Accessibility
· 13 checks — Landmarks, headings, alt text, forms, and link quality rolled into one auditable list.FHeading HierarchyAction73 headings, 4 skip(s)FIX
- H2 New Branding Header
- H2 Main navigation
- H4 We help developing countries benefit from the global economy more fairly and effectively, providing data and analysis, facilitating consensus-building and offering technical assistance on issues relat skipped
- H4 We help countries achieve inclusive, sustainable growth by transforming the ambitions of the Sustainable Development Goals into actions that deliver concrete results. Our work focuses on:
- H4 We provide reliable and timely data and statistics to help countries better understand trade and development trends and design more effective economic, environmental and social policies.
- H2 Featured
- H2 In focus
- H4 Our research and publications provide authoritative and evidence-based analysis on trade and development and policy recommendations to help countries tackle today’s biggest challenges. skipped
- H2 Featured
- H2 In focus
- H4 Our meetings and events convene governments, businesses, civil society organizations, academia and international organizations to discuss and build consensus on the most pressing trade and development skipped
- H2 Featured
- H2 Meeting series in focus
- H4 Our technical cooperation helps developing countries better integrate into the global economy by transforming their economies, tackling vulnerabilities, improving competitiveness and empowering people skipped
- H2 Featured programmes
- H2 In focus
- H2 For registered journalists
- H2 Latest
- H2 User account menu
- H3 What's the Borrowers' Platform?
- H3 Global trade growth continues, but rising fragility weighs on developing economies
- H3 The rising cost of debt is squeezing development prospects
- H3 Hormuz disruption deepens global economic strain
- H3 Developing countries launch first-ever Borrowers’ Platform
- H4 Read more
- H3 Developing countries launch first-ever Borrowers’ Platform
- H4 Read more
- H3 What's the Borrowers' Platform?
- H3 Global trade growth continues, but rising fragility weighs on developing economies
- H3 The rising cost of debt is squeezing development prospects
- H3 Hormuz disruption deepens global economic strain
- H2 Featured publications
- H3 Global Trade Update (April 2026): Global trade growth continues, but fragility rises
- H3 Strait of Hormuz disruptions: Growth and financial implications
- H3 Beyond creative accounting: Restoring trust in the climate finance regime
- H3 The implications of critical energy transition minerals for women’s participation in the mining sector
- H3 The cumulative economic cost of occupation for the Palestinian people (2000–2024) and the long road to recovery
- H2 More news
- H3 Services growth puts policy and data at the centre of diversification push
- H3 Measuring South–South Cooperation is critical to achieving sustainable development
- H3 Accelerating trade facilitation: UK funding backs next phase of global programme
- H3 UNCTAD-WTO trade data highlights shifting global trends ahead of key ministerial talks
- H3 Services trade surges, but developing countries risk falling behind
- H3 When trade preferences weaken, development pays the price
- H3 Seaweed for development: Who sets the rules and who captures the value?
- H2 Data stories
- H3 Fertilizer disruptions raise risks for food security and trade
- H3 Energy markets react immediately to Strait of Hormuz disruptions
- H3 Developing countries’ external debt hits record $11.4 trillion
- H3 Measuring South–South Cooperation is critical to achieving sustainable development
- H3 Discriminatory trade measures have surged, fuelling uncertainty
- H2 Meetings and events
- H3 Commission on Science and Technology for Development, 29th session
- H3 Joint technical assistance for conducting the survey on international trade in services in Mali, Niger and Togo
- H3 TrainForTrade final dissertations of Modern Port Management Course, Cycle 9 in Peru
- H3 Fin4Dev Dialogue: Trade, investment and productive jobs: Supporting implementation of the Sevilla Financing for Development Commitments
- H3 Fin4Dev Dialogue: First plenary meeting of the Beyond GDP Global Alliance
- H3 Fin4Dev Dialogue: Briefing on the launch of the Borrowers' Platform
- H3 Data-driven insights for sustainable development at the intersection of global environmental challenges and trade research
- H2 Videos
- H3 Borrowers' Platform: Toward a fairer global financial system
- H3 WTO MC14: UNCTAD calls for bolstering the multilateral trading system and investment in developing countries
- H3 Global Trade Update (March 2026): Reforming trade rules to drive development
- H2 Secretary-General
- H3 Rebeca Grynspan
- H2 Statements
- H3 Commission on Science and Technology for Development, 29th session
- H3 Multi-year expert meeting on trade, services and development, 12th session
- H3 Multi-year expert meeting on trade, services and development, 12th session
- H2 Footer menu
- H2 New Branding Footer
- H2 Sign up for our Insights newsletter.
- H2 Search the site
Every page should have one H1 that describes the page content.
No H1 means screen-reader users can't identify the page's primary topic, and Google's content-extraction degrades.
Learn more ▾ ▴
The H1 is the document title for assistive tech and a strong signal to search engines about page topic. Pages without one force screen readers to fall back to the <title> attribute or page chrome. Add a single H1 that names the page's primary subject.
Source: WCAG 2.4.6 / Google Search Central
Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.
Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline — screen-reader users lose track of section nesting.
Learn more ▾ ▴
Screen reader users navigate by jumping between headings (H1 → H2 → H3). Skipping (H1 → H3) breaks the sense of hierarchy. Use sequential levels even if you don't like the default styling — restyle with CSS instead. WCAG 1.3.1 (Info and Relationships) treats this as an A failure.
Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / W3C WAI
Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.
Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline — screen-reader users lose track of section nesting.
Learn more ▾ ▴
Screen reader users navigate by jumping between headings (H1 → H2 → H3). Skipping (H1 → H3) breaks the sense of hierarchy. Use sequential levels even if you don't like the default styling — restyle with CSS instead. WCAG 1.3.1 (Info and Relationships) treats this as an A failure.
Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / W3C WAI
Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.
Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline — screen-reader users lose track of section nesting.
Learn more ▾ ▴
Screen reader users navigate by jumping between headings (H1 → H2 → H3). Skipping (H1 → H3) breaks the sense of hierarchy. Use sequential levels even if you don't like the default styling — restyle with CSS instead. WCAG 1.3.1 (Info and Relationships) treats this as an A failure.
Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / W3C WAI
Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.
Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline — screen-reader users lose track of section nesting.
Learn more ▾ ▴
Screen reader users navigate by jumping between headings (H1 → H2 → H3). Skipping (H1 → H3) breaks the sense of hierarchy. Use sequential levels even if you don't like the default styling — restyle with CSS instead. WCAG 1.3.1 (Info and Relationships) treats this as an A failure.
Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / W3C WAI
FLink & Button QualityAction17 issue(s) across 302 links and 23 buttonsFIX
| Element | Text | Issue | Suggested Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| https://unctad.org/unctad16 | UNCTAD16 | img no alt | Add alt attribute to the image |
| https://unctad.org/subscribe | Subscribe | img no alt | Add alt attribute to the image |
| /topic/trade-analysis/tariffs | Tariffs | img no alt | Add alt attribute to the image |
| https://unctad.org/unctad16 | UNCTAD16 | img no alt | Add alt attribute to the image |
| https://unctad.org/subscribe | Subscribe | img no alt | Add alt attribute to the image |
| /topic/trade-analysis/tariffs | Tariffs | img no alt | Add alt attribute to the image |
| /system/files/official-document/td561-ad… | UNCTAD16: The Geneva Consensus | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| /system/files/official-document/td561-ad… | UNCTAD16 outcome document | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| /system/files/official-document/UNCTAD-a… | UNCTAD at a Glance | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| /system/files/official-document/UNCTAD-a… | UNCTAD at a Glance | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| /brand | Brand Hub | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://unctadstat.unctad.org/ | Data hub | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://unctadstat.unctad.org/datacentre… | UNCTADstat Data centre | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://unctadstat.unctad.org/insights | Data insights | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/Nowcast… | Nowcasts | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://unctadstat.unctad.org/CountryPro… | Country profiles | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://sdgpulse.unctad.org/ | SDG Pulse | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://trainsonline.unctad.org/home | TRAINS Portal (trade regulatio… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| /wif2026 | World Investment Forum | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://www.youtube.com/UNCTADOnline | Videos | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| (empty) | empty | Add link text or aria-label | |
| https://unctad.org/topic/debt-and-financ… | Read more about What's the Bor… | img no alt | Add alt attribute to the image |
| /news/developing-countries-launch-first-… | Read more | generic text | Replace with descriptive text |
Before: Read more Suggested: Developing Countries Launch First Ever Borrowers Platform Breakthrough Global Finance | |||
| /news/developing-countries-launch-first-… | Read more | generic text | Replace with descriptive text |
Before: Read more Suggested: Developing Countries Launch First Ever Borrowers Platform Breakthrough Global Finance | |||
| https://unctad.org/topic/debt-and-financ… | Read more about What's the Bor… | img no alt | Add alt attribute to the image |
| /subscribe | Subscribe now | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
Links without text are announced as raw URLs by screen readers.
a#main-content
Links with no accessible text (empty <a></a>, image-only no alt, icon-only no aria-label) are unidentifiable to screen readers.
Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 2.4.4
Generic link text like 'click here' doesn't describe the destination.
/news/developing-countries-launch-first-ever-borrowers-platform-breakthrough-… ("Read more"); /news/developing-countries-launch-first-ever-borrowers-platform-breakthrough-… ("Read more")
Generic anchor text ('click here', 'read more', 'learn more') tells screen readers and search engines nothing about the destination.
Learn more ▾ ▴
Out-of-context lists of links read by AT (one navigation pattern) become useless when every link says 'click here'. Use the destination's title or topic as anchor text. Doubles as SEO win — Google passes anchor-text relevance to the destination.
Source: WCAG 2.4.4 / Google Search Central
Image-only links need alt text on the image (or aria-label on the link) so screen readers can announce them.
a[href="https://unctad.org/unctad16"]; a[href="https://unctad.org/subscribe"]; a[href="/topic/trade-analysis/tariffs"]; a[href="https://unctad.org/unctad16"]; a[href="https://unctad.org/subscribe"]; a[href="/topic/trade-analysis/tariffs"]; a[href="https://unctad.org/topic/debt-and-finance/borrowers-platform"]; a[href="https://unctad.org/topic/debt-and-finance/borrowers-platform"]
Image-only links with no alt are unidentifiable to screen-reader users — link's destination is invisible.
Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 2.4.4
Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.
/system/files/official-document/td561-add2_en.pdf; /system/files/official-document/td561-add2_en.pdf; /system/files/official-document/UNCTAD-at-a-glance_en.pdf; /system/files/official-document/UNCTAD-at-a-glance_en.pdf; /brand; https://unctadstat.unctad.org/; https://unctadstat.unctad.org/datacentre/; https://unctadstat.unctad.org/insights; https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/Nowcasts.html; https://unctadstat.unctad.org/CountryProfile/en-GB/index.html (+5 more)
Links with target="_blank" without rel="noopener" leak the originating page's window context — security and UX issue.
Learn more ▾ ▴
Without rel="noopener", the new tab can navigate the original tab via window.opener (tab-nabbing attack). Modern browsers default to noopener for target=_blank but only since recent versions. Always set rel="noopener noreferrer" explicitly.
Source: MDN target / OWASP
Icon-only buttons need an aria-label so screen readers can announce them.
button.icon_container (#793 on page); button.icon_container (#818 on page); button.icon_container (#843 on page); button.icon_container (#868 on page); button.icon_container (#893 on page); button.icon_container (#965 on page); button.icon_container (#990 on page); button.icon_container (#1015 on page); button.icon_container (#1040 on page); button.icon_container (#1065 on page) (+4 more)
Buttons with no accessible text (icon-only, no aria-label) can't be activated by voice control or understood by screen readers.
Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 4.1.2
FFavicon & BrandingAction2 icon(s) detectedFIX
DWeb ManifestActionNot foundFIX
No web manifest found.
DDark Mode SupportActionNo dark mode signalsFIX
Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles.
DPrint StylesheetActionNo print stylesFIX
BAlt Text Quality23 of 154 images have issuesREVIEW
| Issue | Count |
|---|---|
| generic | 23 image(s) |
| too long | 3 image(s) |
CColor Contrast (Screenshot)Action20 text elements analyzed, 1 fail WCAG AAREVIEW
Analyzes text contrast against the actual rendered page, including background images, gradients, and overlays that CSS-based tools cannot detect.
1 contrast failures on background images/gradients
These failures are invisible to CSS-based accessibility tools like Lighthouse. The text may be fine on a solid background, but fails when rendered over an image or gradient.
Show all checked elements (20)
| Element | Ratio | Required | FG | BG | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| h2 New Branding Header | 2.79:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #545550 | Fail |
| h2 Main navigation | 8.80:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #4DB3DC | Pass |
| h2 Featured | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h2 In focus | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h2 Featured | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h2 In focus | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h2 Featured | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h2 Meeting series in fo… | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h2 Featured programmes | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h2 In focus | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h2 For registered journ… | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h2 Latest | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h2 User account menu | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h2 Footer menu | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h2 New Branding Footer | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h2 Search the site | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h3 What's the Borrowers… | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h3 Global trade growth … | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h3 The rising cost of d… | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
| h3 Hormuz disruption de… | 6.98:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #009FDB | Pass |
Methodology: The top 20 text elements by font size were checked. Background color was sampled from the desktop screenshot using a 5-point pattern. WCAG 2.1 AA requires 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.
BLighthouse Accessibility AuditsScore 87/100 — 4 failing, 26 passedREVIEW
Accessibility
These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.
ARIA
Some ARIA roles have required attributes that describe the state of the element to screen readers. Learn more about roles and required attributes.
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| Failing Elements |
|---|
UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) - Home body.layout-no-sidebars > div.dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas > div#page_header_new_branding > div#brand-bar |
These are opportunities to improve the usage of ARIA in your application which may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.
Names and labels
When a button doesn't have an accessible name, screen readers announce it as "button", making it unusable for users who rely on screen readers. Learn how to make buttons more accessible.
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| Failing Elements |
|---|
div#brand-bar > nav.container > div.bd-navbar-toggle > button.navbar-toggler div#brand-bar > nav.container > div.bd-navbar-toggle > button.navbar-toggler |
These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.
Contrast
Low-contrast text is difficult or impossible for many users to read. Learn how to provide sufficient color contrast.
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| Failing Elements |
|---|
Subscribe now div.row > div.mailchimp-popup-form-col-left > a > button.subscribe-btn |
form#mailchimp-insights-light-signup-form > div#edit-wrapper > div.js-form-item > input#McEmail form#mailchimp-insights-light-signup-form > div#edit-wrapper > div.js-form-item > input#McEmail |
These are opportunities to improve the legibility of your content.
Visible text labels that do not match the accessible name can result in a confusing experience for screen reader users. Learn more about accessible names.
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| Failing Elements |
|---|
Global Trade Update (April 2026): Global trade growth continues, but fragility … div.row > div.ny-grid > div.ny-grid__item > a.ny-card |
Strait of Hormuz disruptions: Growth and financial implications div.row > div.ny-grid > div.ny-grid__item > a.ny-card |
Beyond creative accounting: Restoring trust in the climate finance regime div.row > div.ny-grid > div.ny-grid__item > a.ny-card |
The implications of critical energy transition minerals for women’s participati… div.row > div.ny-grid > div.ny-grid__item > a.ny-card |
The cumulative economic cost of occupation for the Palestinian people (2000–202… div.row > div.ny-grid > div.ny-grid__item > a.ny-card |
17 Apr 2026
Services growth puts policy and data at the centre of diversificat… div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-15485 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
31 Mar 2026
Measuring South–South Cooperation is critical to achieving sustain… div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-15485 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
30 Mar 2026
Accelerating trade facilitation: UK funding backs next phase of gl… div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-15485 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
26 Mar 2026
UNCTAD-WTO trade data highlights shifting global trends ahead of k… div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-15485 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
26 Mar 2026
Services trade surges, but developing countries risk falling behind div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-15485 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
25 Mar 2026
When trade preferences weaken, development pays the price div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-15485 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
24 Mar 2026
Seaweed for development: Who sets the rules and who captures the v… div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-15485 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
Fertilizer disruptions raise risks for food security and trade div.row > div.ny-grid > div.ny-grid__item > a.ny-card |
Energy markets react immediately to Strait of Hormuz disruptions div.row > div.ny-grid > div.ny-grid__item > a.ny-card |
Developing countries’ external debt hits record $11.4 trillion div.row > div.ny-grid > div.ny-grid__item > a.ny-card |
Measuring South–South Cooperation is critical to achieving sustainable developm… div.row > div.ny-grid > div.ny-grid__item > a.ny-card |
Discriminatory trade measures have surged, fuelling uncertainty div.row > div.ny-grid > div.ny-grid__item > a.ny-card |
20 – 24 April 2026
Commission on Science and Technology for Development, 29th … div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-12522 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
20 – 22 April 2026
Joint technical assistance for conducting the survey on int… div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-12522 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
21 – 22 April 2026
TrainForTrade final dissertations of Modern Port Management… div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-12522 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
21 April 2026
Fin4Dev Dialogue: Trade, investment and productive jobs: Support… div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-12522 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
21 April 2026
Fin4Dev Dialogue: First plenary meeting of the Beyond GDP Global… div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-12522 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
21 April 2026
Fin4Dev Dialogue: Briefing on the launch of the Borrowers' Platf… div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-12522 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
22 April 2026
Data-driven insights for sustainable development at the intersec… div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-12522 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
Borrowers' Platform: Toward a fairer global financial system div.row > div.ny-grid > div.ny-grid__item > a.ny-card |
WTO MC14: UNCTAD calls for bolstering the multilateral trading system and inves… div.row > div.ny-grid > div.ny-grid__item > a.ny-card |
Global Trade Update (March 2026): Reforming trade rules to drive development div.row > div.ny-grid > div.ny-grid__item > a.ny-card |
20 April 2026
Commission on Science and Technology for Development, 29th sessi… div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-73545 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
15 April 2026
Multi-year expert meeting on trade, services and development, 12… div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-73545 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
15 April 2026
Multi-year expert meeting on trade, services and development, 12… div.d-flex > div#unctad-block-73545 > div.ny-list-group > a.ny-list-group__item |
Subscribe now div.row > div.mailchimp-popup-form-col-left > a > button.subscribe-btn |
ALandmark Structure10 landmarksPASS
Multiple navigations need aria-label to distinguish them for screen readers.
Some <nav> elements lack aria-label — screen-reader users hear 'navigation' multiple times with no way to distinguish them.
Learn more ▾ ▴
When a page has multiple <nav> regions (primary, footer, breadcrumb), each needs aria-label or aria-labelledby. AT users navigate by landmark; identical 'navigation' announcements force them to enter each one to discover purpose.
Source: WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices
A+Form AccessibilityAll 2 controls labeledPASS
| Control | Type | Label | Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| #McEmail | Your email | for/id | |
| #siteSearch | text | Search | aria-label |