C — https://academia.edu | BeaverCheck Audit

Site Health

Score: 71 / 100

Based on 8 categories, 0 sections

Decent speed, but optimizing further could improve engagement.

Good foundation, but a few gaps could be exploited.

Several issues make your site difficult for assistive technology users.

Missing signals may be hurting your search visibility.

Good server performance with room for optimization.

Mostly compliant — a few items need attention.

Missing metadata means poor previews on social media and search.

Heavier than average — reducing page weight saves energy and bandwidth.

How is this calculated?

The overall score is a weighted average of individual category scores. Categories with more impact on user experience and security carry more weight.

Performance 25%Security 25%Accessibility 15%SEO 10%Infrastructure 10%Compliance 8%Content 5%Sustainability 2%

Weights reflect general web best practices. Individual needs may differ.

How the composite score is calculated

How you compare

Amazon Route 53 sites average 72

At average

Better than 19% of Amazon Route 53 sites See full Amazon Route 53 benchmark →

AngularJS sites average 73

At average

Better than 20% of AngularJS sites See full AngularJS benchmark →

Top Priorities (5)

Content-Security-Policy header is missing

Security gaps expose your site and users to attacks, eroding trust.

Security › Security Headers

HSTS header is missing

Security gaps expose your site and users to attacks, eroding trust.

Security › Security Headers

No Content-Security-Policy header found

Security gaps expose your site and users to attacks, eroding trust.

Security › Content Security Policy

209 third-party resources (100% of weight)

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Performance › Page Weight Inventory

210 HTTP requests — consider bundling or reducing

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Performance › Page Weight Budget

View fix priority matrix

Fix Priority Matrix

5 findings

Impact

Quick Wins

High impact, low effort — start here.

Strategic

High impact, requires investment.

Easy Improvements

Small gains, minimal effort.

Nothing in this quadrant — good news.

Deprioritize

Low impact, high effort — do last.

Nothing in this quadrant — good news.

← Low effort High effort →

Embed this badge

Markdown

[![BeaverCheck](https://beavercheck.com/badge?url=https%3A%2F%2Facademia.edu)](https://beavercheck.com/results/5017fc52-a346-48b3-a06f-c5bfdb418f7b)

HTML

<a href="https://beavercheck.com/results/5017fc52-a346-48b3-a06f-c5bfdb418f7b"><img src="https://beavercheck.com/badge?url=https%3A%2F%2Facademia.edu" alt="BeaverCheck Score"></a>

Image URL

https://beavercheck.com/badge?url=https%3A%2F%2Facademia.edu

This badge auto-updates with your latest scan result.

What fixing these means

Your site performs reasonably well, but a few targeted fixes could meaningfully improve results. Your LCP of 22.4s exceeds Google's 2.5s 'Good' threshold and the 2 performance issues below directly contribute to it. Addressing the critical issues below would have the most immediate impact on your user trust.

3 security gaps detected — browsers may warn visitors about your site.

Your LCP is 22.4s — fixing the 2 performance criticals could bring it under Google's 2.5s 'Good' threshold.

Conversion Barriers

2 critical 7 warning

9 barrier(s) likely increasing bounce by ~31%.

Speed (2)

Page takes 22.4s to load

+12% bounce

Users abandon at ~3s — you're 19.9s over the 2.5s threshold

Fix: Optimize render-blocking resources, preload the hero image, and compress images

Page feels frozen for 2.0s

+5% bounce

Clicks on the primary CTA are ignored while JavaScript runs

Fix: Break up long tasks; defer non-critical JavaScript to post-hydration

Trust (2)

No HSTS header

+1% bounce

Returning visitors are briefly exposed to downgrade attacks on first request

Fix: Set Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains

No Content-Security-Policy header

+1% bounce

Higher XSS blast radius — one compromised script can exfiltrate the checkout form

Fix: Ship a reporting-only CSP first, then enforce once violations are clean

Content (4)

No Open Graph tags

+2% bounce

Links shared on LinkedIn / Slack / Facebook show bare URLs — referral clicks drop

Fix: Add og:title, og:description, og:image, og:url to the page head

No structured data

+2% bounce

No rich-result eligibility in Google — lower SERP CTR vs competitors with stars and prices

Fix: Add JSON-LD for your page type (Product, Article, FAQPage, LocalBusiness, …)

Thin content

+3% bounce

Under 300 words — visitors bounce looking for substance, search engines rank competitors first

Fix: Add a substantive FAQ, product detail, or case-study section

Content is hard to read

+2% bounce

Graduate-level reading difficulty — limits the addressable audience for product or blog pages

Fix: Shorten sentences; replace jargon with plain language; target Flesch ease ≥60

Navigation (1)

No skip-to-content link

+1% bounce

Keyboard and screen-reader users must tab through the entire header on every page

Fix: Add a visible-on-focus <a href="#main">Skip to content</a> as the first focusable element

Preliminary CRO audit — each barrier links to the tab with detailed analysis.

Return on Investment

$550 investment → $0.93/month returns + USD 150,000 risk avoided

Payback period: > 2 years First-year ROI: -98%

Investment

$550

6h · 5 findings

Monthly returns

$0.93 /mo

~$11 / year

Bandwidth savings $0.93

Regulatory risk avoided

USD 150,000

if kept compliant

ADA Title III USD 150,000

$150 — in quick wins — start here for the fastest payback

Figures combine localized regulatory fine ceilings, search/conversion value priced against local CPC, and bandwidth waste estimates. Results depend on implementation quality and audience composition. Not legal or financial advice.

Full methodology & sources

Estimated Remediation Cost

$550

5.5 developer hours at $100/hr

Based on United States rates ($100/hr)

Quick wins

$150 3 fixes in ~90 minutes

Start here for the best return on investment

Cost by category

Cost by effort level

Adjust assumptions

Custom rate

$ /hr

Rates reflect fully-loaded developer cost including overhead

How developer rates are sourced

What Inaction Is Costing You

$12,501 / month at risk

~$150,011 / year if left unfixed

Compliance Risk

$150,000

ADA Title III

No <nav> landmark found
ADA Title III: USD 25,000 – USD 150,000
Skip navigation link is missing (WCAG 2.4.1)
ADA Title III: USD 25,000 – USD 150,000

Bandwidth Waste

$0.93 /mo

11595.9 MB/mo × 0.080 USD/GB

Optimize transfer: save ~1.2 MB per page load
Saves $0.93/mo

Compliance figures represent the statutory maximum fine for the most severe triggered category, capped per regulation — not the sum of per-finding penalties. Based on published regulatory fine ranges. This is not legal advice.

Compliance methodology · SEO assumptions · Bandwidth model

Your performance is already good — improvements may show diminishing returns

Monthly visitors

Unique monthly visitors from your analytics

Conversion rate (%)

Purchases, signups, or key actions

Avg. order value

Optional — for revenue estimation

additional conversions/month

more engaged visitors from reduced bounce

potential monthly revenue

Current bounce (est.)

After fixes (est.)

Estimated bounce reduction

Fix 3 critical issues to capture this value

How this is calculated

Based on Google/Deloitte research ("Milliseconds Make Millions") showing a ~7% bounce rate increase per additional second of LCP above the 2.5s "Good" threshold.

Your site's LCP: → estimated after fixes.

These are estimates based on industry research — actual results vary

Bounce-rate model & assumptions

Your data stays in your browser — nothing is sent to our servers

Was this report useful?

Thanks for your feedback!

We'll use a cached audit if available, or offer to scan.

Checking for existing audit...

Press ? for shortcuts

Lighthouse Scores

Industry-standard audits powered by Google Lighthouse.

Performance

Accessibility

Best Practices

SEO

Core Web Vitals

Key metrics that affect user experience.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

7.25 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

22.35 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

1.96 s

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.000

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

9.02 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

22.67 s

Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

Why this matters

Shipping ES5 transpiled code to modern browsers wastes bytes — every user with an evergreen browser pays for compatibility you don't need.

Learn more ▾

Most users today run browsers that natively support ES6+, async/await, optional chaining, and the rest of modern JavaScript. Transpiling to ES5 'just in case' adds 20-40% to your bundle for no benefit. Configure your build to target a modern browserslist, or ship a differential bundle pair (modern + legacy) with the module/nomodule pattern.

Source: Google web.dev / Lighthouse

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Request	Cache TTL	Transfer Size
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/top_hero.png	86400.0 s	651.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/closing_hero.png	86400.0 s	466.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/fonts/design_system/Material-Symbols-Outlined.woff2	86400.0 s	275.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/core_webpack.wjs-a114924156048b6e.js	86400.0 s	210.5 KiB
connect.facebook.net/en_US/bundle/sdk.js/	1200.0 s	77.7 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/346304/94113/206747/s65_peter.griffiths.jpg	0.0 ms	33.7 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/173215/214906/251014/s65_patrick.kirch.jpg	0.0 ms	26.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/fonts/design_system/DM-Sans_100-1000_normal_latin.woff2	86400.0 s	62.1 KiB
/assets/academia-f708a0733e68810783f352ff4508912c9e1368b7...	86400.0 s	46.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/7776-c999a53cbd1ec1ba.js	86400.0 s	45.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8629-b439736bcfef2791.js	86400.0 s	42.6 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/326097/91654/100948/s65_martin.brasier.jpg	0.0 ms	14.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/fonts/design_system/Roboto_100-900_normal_latin.woff2	86400.0 s	34.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/9345-f130cb271f4690e6.js	86400.0 s	33.9 KiB
/webpack_bundles/js/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_ch...	86400.0 s	33.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4543-4257cdf9b7a0c936.js	86400.0 s	30.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/7963-e6e53b81fe1594cc.js	86400.0 s	30.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/design_system-2a25dbc2c93dddef.js	86400.0 s	25.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/196-07898e620f030789.js	86400.0 s	25.2 KiB
/assets/libraries-3fa2f250cbcbdaf5b86ae47033e8e4e4af4d5e8...	86400.0 s	23.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2621-6f946f1b57ae22c8.js	86400.0 s	20.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/design_system-95ceee0966febe22.css	86400.0 s	20.1 KiB
/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/scripts/jsd/b0a7532ac8ec/...	14400.0 s	11.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/217-ee4a4e16f1fd8eb5.js	86400.0 s	19.1 KiB
appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js	86400.0 s	17.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/fonts/design_system/Roboto_100-900_normal_symbols.woff2	86400.0 s	17.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/6638-298cdbaf694b3010.js	86400.0 s	13.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/fonts/design_system/Gupter_400_normal_latin.woff2	86400.0 s	13.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2274-7b44007443060856.js	86400.0 s	13.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/5083-c27034133a489108.js	86400.0 s	13.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/3519-aa2ae30c046fa895.js	86400.0 s	12.2 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/518967/182200/212372/s65_takeharu.haino.jpg	0.0 ms	4.8 KiB
connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js	1200.0 s	5.1 KiB
/beacon.min.js/v8c78df7c7c0f484497ecbca7046644da177152312...	86400.0 s	10.7 KiB
/assets/landing-95c7eaf523445291870208b379414bcd6d0df1fae...	86400.0 s	9.8 KiB
/assets/design_system_legacy-f57e67de2c1f349fd3ab19d5d11c...	86400.0 s	9.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/6496-0573bf035ed5dce9.css	86400.0 s	9.2 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/3528-b86f0f8e9ec89154.js	86400.0 s	9.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4483-b50c88e8bfe65845.js	86400.0 s	8.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/1255-afe7ee919ce55fdf.js	86400.0 s	8.3 KiB
/webpack_bundles/js/unibrow_chooser_legacy.wjs-f692d95514...	86400.0 s	8.1 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/211731/48722/467352/s65_andrei.orlov.jpg	0.0 ms	3.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/877-37d12d58343c5b7a.js	86400.0 s	7.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2226-e5f5b649f067a331.js	86400.0 s	6.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/logged_out_home.wjs-7f9a8264d326ad84.js	86400.0 s	6.5 KiB
/assets/simpler/logged_out_header-9f7827bfc7309050387f37e...	86400.0 s	5.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/3528-407b17dbc4247f26.css	86400.0 s	5.6 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/1823384/621554/771362/s65_ian.freckelton.jpg	0.0 ms	2.2 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/core_webpack.wjs-082ef8748f14914a.css	86400.0 s	5.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/1020-63fde3ae4617ab11.js	86400.0 s	5.0 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/183613/89403/97371/s65_eugene.terentjev.jpg	0.0 ms	2.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2705-ba2d4f989c985af4.js	86400.0 s	4.9 KiB
/assets/design_system/default_tokens/default-e25c09b05330...	86400.0 s	4.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4443-5b1151d3c0f5e7f7.js	86400.0 s	4.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2193-de01c83c288e0ca9.js	86400.0 s	4.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8452-76fdcaddf6ec4989.js	86400.0 s	4.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8290-44f4371f81ecb94e.js	86400.0 s	3.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8224-c4b984f9d91090d2.js	86400.0 s	3.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/runtime-719ff61db51b01b6.js	86400.0 s	3.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2636-3f9347bbc558ae12.js	86400.0 s	3.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/1580-febc7d6de64c4e66.js	86400.0 s	3.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2016-19876abfc590f852.js	86400.0 s	2.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4104-44980874178155cf.js	86400.0 s	2.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/sentry.wjs-d6830fdc92481ac6.js	86400.0 s	2.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/design_system/academia_logo_white.svg	86400.0 s	2.5 KiB
/assets/design_system/font-faces-2356cee1de094354769ab30b...	86400.0 s	2.5 KiB
/assets/about_hiring/footer-22aa592ae3ab7f8b66d3750d45cf6...	86400.0 s	1.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg	86400.0 s	1.8 KiB
/assets/design_system/button-80d93fb4fd1606cd6c8381044b82...	86400.0 s	1.7 KiB
/assets/design_system/common-ae6595f765bfa5b551eb44e15de4...	86400.0 s	1.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/google/google-color-transparent-bg-2.svg	86400.0 s	1.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/discover-research.svg	86400.0 s	1.6 KiB
/webpack_bundles/css/unibrow_chooser_legacy.wjs-a74902ddb...	86400.0 s	1.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png	86400.0 s	1.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/facebook/facebook-color-transparent-bg-2.svg	86400.0 s	1.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-blue-user.svg	86400.0 s	1.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/design_system/academia_logo_short_white.svg	86400.0 s	1.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg	86400.0 s	1.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/apple/apple-black.svg	86400.0 s	1.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/track-impact.svg	86400.0 s	1.2 KiB
/assets/design_system/body-49aa1568dcfb4df74b8135251bcd4d...	86400.0 s	1.2 KiB
/assets/design_system/heading-4dcbd24c81b9b851cdfb834f5d2...	86400.0 s	1.2 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-gold-paper.svg	86400.0 s	1.2 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-green-star.svg	86400.0 s	1.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-blue-checkmark.svg	86400.0 s	1018 B
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-right-arrow.svg	86400.0 s	798 B

Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL	Resource Size	Est Savings
div.DesignSystem > div.new-lohp-container > div.top-section > div.landing-hero-image `div.DesignSystem > div.new-lohp-container > div.top-section > div.landing-hero-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/top_hero.png	650.6 KiB	588.4 KiB
div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img `div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/closing_hero.png	465.8 KiB	448.5 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/118352/469924/592044/s65_andreas.fickers.jpg	32.6 KiB	32.5 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/23978036/6473763/7321516/s65_norbert.schwarz.jpg	11.2 KiB	11.1 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/68338/1209003/8013886/s65_kalle.pihlainen.jpg	11.2 KiB	11.0 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/695663/917481/1147821/s65_michael.shur.jpg	8.1 KiB	8.0 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/54387/16255/217297/s65_joshua.pearce.jpg	7.3 KiB	7.2 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/32540595/9751655/10863433/s65_eray.aydil.jpg	6.4 KiB	6.3 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/13941/4680/4872108/s65_peter.scholliers.jp2	5.6 KiB	5.5 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/10483/31638845/28953264/s65_jere_r..behrman.jpg	5.1 KiB	5.0 KiB

Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

lhId: page-0-DIV

nodeLabel: div.DesignSystem > div.new-lohp-container > div.top-section > div.landing-hero-image

path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,10,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV

selector: div.DesignSystem > div.new-lohp-container > div.top-section > div.landing-hero-image

snippet: <div class="landing-hero-image">

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.

title: Preconnected origins

value: no origins were preconnected

description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.

title: Preconnect candidates

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size	Duration
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4104-44980874178155cf.js	2.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/core_webpack.wjs-a114924156048b6e.js	210.5 KiB	1.1 s
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/1580-febc7d6de64c4e66.js	3.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2226-e5f5b649f067a331.js	6.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4543-4257cdf9b7a0c936.js	30.7 KiB	151 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/217-ee4a4e16f1fd8eb5.js	19.1 KiB	151 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4483-b50c88e8bfe65845.js	8.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8629-b439736bcfef2791.js	42.6 KiB	301 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8452-76fdcaddf6ec4989.js	4.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2705-ba2d4f989c985af4.js	4.9 KiB	151 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/sentry.wjs-d6830fdc92481ac6.js	2.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/9345-f130cb271f4690e6.js	33.9 KiB	301 ms
/webpack_bundles/js/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_ch...	33.4 KiB	151 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/7776-c999a53cbd1ec1ba.js	45.0 KiB	151 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/1255-afe7ee919ce55fdf.js	8.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4443-5b1151d3c0f5e7f7.js	4.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/1020-63fde3ae4617ab11.js	5.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2274-7b44007443060856.js	13.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/3519-aa2ae30c046fa895.js	12.2 KiB	151 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2636-3f9347bbc558ae12.js	3.1 KiB	151 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/6638-298cdbaf694b3010.js	13.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/design_system-2a25dbc2c93dddef.js	25.8 KiB	151 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2193-de01c83c288e0ca9.js	4.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2016-19876abfc590f852.js	2.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/877-37d12d58343c5b7a.js	7.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/196-07898e620f030789.js	25.2 KiB	151 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2621-6f946f1b57ae22c8.js	20.3 KiB	151 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/7963-e6e53b81fe1594cc.js	30.5 KiB	151 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8290-44f4371f81ecb94e.js	3.7 KiB
/assets/academia-f708a0733e68810783f352ff4508912c9e1368b7...	46.7 KiB	452 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/runtime-719ff61db51b01b6.js	3.4 KiB
/assets/design_system_legacy-f57e67de2c1f349fd3ab19d5d11c...	9.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/design_system-95ceee0966febe22.css	20.1 KiB	151 ms
/webpack_bundles/css/unibrow_chooser_legacy.wjs-a74902ddb...	1.6 KiB
/assets/design_system/common-ae6595f765bfa5b551eb44e15de4...	1.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/3528-407b17dbc4247f26.css	5.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/core_webpack.wjs-082ef8748f14914a.css	5.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/6496-0573bf035ed5dce9.css	9.2 KiB	151 ms
/assets/libraries-3fa2f250cbcbdaf5b86ae47033e8e4e4af4d5e8...	23.6 KiB	301 ms
/assets/design_system/font-faces-2356cee1de094354769ab30b...	2.5 KiB
/assets/design_system/default_tokens/default-e25c09b05330...	4.8 KiB	151 ms

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 771 ms

URL	Time Spent
academia.edu/	771 ms
www.academia.edu/	0.0 ms

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Diagnostics

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 450 ms 87.5 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/assets/academia-f708a0733e68810783f352ff4508912c9e1368b7...	46.1 KiB	45.8 KiB
/assets/libraries-3fa2f250cbcbdaf5b86ae47033e8e4e4af4d5e8...	23.0 KiB	22.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/design_system-95ceee0966febe22.css	19.4 KiB	19.2 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Multi-megabyte JavaScript bundles delay every interactive feature on the page.

Learn more ▾

This is the Lighthouse audit fired when too much JS is shipped relative to what executes. The fix isn't a config flag — it requires bundle analysis (webpack-bundle-analyzer, rollup-plugin-visualizer), splitting routes into chunks, lazy-loading off-screen components, and removing unused dependencies. Fundamentally different from minification: minifying reduces byte count, this reduces what's downloaded at all.

Source: Google web.dev / Lighthouse

Estimated savings: 2.6 s 547.9 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z&l=dataLayer_old	132.7 KiB	83.1 KiB
accounts.google.com/gsi/client	95.4 KiB	72.9 KiB
accounts.google.com/gsi/client	95.4 KiB	70.2 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS	164.9 KiB	64.5 KiB
/gtag/destination?id=AW-381421769&l=dataLayer_old&cx=c&gt...	137.5 KiB	59.7 KiB
connect.facebook.net/en_US/bundle/sdk.js/	77.6 KiB	56.2 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/core_webpack.wjs-a114924156048b6e.js	195.1 KiB	49.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8629-b439736bcfef2791.js	42.0 KiB	24.6 KiB
/webpack_bundles/js/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_ch...	32.8 KiB	24.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/design_system-2a25dbc2c93dddef.js	25.1 KiB	21.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/7963-e6e53b81fe1594cc.js	29.8 KiB	21.2 KiB

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling, and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to reduce Javascript execution time.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Total CPU Time	Script Evaluation	Script Parse
Unattributable	1.1 s	29 ms	0.0 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4543-4257cdf9b7a0c936.js	756 ms	625 ms	12 ms
www.academia.edu/	682 ms	62 ms	13 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/core_webpack.wjs-a114924156048b6e.js	519 ms	379 ms	124 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS	364 ms	296 ms	65 ms
www.academia.edu/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js	306 ms	292 ms	4.1 ms
/gtag/destination?id=AW-381421769&l=dataLayer_old&cx=c&gt...	265 ms	211 ms	51 ms
/webpack_bundles/js/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_ch...	262 ms	218 ms	12 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/logged_out_home.wjs-7f9a8264d326ad84.js	211 ms	157 ms	2.4 ms
accounts.google.com/gsi/client	186 ms	95 ms	90 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z&l=dataLayer_old	139 ms	94 ms	44 ms
connect.facebook.net/en_US/bundle/sdk.js/	94 ms	60 ms	33 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/sentry.wjs-d6830fdc92481ac6.js	63 ms	62 ms	0.8 ms
/beacon.min.js/v8c78df7c7c0f484497ecbca7046644da177152312...	54 ms	37 ms	4.1 ms

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to minimize main-thread work

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Category	Time Spent
Script Evaluation	2.7 s
Other	1.2 s
Script Parsing & Compilation	706 ms
Style & Layout	493 ms
Parse HTML & CSS	157 ms
Garbage Collection	114 ms
Rendering	47 ms

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/top_hero.png	651.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/closing_hero.png	466.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/fonts/design_system/Material-Symbols-Outlined.woff2	275.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/core_webpack.wjs-a114924156048b6e.js	210.5 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS	165.2 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/31778274/9433880/10522268/s65_hans-peter.klenk.jpg	150.0 KiB
/gtag/destination?id=AW-381421769&l=dataLayer_old&cx=c&gt...	137.8 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z&l=dataLayer_old	132.7 KiB
accounts.google.com/gsi/client	96.1 KiB
connect.facebook.net/en_US/bundle/sdk.js/	77.7 KiB

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL
div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img `div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/closing_hero.png
Academia `div.text-column > div.academia-logo > a > img`	a.academia-assets.com/images/design_system/academia_logo_short_white.svg
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/discover-research.svg
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/track-impact.svg
Academia `div.subfooter-row > div.academia-logo > a > img`	a.academia-assets.com/images/design_system/academia_logo_white.svg
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-blue-user.svg
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-gold-paper.svg
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-green-star.svg
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-right-arrow.svg
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-right-arrow.svg
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-right-arrow.svg

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Layout shift culprits

●Optimize DOM size

●Font display

●Forced reflow

●LCP breakdown

●Modern HTTP

●Optimize viewport for mobile

●Minify CSS

●Minify JavaScript

●User Timing marks and measures 11 user timings

●Avoid long main-thread tasks 15 long tasks found

●Page didn't prevent back/forward cache restoration

●Network Requests

●Network Round Trip Times 60 ms

●Server Backend Latencies 270 ms

●Tasks

●Diagnostics

●Metrics

●Screenshot Thumbnails

●Final Screenshot

●Script Treemap Data

●Resources Summary

●Initial server response time was short Root document took 270 ms

○INP breakdown

○Avoid non-composited animations

○Avoid large layout shifts

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Names and labels

When a button doesn't have an accessible name, screen readers announce it as "button", making it unusable for users who rely on screen readers. Learn how to make buttons more accessible.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div#main-header-container > div.header--inner-container > nav.header--nav-buttons > button.header--hamburger-button `div#main-header-container > div.header--inner-container > nav.header--nav-buttons > button.header--hamburger-button`

Informative elements should aim for short, descriptive alternate text. Decorative elements can be ignored with an empty alt attribute. Learn more about the `alt` attribute.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`
div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image `div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image`
div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image `div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image`
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`
div.university-container > div.uni-logo-double-rows > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo `div.university-container > div.uni-logo-double-rows > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo`
div.university-container > div.uni-logo-double-rows > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo `div.university-container > div.uni-logo-double-rows > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo`
div.university-container > div.uni-logo-double-rows > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo `div.university-container > div.uni-logo-double-rows > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo`
div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img `div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img`

Link text (and alternate text for images, when used as links) that is discernible, unique, and focusable improves the navigation experience for screen reader users. Learn how to make links accessible.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Navigation

Properly ordered headings that do not skip levels convey the semantic structure of the page, making it easier to navigate and understand when using assistive technologies. Learn more about heading order.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Explore our top research interests `div.js-sticky-actions-trigger > div.landing-research-interests > div.landing-research-interests-heading-container > h4.featured-research-interests-title`
RESEARCHER `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > h6.u-textUppercase`

These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

Best practices

One main landmark helps screen reader users navigate a web page. Learn more about landmarks.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
html.ms-loaded `html.ms-loaded`

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●Form elements have associated labels

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

○Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

○`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○`[role]` values are valid

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

○`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Identical links have the same purpose.

○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

Best Practices

General

Deprecated APIs will eventually be removed from the browser. Learn more about deprecated APIs.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Deprecation / Warning	Source
SharedStorage	www.academia.edu/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js
StorageType.persistent is deprecated. Please use standardized navigator.storage instead.	www.academia.edu/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js
Fledge	www.academia.edu/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Source	Description
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4543-4257cdf9b7a0c936.js line 1, col 5558	`[GSI_LOGGER]: FedCM get() rejects with AbortError: signal is aborted without reason`
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4543-4257cdf9b7a0c936.js line 1, col 5558	`[GSI_LOGGER]: FedCM get() rejects with NetworkError: Error retrieving a token.`
www.academia.edu/	`Not signed in with the identity provider.`
www.academia.edu/	`Not signed in with the identity provider.`

●Uses HTTPS

●Avoids third-party cookies

●Allows users to paste into input fields

●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load

●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load

●Displays images with correct aspect ratio

●Serves images with appropriate resolution

●Page has the HTML doctype

●Properly defines charset

●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools

●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks

●Use a strong HSTS policy

●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP

●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types

●Detected JavaScript libraries

●Page has valid source maps

○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS

○Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP

SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

Content Best Practices

Informative elements should aim for short, descriptive alternate text. Decorative elements can be ignored with an empty alt attribute. Learn more about the `alt` attribute.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`
div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image `div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image`
div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image `div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image`
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`
div.university-container > div.uni-logo-double-rows > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo `div.university-container > div.uni-logo-double-rows > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo`
div.university-container > div.uni-logo-double-rows > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo `div.university-container > div.uni-logo-double-rows > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo`
div.university-container > div.uni-logo-double-rows > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo `div.university-container > div.uni-logo-double-rows > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo`
div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img `div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img`

Format your HTML in a way that enables crawlers to better understand your app’s content.

○Structured data is valid

●Page isn’t blocked from indexing

●Document has a `<title>` element

●Document has a meta description

●Page has successful HTTP status code

●Links have descriptive text

●Links are crawlable

●robots.txt is valid

●Document has a valid `hreflang`

●Document has a valid `rel=canonical`

Lighthouse Scores

Industry-standard audits powered by Google Lighthouse. — Desktop

Performance

Accessibility

Best Practices

SEO

Core Web Vitals

Key metrics that affect user experience. — Desktop

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

1.45 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

3.07 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

71 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.000

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

1.88 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

3.29 s

Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Why this matters

Shipping ES5 transpiled code to modern browsers wastes bytes — every user with an evergreen browser pays for compatibility you don't need.

Learn more ▾

Source: Google web.dev / Lighthouse

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Request	Cache TTL	Transfer Size
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/top_hero.png	86400.0 s	651.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/closing_hero.png	86400.0 s	466.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/impact-example.png	86400.0 s	306.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/research-example.png	86400.0 s	305.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/fonts/design_system/Material-Symbols-Outlined.woff2	86400.0 s	275.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/core_webpack.wjs-a114924156048b6e.js	86400.0 s	210.5 KiB
connect.facebook.net/en_US/bundle/sdk.js/	1200.0 s	77.7 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/346304/94113/206747/s65_peter.griffiths.jpg	0.0 ms	33.7 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/173215/214906/251014/s65_patrick.kirch.jpg	0.0 ms	26.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/fonts/design_system/DM-Sans_100-1000_normal_latin.woff2	86400.0 s	62.1 KiB
/assets/academia-f708a0733e68810783f352ff4508912c9e1368b7...	86400.0 s	46.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/t-steve.png	86400.0 s	46.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/7776-c999a53cbd1ec1ba.js	86400.0 s	45.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/t-alisdair.png	86400.0 s	44.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8629-b439736bcfef2791.js	86400.0 s	42.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/t-trevor.png	86400.0 s	38.8 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/326097/91654/100948/s65_martin.brasier.jpg	0.0 ms	14.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/fonts/design_system/Roboto_100-900_normal_latin.woff2	86400.0 s	34.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/9345-f130cb271f4690e6.js	86400.0 s	33.9 KiB
/webpack_bundles/js/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_ch...	86400.0 s	33.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4543-4257cdf9b7a0c936.js	86400.0 s	30.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/7963-e6e53b81fe1594cc.js	86400.0 s	30.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/design_system-2a25dbc2c93dddef.js	86400.0 s	25.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/196-07898e620f030789.js	86400.0 s	25.2 KiB
/assets/libraries-3fa2f250cbcbdaf5b86ae47033e8e4e4af4d5e8...	86400.0 s	23.6 KiB
/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/scripts/jsd/b0a7532ac8ec/...	14400.0 s	11.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2621-6f946f1b57ae22c8.js	86400.0 s	20.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/design_system-95ceee0966febe22.css	86400.0 s	20.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/217-ee4a4e16f1fd8eb5.js	86400.0 s	19.1 KiB
appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js	86400.0 s	17.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/fonts/design_system/Roboto_100-900_normal_symbols.woff2	86400.0 s	17.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/6638-298cdbaf694b3010.js	86400.0 s	13.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/fonts/design_system/Gupter_400_normal_latin.woff2	86400.0 s	13.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2274-7b44007443060856.js	86400.0 s	13.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/5083-c27034133a489108.js	86400.0 s	13.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/3519-aa2ae30c046fa895.js	86400.0 s	12.2 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/518967/182200/212372/s65_takeharu.haino.jpg	0.0 ms	4.8 KiB
connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js	1200.0 s	5.1 KiB
/beacon.min.js/v8c78df7c7c0f484497ecbca7046644da177152312...	86400.0 s	10.7 KiB
/assets/landing-95c7eaf523445291870208b379414bcd6d0df1fae...	86400.0 s	9.8 KiB
/assets/design_system_legacy-f57e67de2c1f349fd3ab19d5d11c...	86400.0 s	9.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/6496-0573bf035ed5dce9.css	86400.0 s	9.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/3528-b86f0f8e9ec89154.js	86400.0 s	9.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4483-b50c88e8bfe65845.js	86400.0 s	8.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/1255-afe7ee919ce55fdf.js	86400.0 s	8.3 KiB
/webpack_bundles/js/unibrow_chooser_legacy.wjs-f692d95514...	86400.0 s	8.1 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/211731/48722/467352/s65_andrei.orlov.jpg	0.0 ms	3.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/877-37d12d58343c5b7a.js	86400.0 s	7.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2226-e5f5b649f067a331.js	86400.0 s	6.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/logged_out_home.wjs-7f9a8264d326ad84.js	86400.0 s	6.5 KiB
/assets/simpler/logged_out_header-9f7827bfc7309050387f37e...	86400.0 s	5.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/3528-407b17dbc4247f26.css	86400.0 s	5.6 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/1823384/621554/771362/s65_ian.freckelton.jpg	0.0 ms	2.2 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/core_webpack.wjs-082ef8748f14914a.css	86400.0 s	5.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/1020-63fde3ae4617ab11.js	86400.0 s	5.0 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/183613/89403/97371/s65_eugene.terentjev.jpg	0.0 ms	2.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2705-ba2d4f989c985af4.js	86400.0 s	4.9 KiB
/assets/design_system/default_tokens/default-e25c09b05330...	86400.0 s	4.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4443-5b1151d3c0f5e7f7.js	86400.0 s	4.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2193-de01c83c288e0ca9.js	86400.0 s	4.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8452-76fdcaddf6ec4989.js	86400.0 s	4.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8290-44f4371f81ecb94e.js	86400.0 s	3.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8224-c4b984f9d91090d2.js	86400.0 s	3.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/runtime-719ff61db51b01b6.js	86400.0 s	3.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2636-3f9347bbc558ae12.js	86400.0 s	3.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/1580-febc7d6de64c4e66.js	86400.0 s	3.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2016-19876abfc590f852.js	86400.0 s	2.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4104-44980874178155cf.js	86400.0 s	2.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/sentry.wjs-d6830fdc92481ac6.js	86400.0 s	2.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/design_system/academia_logo_white.svg	86400.0 s	2.5 KiB
/assets/design_system/font-faces-2356cee1de094354769ab30b...	86400.0 s	2.5 KiB
/assets/about_hiring/footer-22aa592ae3ab7f8b66d3750d45cf6...	86400.0 s	1.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg	86400.0 s	1.8 KiB
/assets/design_system/button-80d93fb4fd1606cd6c8381044b82...	86400.0 s	1.7 KiB
/assets/design_system/common-ae6595f765bfa5b551eb44e15de4...	86400.0 s	1.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/publish-work.svg	86400.0 s	1.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/discover-research.svg	86400.0 s	1.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/google/google-color-transparent-bg-2.svg	86400.0 s	1.6 KiB
/webpack_bundles/css/unibrow_chooser_legacy.wjs-a74902ddb...	86400.0 s	1.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png	86400.0 s	1.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/facebook/facebook-color-transparent-bg-2.svg	86400.0 s	1.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-blue-user.svg	86400.0 s	1.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/design_system/academia_logo_short_white.svg	86400.0 s	1.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg	86400.0 s	1.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/apple/apple-black.svg	86400.0 s	1.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/track-impact.svg	86400.0 s	1.3 KiB
/assets/design_system/body-49aa1568dcfb4df74b8135251bcd4d...	86400.0 s	1.2 KiB
/assets/design_system/heading-4dcbd24c81b9b851cdfb834f5d2...	86400.0 s	1.2 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-gold-paper.svg	86400.0 s	1.2 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-green-star.svg	86400.0 s	1.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-blue-checkmark.svg	86400.0 s	1017 B
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/t-divider.svg	86400.0 s	838 B
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-right-arrow.svg	86400.0 s	801 B

Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL	Resource Size	Est Savings
div.DesignSystem > div.new-lohp-container > div.top-section > div.landing-hero-image `div.DesignSystem > div.new-lohp-container > div.top-section > div.landing-hero-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/top_hero.png	650.6 KiB	588.4 KiB
div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img `div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/closing_hero.png	465.8 KiB	428.7 KiB
div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image `div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/impact-example.png	305.4 KiB	261.5 KiB
div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image `div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/research-example.png	305.0 KiB	253.8 KiB
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/t-steve.png	45.4 KiB	43.2 KiB
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/t-alisdair.png	43.7 KiB	41.5 KiB
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/t-trevor.png	38.1 KiB	35.9 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/118352/469924/592044/s65_andreas.fickers.jpg	32.6 KiB	32.5 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/23978036/6473763/7321516/s65_norbert.schwarz.jpg	11.2 KiB	11.1 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/68338/1209003/8013886/s65_kalle.pihlainen.jpg	11.2 KiB	11.0 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/695663/917481/1147821/s65_michael.shur.jpg	8.1 KiB	8.0 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/54387/16255/217297/s65_joshua.pearce.jpg	7.3 KiB	7.2 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/32540595/9751655/10863433/s65_eray.aydil.jpg	6.4 KiB	6.3 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/13941/4680/4872108/s65_peter.scholliers.jp2	5.6 KiB	5.5 KiB
div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img `div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a > img`	0.academia-photos.com/10483/31638845/28953264/s65_jere_r..behrman.jpg	5.1 KiB	5.0 KiB

Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

lhId: page-0-DIV

nodeLabel: div.DesignSystem > div.new-lohp-container > div.top-section > div.landing-hero-image

path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,10,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV

selector: div.DesignSystem > div.new-lohp-container > div.top-section > div.landing-hero-image

snippet: <div class="landing-hero-image">

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

title: Preconnected origins

value: no origins were preconnected

description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.

title: Preconnect candidates

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size	Duration
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/core_webpack.wjs-a114924156048b6e.js	210.5 KiB	175 ms
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4543-4257cdf9b7a0c936.js	30.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4104-44980874178155cf.js	2.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8452-76fdcaddf6ec4989.js	4.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4443-5b1151d3c0f5e7f7.js	4.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/sentry.wjs-d6830fdc92481ac6.js	2.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2274-7b44007443060856.js	13.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/design_system-2a25dbc2c93dddef.js	25.8 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8629-b439736bcfef2791.js	42.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/1020-63fde3ae4617ab11.js	5.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2705-ba2d4f989c985af4.js	4.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/6638-298cdbaf694b3010.js	13.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2226-e5f5b649f067a331.js	6.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/1580-febc7d6de64c4e66.js	3.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2636-3f9347bbc558ae12.js	3.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2016-19876abfc590f852.js	2.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/1255-afe7ee919ce55fdf.js	8.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/217-ee4a4e16f1fd8eb5.js	19.1 KiB
/webpack_bundles/js/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_ch...	33.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4483-b50c88e8bfe65845.js	8.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/877-37d12d58343c5b7a.js	7.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2193-de01c83c288e0ca9.js	4.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/196-07898e620f030789.js	25.2 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/7776-c999a53cbd1ec1ba.js	45.0 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/3519-aa2ae30c046fa895.js	12.2 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/9345-f130cb271f4690e6.js	33.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/2621-6f946f1b57ae22c8.js	20.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8290-44f4371f81ecb94e.js	3.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/7963-e6e53b81fe1594cc.js	30.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/runtime-719ff61db51b01b6.js	3.4 KiB
/assets/academia-f708a0733e68810783f352ff4508912c9e1368b7...	46.7 KiB	87 ms
/assets/libraries-3fa2f250cbcbdaf5b86ae47033e8e4e4af4d5e8...	23.6 KiB
/assets/design_system_legacy-f57e67de2c1f349fd3ab19d5d11c...	9.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/6496-0573bf035ed5dce9.css	9.3 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/design_system-95ceee0966febe22.css	20.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/3528-407b17dbc4247f26.css	5.6 KiB
/webpack_bundles/css/unibrow_chooser_legacy.wjs-a74902ddb...	1.5 KiB
/assets/design_system/common-ae6595f765bfa5b551eb44e15de4...	1.6 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/core_webpack.wjs-082ef8748f14914a.css	5.4 KiB
/assets/design_system/default_tokens/default-e25c09b05330...	4.8 KiB
/assets/design_system/font-faces-2356cee1de094354769ab30b...	2.5 KiB

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 228 ms

URL	Time Spent
academia.edu/	228 ms
www.academia.edu/	0.0 ms

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Diagnostics

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 90 ms 74.5 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/assets/academia-f708a0733e68810783f352ff4508912c9e1368b7...	33.1 KiB	33.0 KiB
/assets/libraries-3fa2f250cbcbdaf5b86ae47033e8e4e4af4d5e8...	23.0 KiB	22.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/css/design_system-95ceee0966febe22.css	19.4 KiB	19.2 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Multi-megabyte JavaScript bundles delay every interactive feature on the page.

Learn more ▾

Source: Google web.dev / Lighthouse

Estimated savings: 130 ms 545.6 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z&l=dataLayer_old	132.7 KiB	82.0 KiB
accounts.google.com/gsi/client	95.4 KiB	73.9 KiB
accounts.google.com/gsi/client	95.4 KiB	67.2 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS	164.9 KiB	65.5 KiB
/gtag/destination?id=AW-381421769&l=dataLayer_old&cx=c&gt...	137.5 KiB	59.7 KiB
connect.facebook.net/en_US/bundle/sdk.js/	77.6 KiB	56.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/core_webpack.wjs-a114924156048b6e.js	195.1 KiB	49.1 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/8629-b439736bcfef2791.js	42.0 KiB	24.6 KiB
/webpack_bundles/js/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_ch...	32.8 KiB	24.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/design_system-2a25dbc2c93dddef.js	25.1 KiB	21.7 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/7963-e6e53b81fe1594cc.js	29.8 KiB	21.2 KiB

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/top_hero.png	651.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/closing_hero.png	466.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/impact-example.png	306.4 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/research-example.png	305.9 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/fonts/design_system/Material-Symbols-Outlined.woff2	275.5 KiB
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/core_webpack.wjs-a114924156048b6e.js	210.5 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS	165.2 KiB
0.academia-photos.com/31778274/9433880/10522268/s65_hans-peter.klenk.jpg	150.0 KiB
/gtag/destination?id=AW-381421769&l=dataLayer_old&cx=c&gt...	137.8 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z&l=dataLayer_old	132.7 KiB

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL
div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image `div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/research-example.png
div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image `div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/impact-example.png
div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img `div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/closing_hero.png
Academia `div.text-column > div.academia-logo > a > img`	a.academia-assets.com/images/design_system/academia_logo_short_white.svg
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/publish-work.svg
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/discover-research.svg
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/track-impact.svg
Academia `div.subfooter-row > div.academia-logo > a > img`	a.academia-assets.com/images/design_system/academia_logo_white.svg
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-blue-user.svg
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-gold-paper.svg
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-green-star.svg
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/t-divider.svg
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/t-divider.svg
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/t-divider.svg
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/t-divider.svg
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/t-divider.svg
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-right-arrow.svg
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-right-arrow.svg
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`	a.academia-assets.com/images/landing/icon-right-arrow.svg

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Layout shift culprits

●Optimize DOM size

●Font display

●Forced reflow

●LCP breakdown

●Modern HTTP

●Optimize viewport for mobile

●Minify CSS

●Minify JavaScript

●User Timing marks and measures 11 user timings

●JavaScript execution time 0.6 s

●Minimizes main-thread work 1.4 s

●Avoid long main-thread tasks 2 long tasks found

●Page didn't prevent back/forward cache restoration

●Network Requests

●Network Round Trip Times 50 ms

●Server Backend Latencies 120 ms

●Tasks

●Diagnostics

●Metrics

●Screenshot Thumbnails

●Final Screenshot

●Script Treemap Data

●Resources Summary

●Initial server response time was short Root document took 220 ms

○INP breakdown

○Avoid non-composited animations

○Avoid large layout shifts

Accessibility

Navigation

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Explore our top research interests `div.js-sticky-actions-trigger > div.landing-research-interests > div.landing-research-interests-heading-container > h4.featured-research-interests-title`
RESEARCHER `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > h6.u-textUppercase`

These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

Names and labels

Informative elements should aim for short, descriptive alternate text. Decorative elements can be ignored with an empty alt attribute. Learn more about the `alt` attribute.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`
div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image `div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image`
div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image `div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image`
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`
div.testimonial-section > div.university-container > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo `div.testimonial-section > div.university-container > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo`
div.testimonial-section > div.university-container > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo `div.testimonial-section > div.university-container > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo`
div.testimonial-section > div.university-container > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo `div.testimonial-section > div.university-container > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo`
div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img `div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img`

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`
div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a `div.primary-interest-container > div.primary-interest-profile-list > div.primary-interest-profile > a`

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Best practices

One main landmark helps screen reader users navigate a web page. Learn more about landmarks.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
html.ms-loaded `html.ms-loaded`

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Form elements have associated labels

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

○Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

○`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○`[role]` values are valid

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

○`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Identical links have the same purpose.

○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

Best Practices

General

Deprecated APIs will eventually be removed from the browser. Learn more about deprecated APIs.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Deprecation / Warning	Source
SharedStorage	www.academia.edu/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js
StorageType.persistent is deprecated. Please use standardized navigator.storage instead.	www.academia.edu/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js
Fledge	www.academia.edu/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Source	Description
a.academia-assets.com/webpack_bundles/js/4543-4257cdf9b7a0c936.js line 1, col 5558	`[GSI_LOGGER]: FedCM get() rejects with AbortError: signal is aborted without reason`
www.academia.edu/	`Not signed in with the identity provider.`
www.academia.edu/	`Not signed in with the identity provider.`

●Uses HTTPS

●Avoids third-party cookies

●Allows users to paste into input fields

●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load

●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load

●Displays images with correct aspect ratio

●Serves images with appropriate resolution

●Page has the HTML doctype

●Properly defines charset

●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools

●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks

●Use a strong HSTS policy

●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP

●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types

●Detected JavaScript libraries

●Page has valid source maps

○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS

○Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP

SEO

Content Best Practices

Informative elements should aim for short, descriptive alternate text. Decorative elements can be ignored with an empty alt attribute. Learn more about the `alt` attribute.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`
div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img `div.stat-col > div.stat-box > div.stat-row > img`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > div.benefit-image-container > img.bounded-image`
div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image `div.benefit-box-container > div.benefit-box > a.benefit-link > img.bounded-image`
div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image `div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image`
div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image `div.row > div.featured-tool-row > div.featured-tool-graphic-col > img.bounded-image`
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`
div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait `div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > div.testimonial-top > img.testimonial-portrait`
div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider `div.testimonial-column-container > div.testimonial-column > div.testimonial-card > img.testimonial-divider`
div.testimonial-section > div.university-container > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo `div.testimonial-section > div.university-container > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo`
div.testimonial-section > div.university-container > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo `div.testimonial-section > div.university-container > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo`
div.testimonial-section > div.university-container > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo `div.testimonial-section > div.university-container > div.uni-logo-row > img.uni-logo`
div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img `div.DesignSystem > div.closing-hero > div.closing-hero-image > img`

Format your HTML in a way that enables crawlers to better understand your app’s content.

○Structured data is valid

●Page isn’t blocked from indexing

●Document has a `<title>` element

●Document has a meta description

●Page has successful HTTP status code

●Links have descriptive text

●Links are crawlable

●robots.txt is valid

●Document has a valid `hreflang`

●Document has a valid `rel=canonical`

Results for https://academia.edu

Site Health

How you compare

Top Priorities (5)

Fix Priority Matrix

Quick Wins

Strategic

Easy Improvements

Deprioritize

What fixing these means

Conversion Barriers

Speed (2)

Trust (2)

Content (4)

Navigation (1)

Return on Investment

Investment

Monthly returns

Regulatory risk avoided

Estimated Remediation Cost

Cost by category

Cost by effort level

What Inaction Is Costing You

Compliance Risk

Bandwidth Waste

Lighthouse Scores

Core Web Vitals

Detailed Report

Performance

Insights

Diagnostics

Accessibility

Names and labels

Navigation

Best practices

Best Practices

General

SEO

Content Best Practices

Lighthouse Scores

Core Web Vitals

Detailed Report

Performance

Insights

Diagnostics

Accessibility

Navigation

Names and labels

Best practices

Best Practices

General

SEO

Content Best Practices

Keyboard Shortcuts