Accessibility

· 13 checks — Landmarks, headings, alt text, forms, and link quality rolled into one auditable list.

SCORE

GRADE

FIX

REVIEW

PASS

INFO

Checks

5 PASS 1 REVIEW 7 FIX

Heading Hierarchy

Action

47 headings, 5 skip(s)

FIX

47 headings, 5 skip(s)

Multiple H1 headings (6 found)

A page should have only one H1. Multiple H1s dilute the document outline.

Heading level skipped: H1 → H3 (missing H2)

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

Heading level skipped: H1 → H3 (missing H2)

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

Heading level skipped: H1 → H3 (missing H2)

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

Heading level skipped: H1 → H3 (missing H2)

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

Heading level skipped: H1 → H3 (missing H2)

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

H1 CERN Accelerating science
H2 CERN
H3 Muon g-2 Experiment Pioneers Win Breakthrough...
H3 Chile becomes an Associate Member State of CE...
H3 CERN to host Europe’s flagship open access pu...
H3 BASE experiment at CERN succeeds in transport...
H2 Science
H1 Featured resources duplicate H1
H3 CERN Courier Sep/Oct 2025 skipped
H3 High-Luminosity LHC images
H3 LHC Facts and Figures
H1 Latest News duplicate H1
H3 ATLAS sets record limits on Higgs boson’s sel... skipped
H3 ATLAS acts as a cosmic-ray laboratory
H3 Muon g-2 Experiment Pioneers Win Breakthrough...
H3 CMS looks deep inside quarks
H3 Chile becomes an Associate Member State of CE...
H3 CERN Timepix chips fly to the Moon
H3 CERN levels up with new superconducting karts
H3 CERN to host Europe’s flagship open access pu...
H3 CMS strengthens the case for toponium
H1 Explore CERN duplicate H1
H3 Plan your CERN visit skipped
H3 Take an immersive tour of CERN's accelerators...
H3 Explore CERN's educational resources
H3 CERN and the environment
H3 Technology from CERN to society
H1 Upcoming events duplicate H1
H3 Axiverse Lampposts skipped
H3 ISOLDE Physics Group Meeting (PGM) and Seminar
H3 Perspectives of Nuclear Physics in Europe
H3 Correlations and information processing: quantum and beyond
H3 Arxiv + presentation by Miguel Montero
H3 Latest development on spectroscopic X-ray imaging in medicine: SPEC...
H3 Summary of the 8th Workshop on Medical Applications of Spectroscopi...
H3 Performance limitations due to beam-beam interactions and wakefield...
H3 Girls in ICT 2026 – Découverte de l'informatique au CERN
H1 Key Achievements duplicate H1
H3 The Higgs boson skipped
H3 The Large Hadron Collider
H3 Antimatter
H3 The birth of the Web
H3 W and Z bosons
H3 Neutral currents
H2 Find us
H2 CERN & You
H2 General Information

A page should have only one H1. Multiple H1s dilute the document outline.

Why this matters

Multiple H1s blur the page's primary topic — screen-reader users and Google both prefer one H1.

Learn more ▾

HTML5's outline algorithm technically allows multiple H1s within sectioning content, but no browser implements it. In practice: one H1 per page. Use H2-H6 for subsections.

Source: WCAG 2.4.6 / Google Search Central

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

Why this matters

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline — screen-reader users lose track of section nesting.

Learn more ▾

Screen reader users navigate by jumping between headings (H1 → H2 → H3). Skipping (H1 → H3) breaks the sense of hierarchy. Use sequential levels even if you don't like the default styling — restyle with CSS instead. WCAG 1.3.1 (Info and Relationships) treats this as an A failure.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / W3C WAI

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

Why this matters

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline — screen-reader users lose track of section nesting.

Learn more ▾

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / W3C WAI

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

Why this matters

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline — screen-reader users lose track of section nesting.

Learn more ▾

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / W3C WAI

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

Why this matters

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline — screen-reader users lose track of section nesting.

Learn more ▾

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / W3C WAI

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

Why this matters

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline — screen-reader users lose track of section nesting.

Learn more ▾

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / W3C WAI

Link & Button Quality

Action

42 issue(s) across 215 links and 6 buttons

FIX

42 issue(s) across 215 links and 6 buttons

38 link(s) with no accessible text

Links without text are announced as raw URLs by screen readers.

Got: /news/press-release/cern/muon-g-2-experiment-pioneers-win-breakthrough-prize-…; /news/news/cern/chile-becomes-associate-member-state-cern; /news/news/cern/cern-host-europes-flagship-open-access-publishing-platform; /news/press-release/experiments/base-experiment-cern-succeeds-transporting-an…; /resources/courier/physics/cern-courier-sepoct-2025; /resources/image/accelerators/high-luminosity-lhc-gallery; /resources/brochure/knowledge-sharing/lhc-facts-and-figures; a#main-content; a.endof-cern-header-blocks (#817 on page); /news/news/physics/atlas-sets-record-limits-higgs-bosons-self-interaction (+28 more)

1 link(s) open in new tab without warning

Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.

Got: https://linktr.ee/CERN_official

4 button(s) with no accessible text

Icon-only buttons need an aria-label so screen readers can announce them.

Got: button.bubbly-button (#1086 on page); button#cboxPrevious; button#cboxNext; button#cboxSlideshow

176 link(s) with descriptive text

215 links

38 empty

0 generic text

1 new tab

4 empty buttons

Element	Text	Issue	Suggested Fix
/news/press-release/cern/muon-g-2-experi…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/news/news/cern/chile-becomes-associate-…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/news/news/cern/cern-host-europes-flagsh…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/news/press-release/experiments/base-exp…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/resources/courier/physics/cern-courier-…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/resources/image/accelerators/high-lumin…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/resources/brochure/knowledge-sharing/lh…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/news/news/physics/atlas-sets-record-lim…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/news/news/physics/atlas-acts-cosmic-ray…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/news/press-release/cern/muon-g-2-experi…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/news/news/physics/cms-looks-deep-inside…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/news/news/cern/chile-becomes-associate-…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/news/news/knowledge-sharing/cern-timepi…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/news/news/engineering/cern-levels-new-s…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/news/news/cern/cern-host-europes-flagsh…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/news/news/physics/cms-strengthens-case-…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
https://visit.cern	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/science/accelerators/accelerator-comple…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
https://educational-resources.web.cern.c…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/about/what-we-do/environmentally-respon…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/about/what-we-do/our-impact	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
https://indico.cern.ch/export/event/1664…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
https://indico.cern.ch/export/event/1666…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
https://indico.cern.ch/export/event/1675…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
https://indico.cern.ch/export/event/1671…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
https://indico.cern.ch/export/event/1677…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
https://indico.cern.ch/export/event/1676…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
https://indico.cern.ch/export/event/1676…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
https://indico.cern.ch/export/event/1661…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
https://indico.cern.ch/export/event/1649…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/science/physics/higgs-boson	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/science/accelerators/old-large-hadron-c…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/science/physics/antimatter-old	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/science/computing/birth-web	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/science/physics/w-boson-sunshine-and-st…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/science/experiments/gargamelle	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
https://linktr.ee/CERN_official	More Social Media Accounts	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
<button>	(empty)	empty	Add button text or aria-label
<button>	(empty)	empty	Add button text or aria-label
<button>	(empty)	empty	Add button text or aria-label
<button>	(empty)	empty	Add button text or aria-label

178 links and buttons have descriptive text

Links without text are announced as raw URLs by screen readers.

/news/press-release/cern/muon-g-2-experiment-pioneers-win-breakthrough-prize-…; /news/news/cern/chile-becomes-associate-member-state-cern; /news/news/cern/cern-host-europes-flagship-open-access-publishing-platform; /news/press-release/experiments/base-experiment-cern-succeeds-transporting-an…; /resources/courier/physics/cern-courier-sepoct-2025; /resources/image/accelerators/high-luminosity-lhc-gallery; /resources/brochure/knowledge-sharing/lhc-facts-and-figures; a#main-content; a.endof-cern-header-blocks (#817 on page); /news/news/physics/atlas-sets-record-limits-higgs-bosons-self-interaction (+28 more)

Why this matters

Links with no accessible text (empty <a></a>, image-only no alt, icon-only no aria-label) are unidentifiable to screen readers.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 2.4.4

Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.

https://linktr.ee/CERN_official

Why this matters

Links with target="_blank" without rel="noopener" leak the originating page's window context — security and UX issue.

Learn more ▾

Without rel="noopener", the new tab can navigate the original tab via window.opener (tab-nabbing attack). Modern browsers default to noopener for target=_blank but only since recent versions. Always set rel="noopener noreferrer" explicitly.

Source: MDN target / OWASP

Icon-only buttons need an aria-label so screen readers can announce them.

button.bubbly-button (#1086 on page); button#cboxPrevious; button#cboxNext; button#cboxSlideshow

Why this matters

Buttons with no accessible text (icon-only, no aria-label) can't be activated by voice control or understood by screen readers.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 4.1.2

Favicon & Branding

Action

1 icon(s) detected

FIX

1 icon(s) detected

No favicon.ico at site root

Some older browsers, bookmark tools, and RSS readers look for /favicon.ico. Add one as a fallback.

HTML icon links detected

No apple-touch-icon detected

iOS devices use this when users add your site to their home screen. Add <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='180x180' href='/apple-touch-icon.png'>.

✗ favicon.ico Missing

✓ PNG Icons Present

✗ Apple Touch Missing

✗ SVG Favicon Missing

✗ Manifest Icons Missing

✗ Multiple Sizes Missing

Web Manifest

Action

Not found

FIX

Not found

No web manifest found

No manifest at standard paths (/manifest.json, /site.webmanifest). A manifest is optional but enables PWA features like home screen installation and standalone display.

No web manifest found.

Dark Mode Support

Action

No dark mode signals

FIX

No dark mode signals

No dark mode signals detected

Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles

External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.

Dark ModeNo Dark Mode Detected

color-scheme meta Not set ✗Dark theme-color Not set ✗CSS indicators Not detected ✗

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles.

Print Stylesheet

Action

No print styles

FIX

No print styles

No print-specific styles detected

When users print this page, they get the screen layout including navigation and non-essential elements. Add @media print rules to hide navigation and optimize layout for paper.

Print Stylesheet No Print Styles

Print stylesheet Not found ✗Inline @media print Not detected ✗

Navigation UX

Action

2 navigation pattern(s)

FIX

2 navigation pattern(s)

Search functionality detected

Got: role-search

Skip navigation link detected

5 navigation landmark(s) detected

Breadcrumbs

Search role='search' landmark

Skip Link Skip link detected

Labeled Navigation 5 <nav> element(s)

Hamburger Menu

Sticky Navigation Cannot reliably detect (CSS-based)

3 of 6 testable patterns navigation patterns detected. Strong navigation UX with multiple discovery paths.

Color Contrast (Screenshot)

Action

20 text elements analyzed, 10 fail WCAG AA

REVIEW

Analyzes text contrast against the actual rendered page, including background images, gradients, and overlays that CSS-based tools cannot detect.

10 pass 10 fail WCAG AA 1 pass AA only

title Home | CERN

1.32:1

#000000

#222222

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · top of page (header area)

a Skip to main content

2.33:1

#000000

#48494A

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · top of page (header area) · over background image/gradient

a CERN

3.53:1

#000000

#626466

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · top of page (header area)

span Accelerating science

3.62:1

#000000

#626668

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · top of page (header area)

a Sign in

3.89:1

#000000

#656B6F

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · above the fold

a Directory

4.10:1

#000000

#676F73

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · above the fold

span Toggle navigation

3.73:1

#000000

#62686F

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · above the fold

a About

3.64:1

#000000

#61666F

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · above the fold

p At CERN, we probe the fundamental struct…

4.00:1

#000000

#676B82

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · above the fold

a Know more

2.14:1

#000000

#373B87

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · above the fold

1 contrast failures on background images/gradients

These failures are invisible to CSS-based accessibility tools like Lighthouse. The text may be fine on a solid background, but fails when rendered over an image or gradient.

Show all checked elements (20)

Element	Ratio	Required	FG	BG	Result
h1 Featured resources	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h1 Latest News	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h1 Explore CERN	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h1 Upcoming events	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h1 Key Achievements	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 CERN	3.69:1	3.0:1	#000000	#626677	Pass
h2 Science	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 Find us	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 CERN & You	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 General Information	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
title Home \| CERN	1.32:1	4.5:1	#000000	#222222	Fail
a Skip to main content	2.33:1	4.5:1	#000000	#48494A	Fail
a CERN	3.53:1	4.5:1	#000000	#626466	Fail
span Accelerating science	3.62:1	4.5:1	#000000	#626668	Fail
a Sign in	3.89:1	4.5:1	#000000	#656B6F	Fail
a Directory	4.10:1	4.5:1	#000000	#676F73	Fail
span Toggle navigation	3.73:1	4.5:1	#000000	#62686F	Fail
a About	3.64:1	4.5:1	#000000	#61666F	Fail
p At CERN, we probe th…	4.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#676B82	Fail
a Know more	2.14:1	4.5:1	#000000	#373B87	Fail

Methodology: The top 20 text elements by font size were checked. Background color was sampled from the desktop screenshot using a 5-point pattern. WCAG 2.1 AA requires 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.

Landmark Structure

9 landmarks

PASS

9 landmarks

<main> landmark present

5 <nav> landmark(s) found

1 of 5 <nav> elements are unlabeled

Multiple navigations need aria-label to distinguish them for screen readers.

Skip navigation link present

Search landmark present

Page Structure — as a screen reader sees it

Multiple navigations need aria-label to distinguish them for screen readers.

Why this matters

Some <nav> elements lack aria-label — screen-reader users hear 'navigation' multiple times with no way to distinguish them.

Learn more ▾

When a page has multiple <nav> regions (primary, footer, breadcrumb), each needs aria-label or aria-labelledby. AT users navigate by landmark; identical 'navigation' announcements force them to enter each one to discover purpose.

Source: WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices

A+

Alt Text Quality

1 of 8 images have issues

PASS

1 of 8 images have issues

1 image(s) with filename as alt text

7 image(s) with good alt text

8 images 7 good alt text 1 generic

Issue	Count
filename	1 image(s)

A+

Form Accessibility

All 1 controls labeled

PASS

All 1 controls labeled

1 control(s) properly labeled

1 controls

1 labeled

0 placeholder only

0 unlabeled

Control	Type	Label	Method
#edit-keys	search	Search	for/id

404 Error Page

HTTP 404, custom page

PASS

HTTP 404, custom page

Correct 404 status code returned

Got: HTTP 404

Custom styled 404 page

Navigation links present on 404 page

Homepage link present on 404 page

Search form present on 404 page

404 Page Quality ✓ Custom 404 Page

Status Code HTTP 404 ✓Page Title Page not found | CERN ✓Custom Styling ✓Navigation ✓Homepage Link ✓Search Form ✓

Lighthouse Accessibility Audits

Score 91/100 — 3 failing, 23 passed

PASS

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Contrast

Low-contrast text is difficult or impossible for many users to read. Learn how to provide sufficient color contrast.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Copyright `body.page-node-193099 > footer > div.copy-wrapper > a`

These are opportunities to improve the legibility of your content.

Navigation

Properly ordered headings that do not skip levels convey the semantic structure of the page, making it easier to navigate and understand when using assistive technologies. Learn more about heading order.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
ATLAS sets record limits on Higgs boson’s sel... `div.component-preview-cards__box_wrapper > div.component-preview-cards__box > div.preview-card__title > h3.standard-title`
Plan your CERN visit `div.component-preview-cards__box_wrapper > div.component-preview-cards__box > div.preview-card__title > h3`
Axiverse Lampposts `div.agenda-box-pattern > div.agenda-box-pattern__box-wrapper > div.agenda-box-link > h3`
The Higgs boson `div.component-preview-cards__box_wrapper > div.component-preview-cards__box > div.preview-card__title > h3`

These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

Names and labels

Link text (and alternate text for images, when used as links) that is discernible, unique, and focusable improves the navigation experience for screen reader users. Learn how to make links accessible.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card > a.box-link `div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card > a.box-link`
div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card--2 > a.box-link `div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card--2 > a.box-link`
div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card > a.box-link `div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card > a.box-link`
div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card--3 > a.box-link `div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card--3 > a.box-link`
div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card--2 > a.box-link `div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card--2 > a.box-link`
div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card--4 > a.box-link `div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card--4 > a.box-link`
div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card--5 > a.box-link `div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card--5 > a.box-link`
div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card--3 > a.box-link `div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card--3 > a.box-link`
div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card--6 > a.box-link `div.carousel-cern-item > div.horizontal-boxes-row > div#preview-card--6 > a.box-link`
div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--8 > a.box-link `div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--8 > a.box-link`
div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--9 > a.box-link `div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--9 > a.box-link`
div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--10 > a.box-link `div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--10 > a.box-link`
div.component-row__row > div.component-row__column > div#preview-card--11 > a.box-link `div.component-row__row > div.component-row__column > div#preview-card--11 > a.box-link`
div.component-row__row > div.component-row__column > div#preview-card--12 > a.box-link `div.component-row__row > div.component-row__column > div#preview-card--12 > a.box-link`
div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--19 > a.box-link `div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--19 > a.box-link`
div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--20 > a.box-link `div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--20 > a.box-link`
div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--21 > a.box-link `div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--21 > a.box-link`
div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--22 > a.box-link `div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--22 > a.box-link`
div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--23 > a.box-link `div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--23 > a.box-link`
div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--24 > a.box-link `div.component-row__column > div.box-effects-wrapper > div#preview-card--24 > a.box-link`

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●Document has a main landmark.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

●Identical links have the same purpose.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Form elements have associated labels

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

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