814009.webp	15.4 KiB	10.1 KiB
Handbook of Research on Developing Engaging Online Courses `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821328.webp	15.4 KiB	10.1 KiB
Handmade Teaching Materials for Students With Disabilities `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562405.webp	15.1 KiB	9.9 KiB
Religion and Theology `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824572.webp	15.0 KiB	9.9 KiB
Pedagogy Development for Teaching Online Music `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522551096.webp	14.5 KiB	9.5 KiB
UXD and UCD Approaches for Accessible Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823254.webp	14.0 KiB	9.2 KiB
Handbook of Research on Citizenship and Heritage Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819783.webp	12.4 KiB	8.2 KiB
Slide 5 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	conferences.upcea.edu/regional/images/UPCEA-Logo.jpg	10.9 KiB	5.9 KiB

Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

lhId: page-4-DIV

nodeLabel: Publishing Tomorrow’s Research Today Nearly 200 Open Access Journals | 10,000+ …

path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,0,FORM,12,DIV

selector: body > form#aspnetForm > div.jumbotron

snippet: <div class="jumbotron feature-banner books-banner margin-bottom-20-xs" style="background-image: url("https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global…");">

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.

title: Preconnected origins

value: no origins were preconnected

description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.

title: Preconnect candidates

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size	Duration
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	1.3 MiB	7.0 s
/bundles/css/bookstore2025?v=uwwvq1dzmstfctgeonspvpcs-hnq...	545.6 KiB	3.3 s
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.js	83.5 KiB	332 ms
/ScriptResource.axd?d=NJmAwtEo3Ipnlaxl6CMhvkql_yXEPqA7jqG...	25.4 KiB	166 ms
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	43.9 KiB	332 ms
/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcFUV13He1Qd6_TZPmWIJVCCio-VoI6Un...	22.9 KiB	166 ms
/ScriptResource.axd?d=dwY9oWetJoJoVpgL6Zq8OKoo7b305hGqSpT...	10.1 KiB	166 ms
/ScriptResource.axd?d=nv7asgRUU0tRmHNR2D6t1C7Uy6VRPLvoS3l...	5.7 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/bootstrap-icons.css	13.8 KiB	754 ms

Consider setting font-display to swap or optional to ensure text is consistently visible. swap can be further optimized to mitigate layout shifts with font metric overrides.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Est Savings
/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/fonts/bootstrap-icons.wo...	20 ms

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 825 ms

URL	Time Spent
igi-global.com/	825 ms
www.igi-global.com/	0.0 ms

Keep the server response time for the main document short because all other requests depend on it. Learn more about the Time to First Byte metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 756 ms

URL	Time Spent
www.igi-global.com/	856 ms

The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Diagnostics

Minifying CSS files can reduce network payload sizes. Learn how to minify CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 1.3 s 252.9 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/bundles/css/bookstore2025?v=uwwvq1dzmstfctgeonspvpcs-hnq...	545.6 KiB	249.7 KiB
.carousel-arrows-wrapper { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 8px; … } …	3.7 KiB	3.2 KiB

Minifying JavaScript files can reduce payload sizes and script parse time. Learn how to minify JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 2.2 s 411.9 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	1.3 MiB	349.2 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.js	83.2 KiB	41.5 KiB
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	43.6 KiB	14.8 KiB
/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcFUV13He1Qd6_TZPmWIJVCCio-VoI6Un...	22.5 KiB	6.4 KiB

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 2.8 s 535.9 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/bundles/css/bookstore2025?v=uwwvq1dzmstfctgeonspvpcs-hnq...	544.6 KiB	522.6 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/bootstrap-icons.css	13.3 KiB	13.2 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Multi-megabyte JavaScript bundles delay every interactive feature on the page.

Learn more ▾

This is the Lighthouse audit fired when too much JS is shipped relative to what executes. The fix isn't a config flag — it requires bundle analysis (webpack-bundle-analyzer, rollup-plugin-visualizer), splitting routes into chunks, lazy-loading off-screen components, and removing unused dependencies. Fundamentally different from minification: minifying reduces byte count, this reduces what's downloaded at all.

Source: Google web.dev / Lighthouse

Estimated savings: 6.7 s 1.2 MiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	1.3 MiB	1019.9 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4Y3CX4YME3	167.1 KiB	66.0 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.js	83.2 KiB	62.2 KiB
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	43.6 KiB	32.8 KiB
/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcFUV13He1Qd6_TZPmWIJVCCio-VoI6Un...	22.5 KiB	22.0 KiB

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to minimize main-thread work

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Category	Time Spent
Script Evaluation	931 ms
Other	486 ms
Style & Layout	364 ms
Script Parsing & Compilation	278 ms
Parse HTML & CSS	80 ms
Rendering	41 ms

Many navigations are performed by going back to a previous page, or forwards again. The back/forward cache (bfcache) can speed up these return navigations. Learn more about the bfcache

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failure reason	Failure type
The page has an unload handler in the main frame.	Actionable

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	1.3 MiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/tache.png	770.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/clemsonuniversity_cmyk__orangepurple.jpg	688.9 KiB
/bundles/css/bookstore2025?v=uwwvq1dzmstfctgeonspvpcs-hnq...	545.6 KiB
/images/april-read-and-publish-webinar-website-flyer-pane...	408.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/library_partnerships_ffoapa.jpg	259.2 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4Y3CX4YME3	167.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-header-hp-2000x360.png	160.5 KiB
www.igi-global.com/	152.5 KiB
/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/fonts/bootstrap-icons.wo...	127.7 KiB

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL
Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) `div.footer-rightside-container > div > a.margin-left-25 > img.mobile-mt-2`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/cope-logo-footer-white.webp

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Layout shift culprits

●Optimize DOM size

●LCP breakdown

●Modern HTTP

●Optimize viewport for mobile

●User Timing marks and measures 5 user timings

●JavaScript execution time 1.1 s

●Avoid long main-thread tasks 7 long tasks found

●Network Requests

●Network Round Trip Times 170 ms

●Server Backend Latencies 560 ms

●Tasks

●Diagnostics

●Metrics

●Screenshot Thumbnails

●Final Screenshot

●Script Treemap Data

●Resources Summary

○INP breakdown

○Avoid non-composited animations

○Avoid large layout shifts

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Navigation

Properly ordered headings that do not skip levels convey the semantic structure of the page, making it easier to navigate and understand when using assistive technologies. Learn more about heading order.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Librarians `div.row > div.col > div.p-3 > h4.mb-2`

These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

Best practices

One main landmark helps screen reader users navigate a web page. Learn more about landmarks.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
html.js `html.js`

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links have a discernible name

●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●Identical links have the same purpose.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○`[role]` values are valid

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Form elements have associated labels

○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

Best Practices

User Experience

Image display dimensions should match natural aspect ratio. Learn more about image aspect ratio.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL	Aspect Ratio (Displayed)	Aspect Ratio (Actual)
Slide 1 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	/images/april-read-and-publish-webinar-website-flyer-pane...	388 x 180 (2.16)	1920 x 1344 (1.43)
Slide 4 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/tache.png	388 x 180 (2.16)	1280 x 720 (1.78)
Slide 3 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/clemsonuniversity_cmyk__orangepurple.jpg	388 x 180 (2.16)	1201 x 600 (2.00)
Slide 2 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/library_partnerships_ffoapa.jpg	388 x 180 (2.16)	683 x 512 (1.33)
Applying the Flipped Classroom Model to English Language Arts Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522522423.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 601 (0.67)
Applying the Flipped Classroom Model to English Language Arts Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522522423.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 601 (0.67)
Managing Patients' Organizations to Improve Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799826538.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Measuring and Implementing Altmetrics in Library and Information Science Resear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799813095.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Challenges and Opportunities for Transforming From STEM to STEAM Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799825173.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Enhancements and Limitations to ICT-Based Informal Language Learning `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821168.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Management Training Programs in Higher Education for the Fourth Industrial Revo… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799818755.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Managerial Challenges and Social Impacts of Virtual and Augmented Reality `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799828747.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Managing Patients' Organizations to Improve Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799826538.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Measuring and Implementing Altmetrics in Library and Information Science Resear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799813095.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Challenges and Opportunities for Transforming From STEM to STEAM Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799825173.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Enhancements and Limitations to ICT-Based Informal Language Learning `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821168.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Management Training Programs in Higher Education for the Fourth Industrial Revo… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799818755.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Managerial Challenges and Social Impacts of Virtual and Augmented Reality `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799828747.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Theory and Practice of Business Intelligence in Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823100.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Blockchain Technology for Global Social Change `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595786.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Theory and Practice of Business Intelligence in Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823100.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Blockchain Technology for Global Social Change `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595786.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Theory and Practice of Business Intelligence in Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823100.webp	133 x 178 (0.75)	400 x 574 (0.70)
IGI Global Scientific Publishing `div.login-background > div.text-align-left > div.text-align-center > img.logo-img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-logo.webp	265 x 68 (3.90)	494 x 141 (3.50)
Slide 5 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	conferences.upcea.edu/regional/images/UPCEA-Logo.jpg	388 x 180 (2.16)	214 x 143 (1.50)
World Forgotten Children's Foundation `div.footer-rightside-container > div > a.margin-left-25 > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/proud-supporter-of-wfcf-20250113.png	130 x 100 (1.30)	210 x 128 (1.64)

Browser Compatibility

Specifying a doctype prevents the browser from switching to quirks-mode. Learn more about the doctype declaration.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

General

Deprecated APIs will eventually be removed from the browser. Learn more about deprecated APIs.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Deprecation / Warning	Source
Unload event listeners are deprecated and will be removed.	/ScriptResource.axd?d=NJmAwtEo3Ipnlaxl6CMhvkql_yXEPqA7jqG... line 4, col 57515

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Source Description

Source	Description
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g... line 22846, col 19334	TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading 'add') at e.initADA (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:19335) at e.init (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:19101) at new <anonymous> (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:2832) at i.fn.slick (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:42781) at HTMLDocument.<anonymous> (https://www.igi-global.com/:401:25) at i (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:27449) at Object.fireWith [as resolveWith] (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:28213) at n.ready (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:30006) at HTMLDocument.K (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:30368)

/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g... line 22846, col 19334

TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading 'add')
    at e.initADA (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:19335)
    at e.init (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:19101)
    at new <anonymous> (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:2832)
    at i.fn.slick (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:42781)
    at HTMLDocument.<anonymous> (https://www.igi-global.com/:401:25)
    at i (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:27449)
    at Object.fireWith [as resolveWith] (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:28213)
    at n.ready (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:30006)
    at HTMLDocument.K (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:30368)

Source maps translate minified code to the original source code. This helps developers debug in production. In addition, Lighthouse is able to provide further insights. Consider deploying source maps to take advantage of these benefits. Learn more about source maps.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Map URL
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/jquery-1.12.4.min.map;
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...

●Uses HTTPS

●Avoids third-party cookies

●Allows users to paste into input fields

●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load

●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load

●Serves images with appropriate resolution

●Properly defines charset

●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools

●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks

●Use a strong HSTS policy

●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP

●Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP

●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types

●Detected JavaScript libraries

○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS

100

SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

○Structured data is valid

●Page isn’t blocked from indexing

●Document has a `<title>` element

●Document has a meta description

●Page has successful HTTP status code

●Links have descriptive text

●Links are crawlable

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●Document has a valid `hreflang`

●Document has a valid `rel=canonical`

○robots.txt is valid

Lighthouse Scores

Industry-standard audits powered by Google Lighthouse. — Desktop

Performance

Accessibility

Best Practices

100

SEO

Core Web Vitals

Key metrics that affect user experience. — Desktop

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

2.86 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

5.22 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

2 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.000

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

3.87 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

5.28 s

Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Why this matters

Shipping ES5 transpiled code to modern browsers wastes bytes — every user with an evergreen browser pays for compatibility you don't need.

Learn more ▾

Source: Google web.dev / Lighthouse

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Request	Cache TTL	Transfer Size
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/tache.png	0.0 ms	770.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/clemsonuniversity_cmyk__orangepurple.jpg	0.0 ms	688.9 KiB
/images/april-read-and-publish-webinar-website-flyer-pane...	0.0 ms	408.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/library_partnerships_ffoapa.jpg	0.0 ms	259.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-header-hp-2000x360.png	0.0 ms	160.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/proud-supporter-of-wfcf-20250113.png	0.0 ms	43.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595786.webp	0.0 ms	26.7 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522522423.webp	0.0 ms	24.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522577003.webp	0.0 ms	24.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799818755.webp	0.0 ms	23.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799828747.webp	0.0 ms	23.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522558798.webp	0.0 ms	21.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562528.webp	0.0 ms	20.9 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522527886.webp	0.0 ms	20.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799825173.webp	0.0 ms	20.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823100.webp	0.0 ms	19.9 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557241.webp	0.0 ms	19.7 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822080.webp	0.0 ms	19.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799830382.webp	0.0 ms	19.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522526339.webp	0.0 ms	18.9 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819349.webp	0.0 ms	18.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595991.webp	0.0 ms	18.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814689.webp	0.0 ms	18.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821939.webp	0.0 ms	17.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522572565.webp	0.0 ms	17.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824510.webp	0.0 ms	17.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821168.webp	0.0 ms	17.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799826538.webp	0.0 ms	17.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799833833.webp	0.0 ms	16.9 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522559368.webp	0.0 ms	16.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522527916.webp	0.0 ms	16.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822127.webp	0.0 ms	16.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562498.webp	0.0 ms	16.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557968.webp	0.0 ms	16.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799829010.webp	0.0 ms	15.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814009.webp	0.0 ms	15.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821328.webp	0.0 ms	15.7 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562405.webp	0.0 ms	15.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824572.webp	0.0 ms	15.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799813095.webp	0.0 ms	15.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522551096.webp	0.0 ms	14.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-logo-loc.webp	0.0 ms	14.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823254.webp	0.0 ms	14.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819783.webp	0.0 ms	12.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-logo.webp	0.0 ms	11.9 KiB
conferences.upcea.edu/regional/images/UPCEA-Logo.jpg	0.0 ms	11.0 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.js	604800.0 s	83.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799817604.webp	0.0 ms	7.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522592549.webp	0.0 ms	7.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522597155.webp	0.0 ms	6.2 KiB
js.zi-scripts.com/zi-tag.js	0.0 ms	5.7 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/generic-img-set.png	0.0 ms	4.8 KiB
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	604800.0 s	43.9 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/cope-logo-footer-white.webp	0.0 ms	2.8 KiB
/fonts/open-sans-condensed/open-sans-condensed-v12-latin-...	604800.0 s	14.5 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/slick/ajax-loader.gif	604800.0 s	4.4 KiB
www.igi-global.com/includes/currency.js	604800.0 s	2.7 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Images/loading-ico.gif	604800.0 s	984 B

Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Consider setting font-display to swap or optional to ensure text is consistently visible. swap can be further optimized to mitigate layout shifts with font metric overrides.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Est Savings
/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/fonts/bootstrap-icons.wo...	35 ms

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

headings: [map[key:source label:Top function call valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]

items: [map[reflowTime:51.524 source:map[column:30286 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]]]

headings: [map[key:source label:Source valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]

items: [map[reflowTime:24.225 source:map[column:31379 line:21 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:13.623 source:map[column:27484 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:6.628 source:map[column:29559 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:5.298 source:map[column:27506 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:1.75 source:map[column:29573 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.068 source:map[column:218 line:30886 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.385 source:map[type:text value:[unattributed]]]]

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL	Resource Size	Est Savings
Slide 4 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/tache.png	769.1 KiB	756.4 KiB
Slide 3 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/clemsonuniversity_cmyk__orangepurple.jpg	687.7 KiB	675.0 KiB
Slide 1 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	/images/april-read-and-publish-webinar-website-flyer-pane...	407.3 KiB	394.9 KiB
Slide 2 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/library_partnerships_ffoapa.jpg	258.5 KiB	245.8 KiB
Publishing Tomorrow’s Research Today Nearly 200 Open Access Journals \| 10,000+ … `body > form#aspnetForm > div.jumbotron`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-header-hp-2000x360.png	160.0 KiB	42.8 KiB
World Forgotten Children's Foundation `div.footer-rightside-container > div > a.margin-left-25 > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/proud-supporter-of-wfcf-20250113.png	42.9 KiB	39.8 KiB
Blockchain Technology for Global Social Change `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595786.webp	26.3 KiB	18.7 KiB
Applying the Flipped Classroom Model to English Language Arts Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522522423.webp	23.9 KiB	17.3 KiB
Management Training Programs in Higher Education for the Fourth Industrial Revo… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799818755.webp	22.9 KiB	16.3 KiB
Technology Optimization and Change Management for Successful Digital Supply Cha… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522577003.webp	23.7 KiB	16.3 KiB
Managerial Challenges and Social Impacts of Virtual and Augmented Reality `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799828747.webp	22.8 KiB	16.2 KiB
Identifying, Describing, and Developing Teachers Who Are Gifted and Talented `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522558798.webp	21.0 KiB	14.5 KiB
Study Abroad Opportunities for Community College Students and Strategies for Gl… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562528.webp	20.5 KiB	14.1 KiB
Challenges and Opportunities for Transforming From STEM to STEAM Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799825173.webp	19.8 KiB	14.1 KiB
Theory and Practice of Business Intelligence in Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823100.webp	19.5 KiB	13.9 KiB
Research-Based Perspectives on the Psychophysiology of Yoga `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522527886.webp	19.8 KiB	13.8 KiB
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusivity in Contemporary Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557241.webp	19.4 KiB	13.3 KiB
Preparing Students for Community-Engaged Scholarship in Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822080.webp	19.2 KiB	13.2 KiB
Sustainable Health and Long-Term Care Solutions for an Aging Population `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522526339.webp	18.5 KiB	12.9 KiB
Innovations, Algorithms, and Applications in Cognitive Informatics and Natural … `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799830382.webp	18.7 KiB	12.8 KiB
Handbook of Research on Project Management Strategies and Tools for Organizatio… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819349.webp	18.4 KiB	12.6 KiB
Gender Equity in the Medical Profession `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595991.webp	17.8 KiB	12.2 KiB
Handbook of Research on the Efficacy of Training Programs and Systems in Medica… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814689.webp	17.7 KiB	12.1 KiB
Enhancements and Limitations to ICT-Based Informal Language Learning `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821168.webp	17.0 KiB	12.1 KiB
Managing Patients' Organizations to Improve Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799826538.webp	17.0 KiB	12.1 KiB
CSR and Socially Responsible Investing Strategies in Transitioning and Emerging… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821939.webp	17.2 KiB	11.8 KiB
Promoting Productive Cooperation Between Space Lawyers and Engineers `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522572565.webp	17.1 KiB	11.8 KiB
Hospital Management and Emergency Medicine `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824510.webp	17.1 KiB	11.7 KiB
Enriching Teaching and Learning Environments With Contemporary Technologies `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799833833.webp	16.5 KiB	11.4 KiB
Curriculum Internationalization and the Future of Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522527916.webp	16.3 KiB	11.3 KiB
Handbook of Research on E-Assessment in Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522559368.webp	16.3 KiB	11.2 KiB
Evidence-Based Faculty Development Through the Scholarship of Teaching and Lear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822127.webp	16.1 KiB	11.0 KiB
Handbook of Research on Field-Based Teacher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562498.webp	16.0 KiB	11.0 KiB
Teaching Literature and Language Through Multimodal Texts `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557968.webp	15.8 KiB	10.8 KiB
IGI Global Scientific Publishing `div.container-fluid > div.d-flex > a.navbar-brand > img.imgHeaderImage`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-logo-loc.webp	14.4 KiB	10.8 KiB
Measuring and Implementing Altmetrics in Library and Information Science Resear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799813095.webp	14.9 KiB	10.6 KiB
Inclusive Theory and Practice in Special Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799829010.webp	15.4 KiB	10.6 KiB
Handbook of Research on Software for Gifted and Talented School Activities in K… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814009.webp	15.4 KiB	10.6 KiB
Handbook of Research on Developing Engaging Online Courses `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821328.webp	15.4 KiB	10.6 KiB
Handmade Teaching Materials for Students With Disabilities `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562405.webp	15.1 KiB	10.4 KiB
Religion and Theology `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824572.webp	15.0 KiB	10.3 KiB
Pedagogy Development for Teaching Online Music `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522551096.webp	14.5 KiB	9.9 KiB
UXD and UCD Approaches for Accessible Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823254.webp	14.0 KiB	9.6 KiB
Handbook of Research on Citizenship and Heritage Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819783.webp	12.4 KiB	8.5 KiB
Slide 5 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	conferences.upcea.edu/regional/images/UPCEA-Logo.jpg	10.9 KiB	5.9 KiB

Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

lhId: page-4-DIV

nodeLabel: Publishing Tomorrow’s Research Today Nearly 200 Open Access Journals | 10,000+ …

path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,0,FORM,12,DIV

selector: body > form#aspnetForm > div.jumbotron

snippet: <div class="jumbotron feature-banner books-banner margin-bottom-20-xs" style="background-image: url("https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global…");">

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

title: Preconnected origins

value: no origins were preconnected

description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.

title: Preconnect candidates

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size	Duration
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	1.3 MiB	1.1 s
/bundles/css/bookstore2025?v=uwwvq1dzmstfctgeonspvpcs-hnq...	545.5 KiB	562 ms
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.js	83.5 KiB	56 ms
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	43.9 KiB	56 ms
/ScriptResource.axd?d=NJmAwtEo3Ipnlaxl6CMhvkql_yXEPqA7jqG...	25.4 KiB
/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcFUV13He1Qd6_TZPmWIJVCCio-VoI6Un...	22.9 KiB	56 ms
/ScriptResource.axd?d=dwY9oWetJoJoVpgL6Zq8OKoo7b305hGqSpT...	10.1 KiB
/ScriptResource.axd?d=nv7asgRUU0tRmHNR2D6t1C7Uy6VRPLvoS3l...	5.7 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/bootstrap-icons.css	13.7 KiB	202 ms

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 271 ms

URL	Time Spent
igi-global.com/	271 ms
www.igi-global.com/	0.0 ms

Keep the server response time for the main document short because all other requests depend on it. Learn more about the Time to First Byte metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 728 ms

URL	Time Spent
www.igi-global.com/	828 ms

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

Diagnostics

Minifying CSS files can reduce network payload sizes. Learn how to minify CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 220 ms 252.9 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/bundles/css/bookstore2025?v=uwwvq1dzmstfctgeonspvpcs-hnq...	545.5 KiB	249.7 KiB
.carousel-arrows-wrapper { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 8px; … } …	3.7 KiB	3.2 KiB

Minifying JavaScript files can reduce payload sizes and script parse time. Learn how to minify JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 340 ms 411.9 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	1.3 MiB	349.2 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.js	83.2 KiB	41.5 KiB
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	43.6 KiB	14.8 KiB
/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcFUV13He1Qd6_TZPmWIJVCCio-VoI6Un...	22.5 KiB	6.4 KiB

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 560 ms 530.0 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/bundles/css/bookstore2025?v=uwwvq1dzmstfctgeonspvpcs-hnq...	544.6 KiB	516.7 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/bootstrap-icons.css	13.3 KiB	13.3 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Multi-megabyte JavaScript bundles delay every interactive feature on the page.

Learn more ▾

Source: Google web.dev / Lighthouse

Estimated savings: 1.1 s 1.2 MiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	1.3 MiB	1023.8 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4Y3CX4YME3	167.1 KiB	66.0 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.js	83.2 KiB	62.2 KiB
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	43.6 KiB	32.8 KiB
/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcFUV13He1Qd6_TZPmWIJVCCio-VoI6Un...	22.5 KiB	22.0 KiB

Many navigations are performed by going back to a previous page, or forwards again. The back/forward cache (bfcache) can speed up these return navigations. Learn more about the bfcache

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failure reason	Failure type
The page has an unload handler in the main frame.	Actionable

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	1.3 MiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/tache.png	770.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/clemsonuniversity_cmyk__orangepurple.jpg	688.9 KiB
/bundles/css/bookstore2025?v=uwwvq1dzmstfctgeonspvpcs-hnq...	545.5 KiB
/images/april-read-and-publish-webinar-website-flyer-pane...	408.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/library_partnerships_ffoapa.jpg	259.2 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4Y3CX4YME3	167.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-header-hp-2000x360.png	160.5 KiB
www.igi-global.com/	152.5 KiB
/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/fonts/bootstrap-icons.wo...	127.7 KiB

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL
World Forgotten Children's Foundation `div.footer-rightside-container > div > a.margin-left-25 > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/proud-supporter-of-wfcf-20250113.png
Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) `div.footer-rightside-container > div > a.margin-left-25 > img.mobile-mt-2`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/cope-logo-footer-white.webp

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Layout shift culprits

●Optimize DOM size

●LCP breakdown

●Modern HTTP

●Optimize viewport for mobile

●Max Potential First Input Delay 50 ms

●User Timing marks and measures 5 user timings

●JavaScript execution time 0.2 s

●Minimizes main-thread work 0.5 s

●Avoid long main-thread tasks 1 long task found

●Network Requests

●Network Round Trip Times 160 ms

●Server Backend Latencies 550 ms

●Tasks

●Diagnostics

●Metrics

●Screenshot Thumbnails

●Final Screenshot

●Script Treemap Data

●Resources Summary

●Avoid large layout shifts 1 layout shift found

○INP breakdown

○Avoid non-composited animations

Accessibility

Navigation

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Librarians `div.row > div.col > div.p-3 > h4.mb-2`

These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

Names and labels

Form elements without effective labels can create frustrating experiences for screen reader users. Learn more about the `select` element.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Research Content Site Content `div.d-flex > div#desktopSearch > div.input-group > select#ddlSearchTypeNav`

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Best practices

One main landmark helps screen reader users navigate a web page. Learn more about landmarks.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
html.js `html.js`

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●Form elements have associated labels

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links have a discernible name

●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

●Identical links have the same purpose.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Skip links are focusable.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

Best Practices

User Experience

Image display dimensions should match natural aspect ratio. Learn more about image aspect ratio.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL	Aspect Ratio (Displayed)	Aspect Ratio (Actual)
Slide 1 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	/images/april-read-and-publish-webinar-website-flyer-pane...	356 x 220 (1.62)	1920 x 1344 (1.43)
Slide 4 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/tache.png	356 x 220 (1.62)	1280 x 720 (1.78)
Slide 3 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/clemsonuniversity_cmyk__orangepurple.jpg	356 x 220 (1.62)	1201 x 600 (2.00)
Slide 2 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/library_partnerships_ffoapa.jpg	356 x 220 (1.62)	683 x 512 (1.33)
Applying the Flipped Classroom Model to English Language Arts Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522522423.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 601 (0.67)
Applying the Flipped Classroom Model to English Language Arts Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522522423.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 601 (0.67)
Applying the Flipped Classroom Model to English Language Arts Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522522423.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 601 (0.67)
Challenges and Opportunities for Transforming From STEM to STEAM Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799825173.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Measuring and Implementing Altmetrics in Library and Information Science Resear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799813095.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Enhancements and Limitations to ICT-Based Informal Language Learning `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821168.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Managerial Challenges and Social Impacts of Virtual and Augmented Reality `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799828747.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Management Training Programs in Higher Education for the Fourth Industrial Revo… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799818755.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Managing Patients' Organizations to Improve Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799826538.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Challenges and Opportunities for Transforming From STEM to STEAM Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799825173.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Measuring and Implementing Altmetrics in Library and Information Science Resear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799813095.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Enhancements and Limitations to ICT-Based Informal Language Learning `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821168.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Managerial Challenges and Social Impacts of Virtual and Augmented Reality `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799828747.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Management Training Programs in Higher Education for the Fourth Industrial Revo… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799818755.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Managing Patients' Organizations to Improve Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799826538.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Challenges and Opportunities for Transforming From STEM to STEAM Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799825173.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Theory and Practice of Business Intelligence in Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823100.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Blockchain Technology for Global Social Change `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595786.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Theory and Practice of Business Intelligence in Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823100.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Blockchain Technology for Global Social Change `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595786.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Handbook of Research on Developing Engaging Online Courses `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821328.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Project Management Strategies and Tools for Organizatio… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819349.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Hospital Management and Emergency Medicine `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824510.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Evidence-Based Faculty Development Through the Scholarship of Teaching and Lear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822127.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Innovations, Algorithms, and Applications in Cognitive Informatics and Natural … `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799830382.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Inclusive Theory and Practice in Special Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799829010.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Religion and Theology `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824572.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
UXD and UCD Approaches for Accessible Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823254.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Citizenship and Heritage Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819783.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Enriching Teaching and Learning Environments With Contemporary Technologies `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799833833.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Preparing Students for Community-Engaged Scholarship in Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822080.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
CSR and Socially Responsible Investing Strategies in Transitioning and Emerging… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821939.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Developing Engaging Online Courses `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821328.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Project Management Strategies and Tools for Organizatio… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819349.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Hospital Management and Emergency Medicine `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824510.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Evidence-Based Faculty Development Through the Scholarship of Teaching and Lear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822127.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Innovations, Algorithms, and Applications in Cognitive Informatics and Natural … `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799830382.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Inclusive Theory and Practice in Special Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799829010.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Religion and Theology `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824572.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
UXD and UCD Approaches for Accessible Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823254.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Citizenship and Heritage Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819783.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Enriching Teaching and Learning Environments With Contemporary Technologies `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799833833.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Preparing Students for Community-Engaged Scholarship in Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822080.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
CSR and Socially Responsible Investing Strategies in Transitioning and Emerging… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821939.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Developing Engaging Online Courses `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821328.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Project Management Strategies and Tools for Organizatio… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819349.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusivity in Contemporary Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557241.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Gender Equity in the Medical Profession `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595991.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on the Efficacy of Training Programs and Systems in Medica… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814689.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Software for Gifted and Talented School Activities in K… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814009.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handmade Teaching Materials for Students With Disabilities `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562405.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Identifying, Describing, and Developing Teachers Who Are Gifted and Talented `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522558798.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Technology Optimization and Change Management for Successful Digital Supply Cha… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522577003.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Promoting Productive Cooperation Between Space Lawyers and Engineers `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522572565.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Field-Based Teacher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562498.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on E-Assessment in Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522559368.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Study Abroad Opportunities for Community College Students and Strategies for Gl… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562528.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Pedagogy Development for Teaching Online Music `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522551096.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Teaching Literature and Language Through Multimodal Texts `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557968.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusivity in Contemporary Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557241.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Gender Equity in the Medical Profession `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595991.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on the Efficacy of Training Programs and Systems in Medica… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814689.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Software for Gifted and Talented School Activities in K… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814009.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handmade Teaching Materials for Students With Disabilities `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562405.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Identifying, Describing, and Developing Teachers Who Are Gifted and Talented `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522558798.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Technology Optimization and Change Management for Successful Digital Supply Cha… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522577003.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Promoting Productive Cooperation Between Space Lawyers and Engineers `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522572565.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Field-Based Teacher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562498.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on E-Assessment in Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522559368.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Study Abroad Opportunities for Community College Students and Strategies for Gl… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562528.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Pedagogy Development for Teaching Online Music `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522551096.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Teaching Literature and Language Through Multimodal Texts `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557968.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusivity in Contemporary Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557241.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Gender Equity in the Medical Profession `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595991.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
IGI Global Scientific Publishing `div.login-background > div.text-align-left > div.text-align-center > img.logo-img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-logo.webp	265 x 68 (3.90)	494 x 141 (3.50)
Slide 5 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	conferences.upcea.edu/regional/images/UPCEA-Logo.jpg	356 x 220 (1.62)	214 x 143 (1.50)
Start-Ups and SMEs `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799817604.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	150 x 198 (0.76)
Encyclopedia of Criminal Activities and the Deep Web `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522597155.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	150 x 198 (0.76)
Start-Ups and SMEs `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799817604.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	150 x 198 (0.76)
Encyclopedia of Criminal Activities and the Deep Web `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522597155.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	150 x 198 (0.76)
Start-Ups and SMEs `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799817604.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	150 x 198 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Clinical Applications of Computerized Occlusal Analysis… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522592549.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	150 x 198 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Clinical Applications of Computerized Occlusal Analysis… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522592549.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	150 x 198 (0.76)

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Specifying a doctype prevents the browser from switching to quirks-mode. Learn more about the doctype declaration.

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General

Deprecated APIs will eventually be removed from the browser. Learn more about deprecated APIs.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Deprecation / Warning	Source
Unload event listeners are deprecated and will be removed.	/ScriptResource.axd?d=NJmAwtEo3Ipnlaxl6CMhvkql_yXEPqA7jqG... line 4, col 57515

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Source Description

Source	Description
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g... line 22846, col 19334	TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading 'add') at e.initADA (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:19335) at e.init (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:19101) at new <anonymous> (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:2832) at i.fn.slick (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:42781) at HTMLDocument.<anonymous> (https://www.igi-global.com/:401:25) at i (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:27449) at Object.fireWith [as resolveWith] (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:28213) at n.ready (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:30006) at HTMLDocument.K (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:30368)

/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g... line 22846, col 19334

TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading 'add')
    at e.initADA (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:19335)
    at e.init (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:19101)
    at new <anonymous> (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:2832)
    at i.fn.slick (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:42781)
    at HTMLDocument.<anonymous> (https://www.igi-global.com/:401:25)
    at i (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:27449)
    at Object.fireWith [as resolveWith] (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:28213)
    at n.ready (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:30006)
    at HTMLDocument.K (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:30368)

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Map URL
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/jquery-1.12.4.min.map;
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...

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