C — https://www.duolingo.com

Site Health

Score: 70 / 100

Based on 8 categories, 0 sections

How is this calculated?

The overall score is a weighted average of individual category scores. Categories with more impact on user experience and security carry more weight.

Performance 25%Security 25%Accessibility 15%SEO 10%Infrastructure 10%Compliance 8%Content 5%Sustainability 2%

Weights reflect general web best practices. Individual needs may differ.

Top Priorities (5)

Content-Security-Policy header is missing

Security › Security Headers

Cookie 'AWSALB' is missing the Secure flag

Security › Cookie Security

Cookie 'lang' is missing the Secure flag

Security › Cookie Security

Cookie 'logged_out_uuid' is missing the Secure flag

Security › Cookie Security

Cookie 'wuuid' is missing the Secure flag

Security › Cookie Security

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Markdown

[![BeaverCheck](https://beavercheck.com/badge?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duolingo.com)](https://beavercheck.com/results/b2b735ce-ac3d-1860-3acb-ff4609b51899)

HTML

<a href="https://beavercheck.com/results/b2b735ce-ac3d-1860-3acb-ff4609b51899"><img src="https://beavercheck.com/badge?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duolingo.com" alt="BeaverCheck Score"></a>

Image URL

https://beavercheck.com/badge?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duolingo.com

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Lighthouse Scores

Industry-standard audits powered by Google Lighthouse.

Performance

Accessibility

Best Practices

100

SEO

Core Web Vitals

Key metrics that affect user experience.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

11.60 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

22.12 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

1.13 s

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.000

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

11.60 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

22.37 s

Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Request	Cache TTL	Transfer Size
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/202404.1.0/otBannerSdk.js	86400.0 s	108.9 KiB
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js	86400.0 s	9.1 KiB
www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/api2/logo_48.png	604800.0 s	2.3 KiB

Consider setting font-display to swap or optional to ensure text is consistently visible. swap can be further optimized to mitigate layout shifts with font metric overrides.

URL	Est Savings
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/fonts/a96f1b78ebf295556c0e9500cde6dd64.woff2	100 ms
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/fonts/642e24bb0295f3aee4dedcd8eecd8007.woff2	75 ms
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/vendor/68d22534874c554b0c9ebabea379fc60.woff2	55 ms
fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v48/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3yUBHMdazQ.woff2	40 ms

A forced reflow occurs when JavaScript queries geometric properties (such as offsetWidth) after styles have been invalidated by a change to the DOM state. This can result in poor performance. Learn more about forced reflows and possible mitigations.

headings: [map[key:source label:Source valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]

items: [map[reflowTime:0.667 source:map[column:220762 line:1 type:source-location url:https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-cf122905.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.71 source:map[column:385307 line:1 type:source-location url:https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-cf122905.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:24.988 source:map[column:1.042937e+06 line:1 type:source-location url:https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-cf122905.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.563 source:map[column:76678 line:1 type:source-location url:https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-cf122905.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:13.811 source:map[column:181 line:458 type:source-location url:https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/kUYUkUlSyqkjTSMaN2w3RaOh/recaptcha__en.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.793 source:map[column:303 line:104 type:source-location url:https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/kUYUkUlSyqkjTSMaN2w3RaOh/recaptcha__en.js urlProvider:network]]]

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

	URL	Resource Size	Est Savings
div._15kfC > div._1ybpv > picture._1Bvko > img `div._15kfC > div._1ybpv > picture._1Bvko > img`	/images/splash/lottie/ded26f174e26ad19d0a35cad7747c28c.png	89.9 KiB	77.5 KiB

Each subpart has specific improvement strategies. Ideally, most of the LCP time should be spent on loading the resources, not within delays.

headings: [map[key:label label:Subpart valueType:text] map[key:duration label:Duration valueType:ms]]

items: [map[duration:332.102 label:Time to first byte subpart:timeToFirstByte] map[duration:633.275 label:Resource load delay subpart:resourceLoadDelay] map[duration:235.802 label:Resource load duration subpart:resourceLoadDuration] map[duration:1299.457 label:Element render delay subpart:elementRenderDelay]]

lhId: page-0-IMG

nodeLabel: div._15kfC > div._1ybpv > picture._1Bvko > img

path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,HEADER,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,PICTURE,2,IMG

selector: div._15kfC > div._1ybpv > picture._1Bvko > img

snippet: <img alt="" src="https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/images/splash/lottie/ded26f174e26ad1…">

Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading

lhId: page-0-IMG

nodeLabel: div._15kfC > div._1ybpv > picture._1Bvko > img

path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,HEADER,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,PICTURE,2,IMG

selector: div._15kfC > div._1ybpv > picture._1Bvko > img

snippet: <img alt="" src="https://d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/images/splash/lottie/ded26f174e26ad1…">

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.

title: Preconnected origins

value: no origins were preconnected

description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.

title: Preconnect candidates

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

URL	Transfer Size	Duration
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/css/app-12b7bcea.css	16.3 KiB	181 ms
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/css/6057-7317442d.css	10.4 KiB	881 ms
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js	9.1 KiB	812 ms

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

TTI

The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric.

Diagnostics

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Estimated savings: 0.0 ms 13.6 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/css/app-12b7bcea.css	16.0 KiB	13.6 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Estimated savings: 5.0 s 811.7 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-cf122905.js	314.9 KiB	181.1 KiB
www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/kUYUkUlSyqkjTSMaN2w3RaOh/recaptcha__en.js	362.6 KiB	179.0 KiB
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/6057-b2849109.js	237.0 KiB	138.0 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-TX6Z97C	165.9 KiB	90.5 KiB
accounts.google.com/gsi/client	92.7 KiB	72.7 KiB
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/202404.1.0/otBannerSdk.js	108.6 KiB	67.1 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-728842606&cx=c&gtm=4e6460	136.7 KiB	60.8 KiB
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/5314-33cb86aa.js	45.4 KiB	22.5 KiB

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling, and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to reduce Javascript execution time.

URL	Total CPU Time	Script Evaluation	Script Parse
Unattributable	2.7 s	98 ms	0.0 ms
www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/kUYUkUlSyqkjTSMaN2w3RaOh/recaptcha__en.js	1.7 s	1.3 s	77 ms
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-cf122905.js	1.6 s	1.3 s	99 ms
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/6057-b2849109.js	1.0 s	811 ms	98 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-TX6Z97C	200 ms	159 ms	37 ms
www.duolingo.com/	192 ms	5.3 ms	4.0 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-728842606&cx=c&gtm=4e6460	191 ms	151 ms	31 ms
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/202404.1.0/otBannerSdk.js	160 ms	66 ms	54 ms
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/5314-33cb86aa.js	74 ms	47 ms	12 ms
accounts.google.com/gsi/client	61 ms	32 ms	29 ms

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to minimize main-thread work

Category	Time Spent
Script Evaluation	4.3 s
Other	2.3 s
Style & Layout	698 ms
Script Parsing & Compilation	488 ms
Garbage Collection	421 ms
Rendering	167 ms
Parse HTML & CSS	37 ms

Many navigations are performed by going back to a previous page, or forwards again. The back/forward cache (bfcache) can speed up these return navigations. Learn more about the bfcache

Failure reason	Failure type
The page has an unload handler in the main frame.	Actionable
Pages with cache-control:no-store header cannot enter back/forward cache.	Actionable
Pages whose main resource has cache-control:no-store cannot enter back/forward cache.	Not actionable
Back/forward cache is disabled because some JavaScript network request received resource with Cache-Control: no-store header.	Not actionable

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.

URL	Transfer Size
www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/kUYUkUlSyqkjTSMaN2w3RaOh/recaptcha__en.js	363.2 KiB
www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/kUYUkUlSyqkjTSMaN2w3RaOh/recaptcha__en.js	362.7 KiB
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-cf122905.js	315.9 KiB
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/6057-b2849109.js	237.5 KiB
/lottie/splash/82f26795696242931a7b905b4918eb1e.json	169.4 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-TX6Z97C	166.2 KiB
/lottie/splash/e97b1cde32a58c629a0193eea36ddaab.json	137.5 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-728842606&cx=c&gtm=4e6460	136.8 KiB
/images/splash/lottie/833a22b2834050d139f266a29899bb00.svg	121.7 KiB
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/202404.1.0/otBannerSdk.js	108.9 KiB

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

	URL
div._15kfC > div._1ybpv > picture._1Bvko > img `div._15kfC > div._1ybpv > picture._1Bvko > img`	/images/splash/lottie/ded26f174e26ad19d0a35cad7747c28c.png

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Layout shift culprits

●Document request latency

●Optimize DOM size

●Modern HTTP

●Optimize viewport for mobile

●Minify CSS

●Minify JavaScript

●Avoid long main-thread tasks 20 long tasks found

●Network Requests

●Network Round Trip Times 90 ms

●Server Backend Latencies 120 ms

●Tasks

●Diagnostics

●Metrics

●Screenshot Thumbnails

●Final Screenshot

●Script Treemap Data

●Resources Summary

●Avoid multiple page redirects

●Initial server response time was short Root document took 130 ms

○INP breakdown

○User Timing marks and measures

○Avoid non-composited animations

○Avoid large layout shifts

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Names and labels

When a button doesn't have an accessible name, screen readers announce it as "button", making it unusable for users who rely on screen readers. Learn how to make buttons more accessible.

Failing Elements
div.qO_UG > div._3CwWq > div.zKVv4 > button._38iBE `div.qO_UG > div._3CwWq > div.zKVv4 > button._38iBE`

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Contrast

Low-contrast text is difficult or impossible for many users to read. Learn how to provide sufficient color contrast.

Failing Elements
free. fun. effective. `section.uU0-M > section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C`
Learning with Duolingo is fun, and research shows that it works! With quick, bi… `section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5 > span`
research shows that it works `div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5 > span > a._1F7oE`
backed by science `section.uU0-M > section._36L7f > div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C`
We use a combination of research-backed teaching methods and delightful content… `section.uU0-M > section._36L7f > div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5`
stay motivated `section.uU0-M > section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C`
We make it easy to form a habit of language learning with game-like features, f… `section.uU0-M > section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5`
personalized learning `section.uU0-M > section._36L7f > div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C`
Combining the best of AI and language science, lessons are tailored to help you… `section.uU0-M > section._36L7f > div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5`
duolingo english test `div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C > span > span`
Our convenient, fast, and affordable English test integrates the latest assessm… `section._3dG3I > section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5`
duolingo for schools `section._3dG3I > section._36L7f > div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C`
Teachers, we’re here to help you! Our free tools support your students as they … `section._3dG3I > section._36L7f > div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5`
duolingo abc `section._3dG3I > section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C`
From language to literacy! With fun phonics lessons and delightful stories, Duo… `section._3dG3I > section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5`
learn a language with duolingo `section.F71XF > div._1fSpL > div._3qFL2 > h1._1FmL9`
About us `div.kWIKU > div._2zjY4 > div > div._30Vi6`
Courses `div > ul > li > a`
Mission `div > ul > li > a`
Approach `div > ul > li > a`
Efficacy `div > ul > li > a`
Duolingo Handbook `div > ul > li > a`
Research `div > ul > li > a`
Careers `div > ul > li > a`
Brand guidelines `div > ul > li > a`
Store `div > ul > li > a`
Press `div > ul > li > a`
Investors `div > ul > li > a`
Contact us `div > ul > li > a`
Products `div.kWIKU > div._2zjY4 > div > div._30Vi6`
Duolingo `div > ul > li > a`
Duolingo for Schools `div > ul > li > a`
Duolingo English Test `div > ul > li > a`
Podcast `div > ul > li > a`
Duolingo for Business `div > ul > li > a`
Super Duolingo `div > ul > li > a`
Gift Super Duolingo `div > ul > li > a`
Duolingo Max `div > ul > li > a`
Apps `div.kWIKU > div._2zjY4 > div > div._30Vi6`
Duolingo for Android `div > ul > li > a`
Duolingo for iOS `div > ul > li > a`
Help and support `div.kWIKU > div._2zjY4 > div > div._30Vi6`
Duolingo FAQs `div > ul > li > a`
Schools FAQs `div > ul > li > a`
Duolingo English Test FAQs `div > ul > li > a`
Status `div > ul > li > a`
Privacy and terms `div.kWIKU > div._2zjY4 > div > div._30Vi6`
Community guidelines `div > ul > li > a`
Terms `div > ul > li > a`
Privacy `div > ul > li > a`
Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information `div > ul > li > a`
Social `div.kWIKU > div._2zjY4 > div > div._30Vi6`
Blog `div > ul > li > a`
Instagram `div > ul > li > a`
TikTok `div > ul > li > a`
Twitter `div > ul > li > a`
YouTube `div > ul > li > a`
LinkedIn `div > ul > li > a`
Site language: `div.qO_UG > footer._1nNuk > div.-Dahb > div._1LLyK`
العربية `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
বাংলা `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Čeština `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Deutsch `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Ελληνικά `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
English `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Español `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Français `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
हिंदी `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Magyar `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Bahasa Indonesia `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Italiano `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
日本語 `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
한국어 `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Nederlands `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Polski `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Português `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Română `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Русский `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
svenska `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
தமிழ் `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
తెలుగు `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
ภาษาไทย `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Tagalog `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Türkçe `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Українською `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Tiếng Việt `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
中文 `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
4.5 `div._3CwWq > div.zKVv4 > div > span._2PsOB`
Cookie Policy `div#onetrust-group-container > div#onetrust-policy > div#onetrust-policy-text > a`
REJECT ALL `div.ot-sdk-row > div#onetrust-button-group-parent > div#onetrust-button-group > button#onetrust-reject-all-handler`
ACCEPT COOKIES `div.ot-sdk-row > div#onetrust-button-group-parent > div#onetrust-button-group > button#onetrust-accept-btn-handler`

These are opportunities to improve the legibility of your content.

Best practices

Disabling zooming is problematic for users with low vision who rely on screen magnification to properly see the contents of a web page. Learn more about the viewport meta tag.

Failing Elements
head > meta `head > meta`

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

Visible text labels that do not match the accessible name can result in a confusing experience for screen reader users. Learn more about accessible names.

Failing Elements
Cookie Policy `div#onetrust-group-container > div#onetrust-policy > div#onetrust-policy-text > a`

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

●Links have a discernible name

●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order

●Document has a main landmark.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Form elements have associated labels

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Identical links have the same purpose.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

Best Practices

General

Deprecated APIs will eventually be removed from the browser. Learn more about deprecated APIs.

Deprecation / Warning	Source
Unload event listeners are deprecated and will be removed.	d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-cf122905.js line 1, col 320756

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Source	Description
www.duolingo.com/users/undefined/streak-goal-next-options?_=1775591823146	`Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()`
www.duolingo.com/users/undefined/streak-goal-current?_=1775591823145	`Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()`
zombie.duolingo.com/0/web.json?user=0&ts=1775591823&tzoffset=0	`Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()`
zombie.duolingo.com/0/web.json?user=0&ts=1775591853&tzoffset=0	`Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()`

●Uses HTTPS

●Avoids third-party cookies

●Allows users to paste into input fields

●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load

●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load

●Displays images with correct aspect ratio

●Serves images with appropriate resolution

●Page has the HTML doctype

●Properly defines charset

●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools

●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks

●Use a strong HSTS policy

●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP

●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types

●Detected JavaScript libraries

●Page has valid source maps

○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS

○Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP

100

SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

○Structured data is valid

●Page isn’t blocked from indexing

●Document has a `<title>` element

●Document has a meta description

●Page has successful HTTP status code

●Links have descriptive text

●Links are crawlable

●robots.txt is valid

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●Document has a valid `hreflang`

●Document has a valid `rel=canonical`

Lighthouse Scores

Industry-standard audits powered by Google Lighthouse. — Desktop

Performance

Accessibility

Best Practices

SEO

Core Web Vitals

Key metrics that affect user experience. — Desktop

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

1.29 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

2.36 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

232 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.000

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

3.34 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

4.28 s

Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Consider setting font-display to swap or optional to ensure text is consistently visible. swap can be further optimized to mitigate layout shifts with font metric overrides.

URL	Est Savings
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/vendor/68d22534874c554b0c9ebabea379fc60.woff2	115 ms
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/fonts/a96f1b78ebf295556c0e9500cde6dd64.woff2	105 ms
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/fonts/642e24bb0295f3aee4dedcd8eecd8007.woff2	70 ms
fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v48/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3yUBHMdazQ.woff2	40 ms

headings: [map[key:source label:Source valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]

items: [map[reflowTime:2.001 source:map[type:text value:[unattributed]]]]

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

title: Preconnected origins

value: no origins were preconnected

description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.

title: Preconnect candidates

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Request	Cache TTL	Transfer Size
www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/api2/logo_48.png	604800.0 s	2.3 KiB

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

URL	Transfer Size	Duration
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/css/app-12b7bcea.css	16.4 KiB	71 ms
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/css/6057-7317442d.css	10.4 KiB	328 ms
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js	0 B	230 ms

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

TTI

The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric.

Diagnostics

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Estimated savings: 270 ms 735.7 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/kUYUkUlSyqkjTSMaN2w3RaOh/recaptcha__en.js	362.6 KiB	179.0 KiB
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-cf122905.js	314.9 KiB	174.0 KiB
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/6057-b2849109.js	237.0 KiB	137.9 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-TX6Z97C	165.9 KiB	90.5 KiB
accounts.google.com/gsi/client	92.7 KiB	73.2 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-728842606&cx=c&gtm=4e6461h2	136.7 KiB	60.0 KiB
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/5314-33cb86aa.js	45.4 KiB	21.2 KiB

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling, and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to reduce Javascript execution time.

URL	Total CPU Time	Script Evaluation	Script Parse
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/5314-33cb86aa.js	7.0 s	3.9 s	3.1 ms
www.duolingo.com/	3.7 s	1.2 ms	0.7 ms
Unattributable	784 ms	7.5 ms	0.0 ms
www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/kUYUkUlSyqkjTSMaN2w3RaOh/recaptcha__en.js	492 ms	439 ms	20 ms
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-cf122905.js	417 ms	327 ms	30 ms
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/6057-b2849109.js	362 ms	295 ms	19 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-TX6Z97C	54 ms	43 ms	10 ms

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to minimize main-thread work

Category	Time Spent
Script Evaluation	5.2 s
Style & Layout	3.2 s
Other	3.1 s
Rendering	1.3 s
Garbage Collection	119 ms
Script Parsing & Compilation	107 ms
Parse HTML & CSS	8.0 ms

Many navigations are performed by going back to a previous page, or forwards again. The back/forward cache (bfcache) can speed up these return navigations. Learn more about the bfcache

Failure reason	Failure type
The page has an unload handler in the main frame.	Actionable
Pages with cache-control:no-store header cannot enter back/forward cache.	Actionable
Pages whose main resource has cache-control:no-store cannot enter back/forward cache.	Not actionable
Back/forward cache is disabled because some JavaScript network request received resource with Cache-Control: no-store header.	Not actionable

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Estimated savings: 0.0 ms 13.1 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/css/app-12b7bcea.css	16.0 KiB	13.1 KiB

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.

URL	Transfer Size
www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/kUYUkUlSyqkjTSMaN2w3RaOh/recaptcha__en.js	363.2 KiB
www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/kUYUkUlSyqkjTSMaN2w3RaOh/recaptcha__en.js	362.7 KiB
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-cf122905.js	315.9 KiB
d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/6057-b2849109.js	237.5 KiB
/lottie/splash/82f26795696242931a7b905b4918eb1e.json	169.4 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-TX6Z97C	166.2 KiB
/lottie/splash/e97b1cde32a58c629a0193eea36ddaab.json	137.5 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-728842606&cx=c&gtm=4e6461h2	136.8 KiB
/images/splash/lottie/833a22b2834050d139f266a29899bb00.svg	121.7 KiB
/lottie/splash/50bda50231c0bce1584e982cebfe8f33.json	106.6 KiB

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Layout shift culprits

●Document request latency

●Optimize DOM size

●Improve image delivery

●LCP breakdown

●Modern HTTP

●Optimize viewport for mobile

●Minify CSS

●Minify JavaScript

●Avoid long main-thread tasks 2 long tasks found

●Image elements have explicit `width` and `height`

●Network Requests

●Network Round Trip Times 90 ms

●Server Backend Latencies 100 ms

●Tasks

●Diagnostics

●Metrics

●Screenshot Thumbnails

●Final Screenshot

●Script Treemap Data

●Resources Summary

●Avoid multiple page redirects

●Initial server response time was short Root document took 130 ms

○INP breakdown

○LCP request discovery

○User Timing marks and measures

○Avoid non-composited animations

○Avoid large layout shifts

Accessibility

Contrast

Low-contrast text is difficult or impossible for many users to read. Learn how to provide sufficient color contrast.

Failing Elements
SITE LANGUAGE: ENGLISH `nav.lZqWH > div.tFegI > button._1gEmM > span._9lHjd`
ENGLISH `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > span._2qfTm`
SPANISH `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > span._2qfTm`
FRENCH `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > span._2qfTm`
GERMAN `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > span._2qfTm`
ITALIAN `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > span._2qfTm`
PORTUGUESE `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > span._2qfTm`
MATH `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > span._2qfTm`
DUTCH `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > span._2qfTm`
free. fun. effective. `section.uU0-M > section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C`
Learning with Duolingo is fun, and research shows that it works! With quick, bi… `section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5 > span`
research shows that it works `div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5 > span > a._1F7oE`
backed by science `section.uU0-M > section._36L7f > div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C`
We use a combination of research-backed teaching methods and delightful content… `section.uU0-M > section._36L7f > div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5`
stay motivated `section.uU0-M > section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C`
We make it easy to form a habit of language learning with game-like features, f… `section.uU0-M > section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5`
personalized learning `section.uU0-M > section._36L7f > div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C`
Combining the best of AI and language science, lessons are tailored to help you… `section.uU0-M > section._36L7f > div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5`
duolingo english test `div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C > span > span`
Our convenient, fast, and affordable English test integrates the latest assessm… `section._3dG3I > section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5`
duolingo for schools `section._3dG3I > section._36L7f > div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C`
Teachers, we’re here to help you! Our free tools support your students as they … `section._3dG3I > section._36L7f > div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5`
duolingo abc `section._3dG3I > section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > h2._3X-2C`
From language to literacy! With fun phonics lessons and delightful stories, Duo… `section._3dG3I > section._3k9io > div._2Yq-n > p.KsAV5`
About us `div.kWIKU > div._2zjY4 > div > div._30Vi6`
Courses `div > ul > li > a`
Mission `div > ul > li > a`
Approach `div > ul > li > a`
Efficacy `div > ul > li > a`
Duolingo Handbook `div > ul > li > a`
Research `div > ul > li > a`
Careers `div > ul > li > a`
Brand guidelines `div > ul > li > a`
Store `div > ul > li > a`
Press `div > ul > li > a`
Investors `div > ul > li > a`
Contact us `div > ul > li > a`
Products `div.kWIKU > div._2zjY4 > div > div._30Vi6`
Duolingo `div > ul > li > a`
Duolingo for Schools `div > ul > li > a`
Duolingo English Test `div > ul > li > a`
Podcast `div > ul > li > a`
Duolingo for Business `div > ul > li > a`
Super Duolingo `div > ul > li > a`
Gift Super Duolingo `div > ul > li > a`
Duolingo Max `div > ul > li > a`
Apps `div.kWIKU > div._2zjY4 > div > div._30Vi6`
Duolingo for Android `div > ul > li > a`
Duolingo for iOS `div > ul > li > a`
Help and support `div.kWIKU > div._2zjY4 > div > div._30Vi6`
Duolingo FAQs `div > ul > li > a`
Schools FAQs `div > ul > li > a`
Duolingo English Test FAQs `div > ul > li > a`
Status `div > ul > li > a`
Privacy and terms `div.kWIKU > div._2zjY4 > div > div._30Vi6`
Community guidelines `div > ul > li > a`
Terms `div > ul > li > a`
Privacy `div > ul > li > a`
Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information `div > ul > li > a`
Social `div.kWIKU > div._2zjY4 > div > div._30Vi6`
Blog `div > ul > li > a`
Instagram `div > ul > li > a`
TikTok `div > ul > li > a`
Twitter `div > ul > li > a`
YouTube `div > ul > li > a`
LinkedIn `div > ul > li > a`
Site language: `div.qO_UG > footer._1nNuk > div.-Dahb > div._1LLyK`
العربية `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
বাংলা `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Čeština `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Deutsch `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Ελληνικά `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
English `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Español `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Français `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
हिंदी `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Magyar `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Bahasa Indonesia `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Italiano `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
日本語 `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
한국어 `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Nederlands `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Polski `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Português `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Română `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Русский `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
svenska `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
தமிழ் `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
తెలుగు `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
ภาษาไทย `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Tagalog `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Türkçe `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Українською `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
Tiếng Việt `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`
中文 `div.-Dahb > ul._3PydS > li.yu122 > a.FXHbm`

These are opportunities to improve the legibility of your content.

Names and labels

Informative elements should aim for short, descriptive alternate text. Decorative elements can be ignored with an empty alt attribute. Learn more about the `alt` attribute.

Failing Elements
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Best practices

Disabling zooming is problematic for users with low vision who rely on screen magnification to properly see the contents of a web page. Learn more about the viewport meta tag.

Failing Elements
head > meta `head > meta`

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

●Links have a discernible name

●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order

●Document has a main landmark.

●Identical links have the same purpose.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○`[role]` values are valid

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Form elements have associated labels

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

Best Practices

General

Deprecated APIs will eventually be removed from the browser. Learn more about deprecated APIs.

Deprecation / Warning	Source
Unload event listeners are deprecated and will be removed.	d35aaqx5ub95lt.cloudfront.net/js/app-cf122905.js line 1, col 320756

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Source	Description
zombie.duolingo.com/0/web.json?user=0&ts=1775591881&tzoffset=0	`Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()`
www.duolingo.com/users/undefined/streak-goal-next-options?_=1775591882046	`Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()`
www.duolingo.com/users/undefined/streak-goal-current?_=1775591882045	`Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()`
zombie.duolingo.com/0/web.json?user=0&ts=1775591924&tzoffset=0	`Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()`

●Uses HTTPS

●Avoids third-party cookies

●Allows users to paste into input fields

●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load

●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load

●Displays images with correct aspect ratio

●Serves images with appropriate resolution

●Page has the HTML doctype

●Properly defines charset

●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools

●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks

●Use a strong HSTS policy

●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP

●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types

●Detected JavaScript libraries

●Page has valid source maps

○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS

○Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP

SEO

Content Best Practices

Informative elements should aim for short, descriptive alternate text. Decorative elements can be ignored with an empty alt attribute. Learn more about the `alt` attribute.

Failing Elements
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`
ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI `ul._399s9 > li > a._1nZQi > img._1RsYI`

Format your HTML in a way that enables crawlers to better understand your app’s content.

○Structured data is valid

●Page isn’t blocked from indexing

●Document has a `<title>` element

●Document has a meta description

●Page has successful HTTP status code

●Links have descriptive text

●Links are crawlable

●robots.txt is valid

●Document has a valid `hreflang`

●Document has a valid `rel=canonical`

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Lighthouse Scores

Core Web Vitals

Detailed Report

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Insights

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Accessibility

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Contrast

Best practices

Best Practices

General

SEO

Lighthouse Scores

Core Web Vitals

Detailed Report

Performance

Insights

Diagnostics

Accessibility

Contrast

Names and labels

Best practices

Best Practices

General

SEO

Content Best Practices

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