Lighthouse Desktop

· 0 checks — Desktop Lighthouse audit -- Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, and SEO category breakdown.

SCORE

GRADE

FIX

REVIEW

PASS

INFO

Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Request	Cache TTL	Transfer Size
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/25-...	14400.0 s	271.7 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	14400.0 s	237.0 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Ado...	14400.0 s	220.0 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	14400.0 s	213.8 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	14400.0 s	205.8 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Wor...	14400.0 s	196.6 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Vox...	14400.0 s	194.3 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Vox...	14400.0 s	191.2 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Vox...	14400.0 s	190.7 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Par...	14400.0 s	188.0 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Ado...	14400.0 s	174.3 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	14400.0 s	163.7 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	14400.0 s	152.0 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	14400.0 s	127.3 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Ado...	14400.0 s	121.4 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-03/Eco...	14400.0 s	115.4 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-03/Unt...	14400.0 s	106.9 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2025-01/WIE...	14400.0 s	102.7 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-03/Eur...	14400.0 s	92.3 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/202...	14400.0 s	70.2 KiB
/sites/default/files/js/js_C_RsM-H52oO-nWGVjh4GzsLWeX2aTZ...	14400.0 s	50.9 KiB
/sites/default/files/js/js_AT43IVqq0aMlBRt7nVoYaiGNYUML6o...	14400.0 s	50.3 KiB
/sites/default/files/js/js_zkhgQK5Xfm-3vNsqA2UfQ9VMFaiq3J...	14400.0 s	33.1 KiB
/sites/default/files/css/css_2sV4yAJoWIMWVsyGwv-LMTiNevaQ...	14400.0 s	26.6 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/portrait_standard/public/2026...	14400.0 s	17.8 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/portrait_standard/public/2026...	14400.0 s	17.5 KiB
cepr.org/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/scripts/jsd/0b8fb825cb67/main.js?	14400.0 s	11.5 KiB
sidebar.bugherd.com/embed.js?apikey=n55oqaersfxg8q7cixtwkg	14400.0 s	7.7 KiB
sidebar.bugherd.com/embed.js?apikey=n55oqaersfxg8q7cixtwkg	14400.0 s	7.1 KiB
/sites/default/files/css/css_bNL711l4WmatscF3-W4gpYkf4CcC...	14400.0 s	3.1 KiB
analytics.ahrefs.com/analytics.js	14400.0 s	3.0 KiB
/sites/default/files/js/js_7up_xlB2vMJV675PolB5FrnOUFkTtT...	14400.0 s	1.6 KiB
cepr.org/themes/custom/cepr/assets/img/research-areas.svg	1209600.0 s	1.5 KiB
cepr.org/themes/custom/cepr/assets/img/themes.svg	1209600.0 s	804 B
cepr.org/themes/custom/cepr/assets/img/placeholders/placeholder-event.svg?v=1	1209600.0 s	732 B
/themes/custom/cepr/assets/img/placeholders/placeholder-m...	1209600.0 s	697 B
/p.css?s=1&k=oub2dog&ht=tk&f=31135.31136.31137.31138.3113...	604800.0 s	172 B

Layout shifts occur when elements move absent any user interaction. Investigate the causes of layout shifts, such as elements being added, removed, or their fonts changing as the page loads.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

headings: [map[key:node label:Element subItemsHeading:map[key:extra] valueType:node] map[granularity:0.001 key:score label:Layout shift score subItemsHeading:map[key:cause valueType:text] valueType:numeric]]

items: [map[node:map[type:text value:Total] score:0.226054] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:798 height:473 left:0 right:1350 top:325 width:1350] lhId:page-22-SECTION nodeLabel:Focus on... Trump & Tariffs Artificial Intelligence Europe-Asia Initiative path:1,HTML,1,BODY,4,DIV,4,MAIN,1,DIV,1,SECTION selector:div.dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas > main#content > div.region > section.c-featured-content snippet:<section class="c-featured-content c-featured-content--three o-section c-featured-content-…"> type:node] score:0.223986] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:940 height:86 left:0 right:1350 top:854 width:1350] lhId:page-27-DIV nodeLabel:We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… path:1,HTML,1,BODY,12,DIV selector:body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup snippet:<div id="sliding-popup" role="alertdialog" aria-describedby="popup-text" aria-label="Cookie compliance banner" class="sliding-popup-bottom" style="bottom: 0px;"> type:node] score:0.000214] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:940 height:86 left:0 right:1350 top:854 width:1350] lhId:page-27-DIV nodeLabel:We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… path:1,HTML,1,BODY,12,DIV selector:body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup snippet:<div id="sliding-popup" role="alertdialog" aria-describedby="popup-text" aria-label="Cookie compliance banner" class="sliding-popup-bottom" style="bottom: 0px;"> type:node] score:0.000182] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:940 height:86 left:0 right:1350 top:854 width:1350] lhId:page-27-DIV nodeLabel:We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… path:1,HTML,1,BODY,12,DIV selector:body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup snippet:<div id="sliding-popup" role="alertdialog" aria-describedby="popup-text" aria-label="Cookie compliance banner" class="sliding-popup-bottom" style="bottom: 0px;"> type:node] score:0.000173] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:940 height:86 left:0 right:1350 top:854 width:1350] lhId:page-27-DIV nodeLabel:We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… path:1,HTML,1,BODY,12,DIV selector:body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup snippet:<div id="sliding-popup" role="alertdialog" aria-describedby="popup-text" aria-label="Cookie compliance banner" class="sliding-popup-bottom" style="bottom: 0px;"> type:node] score:0.000164]]

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL	Resource Size	Est Savings
SYM25 `div.c-simple-manual-card__image-wrapper > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/25-...	270.5 KiB	263.9 KiB
Europe-Asia Feature `div.c-simple-manual-card__image-wrapper > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	236.4 KiB	230.6 KiB
Retired couple standing outside of new home `div.c-card__image-inner > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Ado...	219.5 KiB	214.1 KiB
Tariffs Feature `div.c-simple-manual-card__image-wrapper > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	213.3 KiB	208.0 KiB
Policy Insights `div.c-simple-manual-card__image-wrapper > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	205.2 KiB	200.1 KiB
Yiping Huang, Dean of the National School of Development at Peking University, … `div.c-card__image-inner > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Vox...	193.8 KiB	189.0 KiB
Maurice Obstfeld interviewed by Tim Phillips, on Global Imbalances Redux `div.c-card__image-inner > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Vox...	190.0 KiB	185.3 KiB
Gilles Moëc is interviewed by Tim Phillips on Stablecoins and Global Imbalances `div.c-card__image-inner > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Vox...	189.5 KiB	184.8 KiB
World War Trade Banner image `div.c-cta-img-vid__img-vid-wrapper > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Wor...	196.0 KiB	184.5 KiB
Paris Report 4 `div.c-card__image-inner > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Par...	187.4 KiB	182.8 KiB
Planes waiting to take off `div.c-card__image-inner > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Ado...	173.7 KiB	169.4 KiB
AI Feature `div.c-simple-manual-card__image-wrapper > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	163.1 KiB	159.1 KiB
CEPR video `div.c-simple-manual-card__image-wrapper > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	151.5 KiB	147.7 KiB
DIscussonPaperBannerImage `div.c-simple-manual-card__image-wrapper > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	126.8 KiB	123.7 KiB
Federal Reserve and US flags next to lectern `div.c-card__image-inner > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Ado...	120.9 KiB	117.9 KiB
Hélène Rey appointed as Economic Adviser and Head of Monetary and Economic Depa… `div.c-card__image-inner > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-03/Eco...	114.9 KiB	112.1 KiB
Sign up image `div.c-simple-manual-card__image-wrapper > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-03/Unt...	106.4 KiB	103.7 KiB
Women in Economics `div.c-simple-manual-card__image-wrapper > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2025-01/WIE...	102.1 KiB	99.6 KiB
Europe 2050 - News item cover image `div.c-card__image-inner > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-03/Eur...	91.8 KiB	89.5 KiB
2026 Best Young French Economist Award `div.c-card__image-inner > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/202...	69.7 KiB	68.0 KiB
Policy Insight 148 - Cover shot `div.c-card__image-inner > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/portrait_standard/public/2026...	17.3 KiB	14.3 KiB
Paris Report 4 - Cover image `div.c-card__image-inner > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image`	/sites/default/files/styles/portrait_standard/public/2026...	17.0 KiB	14.0 KiB

Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

lhId: page-11-IMG

nodeLabel: AI Feature

path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,4,DIV,4,MAIN,1,DIV,1,SECTION,0,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,ARTICLE,0,A,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,PICTURE,10,IMG

selector: div.c-simple-manual-card__image-wrapper > div.c-media > picture > img.c-media__image

snippet: <img loading="eager" width="560" height="315" class="c-media__image" src="https://cepr.org/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unti…" alt="AI Feature" typeof="foaf:Image">

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.

title: Preconnected origins

value: no origins were preconnected

description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.

title: Preconnect candidates

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size	Duration
/p.css?s=1&k=oub2dog&ht=tk&f=31135.31136.31137.31138.3113...	172 B	268 ms
/css2?family=Source+Serif+Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,700;1,400...	1.3 KiB	210 ms
/sites/default/files/js/js_zkhgQK5Xfm-3vNsqA2UfQ9VMFaiq3J...	33.1 KiB	296 ms
use.typekit.net/oub2dog.css	2.1 KiB	205 ms
/sites/default/files/css/css_2sV4yAJoWIMWVsyGwv-LMTiNevaQ...	26.6 KiB	248 ms
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/magnific-popup.js/1.1.0/magnific-popup.min.css	1.9 KiB	225 ms
/sites/default/files/css/css_bNL711l4WmatscF3-W4gpYkf4CcC...	3.1 KiB	56 ms

Consider setting font-display to swap or optional to ensure text is consistently visible. swap can be further optimized to mitigate layout shifts with font metric overrides.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Est Savings
/af/630ec8/00000000000000003b9ae7f8/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be...	5.0 ms
/af/20ad3a/00000000000000003b9ae7f7/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be...	5.0 ms

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

These are the largest layout shifts observed on the page. Each table item represents a single layout shift, and shows the element that shifted the most. Below each item are possible root causes that led to the layout shift. Some of these layout shifts may not be included in the CLS metric value due to windowing. Learn how to improve CLS

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Element	Layout shift score
Focus on... Trump & Tariffs Artificial Intelligence Europe-Asia Initiative `div.dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas > main#content > div.region > section.c-featured-content`	0.224
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… `body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup`	0.000
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… `body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup`	0.000
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… `body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup`	0.000
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… `body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup`	0.000
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… `body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup`	0.000
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… `body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup`	0.000
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… `body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup`	0.000
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… `body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup`	0.000
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… `body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup`	0.000
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… `body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup`	0.000
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… `body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup`	0.000
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… `body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup`	0.000
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… `body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup`	0.000
We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking the Ac… `body.path-frontpage > div#sliding-popup`	0.000

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

Diagnostics

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 50 ms 22.9 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/sites/default/files/css/css_2sV4yAJoWIMWVsyGwv-LMTiNevaQ...	26.1 KiB	22.9 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 90 ms 208.9 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-PHC2J8R	137.2 KiB	69.4 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-78MFZJW65N&cx=c&gtm=4e64m0h2	152.4 KiB	64.8 KiB
/sites/default/files/js/js_C_RsM-H52oO-nWGVjh4GzsLWeX2aTZ...	50.5 KiB	38.6 KiB
/sites/default/files/js/js_AT43IVqq0aMlBRt7nVoYaiGNYUML6o...	49.9 KiB	36.1 KiB

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/25-...	271.7 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	237.0 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Ado...	220.0 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	213.8 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-02/Unt...	205.8 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Wor...	196.6 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Vox...	194.3 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Vox...	191.2 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Vox...	190.7 KiB
/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_large/public/2026-04/Par...	188.0 KiB

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Max Potential First Input Delay 100 ms

●Document request latency

●Optimize DOM size

●Forced reflow

●LCP breakdown

●Modern HTTP

●Optimize viewport for mobile

●Minify CSS

●Minify JavaScript

●User Timing marks and measures 5 user timings

●JavaScript execution time 0.4 s

●Minimizes main-thread work 0.9 s

●Avoid long main-thread tasks 3 long tasks found

●Image elements have explicit `width` and `height`

●Page didn't prevent back/forward cache restoration

●Network Requests

●Network Round Trip Times 50 ms

●Server Backend Latencies 60 ms

●Tasks

●Diagnostics

●Metrics

●Screenshot Thumbnails

●Final Screenshot

●Script Treemap Data

●Resources Summary

●Avoid multiple page redirects

●Initial server response time was short Root document took 110 ms

○INP breakdown

○Avoid non-composited animations

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Navigation

Properly ordered headings that do not skip levels convey the semantic structure of the page, making it easier to navigate and understand when using assistive technologies. Learn more about heading order.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
SIGN UP TO OUR NEWSLETTER `div.c-footer__bottom > div.c-footer__bottom-inner > div.c-footer__sign-up-wrapper > h6.c-footer__header`

These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

Tables and lists

Screen readers have a specific way of announcing lists. Ensuring proper list structure aids screen reader output. Learn more about proper list structure.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
![](../../../../../../../../../../var/folders/34/zq18d8kx7kbgby0j06p_j6t40000gn… `div.c-card__content-wrapper > div.c-card__theme-wrapper > div.c-card__taxonomy-wrapper > ul.c-card__taxonomy-list`
![](../../../../../../../../../../var/folders/34/zq18d8kx7kbgby0j06p_j6t40000gn… `div.c-card__content-wrapper > div.c-card__theme-wrapper > div.c-card__taxonomy-wrapper > ul.c-card__taxonomy-list`
![](../../../../../../../../../../var/folders/34/zq18d8kx7kbgby0j06p_j6t40000gn… `div.c-card__content-wrapper > div.c-card__theme-wrapper > div.c-card__taxonomy-wrapper > ul.c-card__taxonomy-list`
![](../../../../../../../../../../var/folders/34/zq18d8kx7kbgby0j06p_j6t40000gn… `div.c-card__content-wrapper > div.c-card__theme-wrapper > div.c-card__taxonomy-wrapper > ul.c-card__taxonomy-list`
![](../../../../../../../../../../var/folders/34/zq18d8kx7kbgby0j06p_j6t40000gn… `div.c-card__content-wrapper > div.c-card__theme-wrapper > div.c-card__taxonomy-wrapper > ul.c-card__taxonomy-list`
![](../../../../../../../../../../var/folders/34/zq18d8kx7kbgby0j06p_j6t40000gn… `div.c-card__content-wrapper > div.c-card__theme-wrapper > div.c-card__taxonomy-wrapper > ul.c-card__taxonomy-list`
![](../../../../../../../../../../var/folders/34/zq18d8kx7kbgby0j06p_j6t40000gn… `div.c-card__content-wrapper > div.c-card__theme-wrapper > div.c-card__taxonomy-wrapper > ul.c-card__taxonomy-list`

These are opportunities to improve the experience of reading tabular or list data using assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Visible text labels that do not match the accessible name can result in a confusing experience for screen reader users. Learn more about accessible names.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Themes `div.c-header__wrapper > div.c-header__nav-wrapper > div.c-header__action-button-wrapper > button.c-header__action-button`

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●Input buttons have discernible text.

●Form elements have associated labels

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

●Links have a discernible name

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●Document has a main landmark.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

●ARIA IDs are unique

●Identical links have the same purpose.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

Best Practices

General

Deprecated APIs will eventually be removed from the browser. Learn more about deprecated APIs.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Deprecation / Warning	Source
SharedStorage	cepr.org/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js
StorageType.persistent is deprecated. Please use standardized navigator.storage instead.	cepr.org/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js
Fledge	cepr.org/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Source	Description
www.bugherd.com/sidebarv2.js?apikey=n55oqaersfxg8q7cixtwkg	`[AUTH] Unauthenticated Error: Cannot initialize BugHerd at https://www.bugherd.com/sidebarv2.js?apikey=n55oqaersfxg8q7cixtwkg:1:10569 at async https://www.bugherd.com/sidebarv2.js?apikey=n55oqaersfxg8q7cixtwkg:1:18715`
www.bugherd.com/sidebarv2.js?apikey=n55oqaersfxg8q7cixtwkg	`undefined`

●Uses HTTPS

●Avoids third-party cookies

●Allows users to paste into input fields

●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load

●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load

●Displays images with correct aspect ratio

●Serves images with appropriate resolution

●Page has the HTML doctype

●Properly defines charset

●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools

●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks

●Use a strong HSTS policy

●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP

●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types

●Detected JavaScript libraries

●Page has valid source maps

○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS

○Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP

SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

Content Best Practices

Meta descriptions may be included in search results to concisely summarize page content. Learn more about the meta description.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Format your HTML in a way that enables crawlers to better understand your app’s content.

○Structured data is valid

●Page isn’t blocked from indexing

●Document has a `<title>` element

●Page has successful HTTP status code

●Links have descriptive text

●Links are crawlable

●robots.txt is valid

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●Document has a valid `hreflang`

●Document has a valid `rel=canonical`