Infrastructure - https://cambridge.org BeaverCheck Audit

C

IPv6 Readiness

Action

No IPv6 support

REVIEW

No IPv6 support

No IPv6 (AAAA) records found

IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.

No IPv6 Support

About 40% of internet users have IPv6. Consider adding AAAA records.

IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.

Why this matters

No AAAA records — same impact as 'no IPv6 (AAAA) records'; IPv6-preferring clients pay extra latency falling back to IPv4.

Source: Google IPv6 stats

C

URL Variants

Action

www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS

REVIEW

www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS

Both www and non-www versions serve content

Got: Both variants return 200 Expected: One variant 301-redirects to the other

HTTP→HTTPS redirect uses 302 instead of 301

Got: 302 temporary redirect Expected: 301 permanent redirect

www / non-www

200https://www.cambridge.org/

200https://cambridge.org/

Inconsistent — duplicate content risk

HTTP → HTTPS

302http://cambridge.org/ → https://www.cambridge.org:443/

Use 301 (permanent) instead of 302 (temporary)

B

TLS Certificate Expiry & Recommendations

58 days until leaf cert expires — 4 issues to address

REVIEW

Certificate validity

58

days left

0d 30d 60d 90d+

Recommended actions

Prefer TLS 1.3 — TLS 1.2 is acceptable but TLS 1.3 removes RSA key exchange and improves latency
Enable HSTS: Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
Enable DNSSEC on your domain for DNS spoofing protection
Enable OCSP stapling on your TLS server to remove a CA roundtrip and protect user privacy

B

CDN & Delivery

Cloudflare

REVIEW

Cloudflare

Site is served via Cloudflare CDN (edge: SIN)

Got: cf-ray: 9ed51288da6c5fd8-SIN

CDN Detected: Cloudflare

Provider Cloudflare Evidence cf-ray: 9ed51288da6c5fd8-SIN

A+

DNS Records

2 A records, 12 ms lookup

PASS

2 A records, 12 ms lookup

Resolves to 2 IPv4 address(es)

Got: 104.17.111.190, 104.17.110.190

No IPv6 (AAAA) records

2 nameserver(s) configured

Got: lex.ns.cloudflare.com, nucum.ns.cloudflare.com

2 mail exchanger(s) configured

CAA records not checked

CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.

SPF record present in TXT

DNS resolution time: 12 ms

Got: 12 ms

A	104.17.111.190, 104.17.110.190
AAAA	—
CNAME	—
NS	lex.ns.cloudflare.com, nucum.ns.cloudflare.com
MX	4 eu-smtp-inbound-1.mimecast.com 4 eu-smtp-inbound-2.mimecast.com
TXT	08261f74-adda-45ae-bab0-9b7e8919b7c7 0c333ae6-6e62-4dd3-bd75-bbbe8c00a9e3 56l0x50ygt1fkr23c9npqsrmwqr2cvhb 6mhwwb8qmrthfb7qmpjlkhr6w30yrqk7 77b755eb-0c8f-462f-9071-e147b4823dba MS=ms61882158 Z8kBemfkazJ2i4ysd4p6BpfEKVVRKFT0hQCLeyk8itVhI7FgQo/fof5BCS1pgLO13FaYp+KaVmX2pPT7... _7medm2uqul87tj3d47vgw0kjs7tvycm _9acsisu491ieex01chikb1wu70u61ev _qzf1ow8akt4j08t4s2mpxnfm03j00ap adobe-idp-site-verification=7d354030906008d5dcab28dc74cff0b4c3f868aa68415212c708... amazonses:Hk45M0qWK+GZ2iX9XJ0TVVq2mc+DayOePbXsYVp/abQ= amazonses:ULRvjmdH/bCZZFgF/xINBm531pRwaQntnQRX/m4r5Zc= amazonses:ivqwfLhOGGWGY27uhxdFOA4LwWOJLR+4cr1nUQ4Guh4= amazonses:q6HVI+PeonYnqfC7kDzNqCrUyIXQnena/tC1RgTQZ/s= anthropic-domain-verification-mae9zt=OrJVGKqpLLCr3R2xm97n1UkaA apple-domain-verification=0z9Q3j82qURKE0jE apple-domain-verification=DhDDkLn3rLrZDuNx apple-domain-verification=dJCKMZtNMZrBxvyv atlassian-domain-verification=7S7bsIrOwlHLdBG0OLNWITmcgqmnW8uaUKxRjA4McIJx1ThN46... atlassian-sending-domain-verification=681c02b7-bef7-4652-a1c3-b5999a7056c2 confluent-verification=5cd8b60d-2121-4b7a-8dc9-6c3fb6a7bc43 docusign=8f67c3ac-0e31-428a-b89b-d6c05efbcc57 facebook-domain-verification=nkrm6s56pcmfep9h0lgko47xsxxml5 figma-domain-verification=82306f7d5e6d9b44f70bf7e951c99627e467dcb0111c988d3ae206... formstack-domain-verification=bc1d27a650a1f333058871330e43d4c1 google-site-verification=-houjDGhv3j4boUHMyT2w-kmHVFMJBopLlqOV9CRtXE google-site-verification=N5etRfpe1AcCZMdSJz5sVicQHzzIr9RbU9cQTjQ94vE google-site-verification=RHYH2O4q7639HXg9OOtkhwU1GoSz2yrwFQ95dmHzArI google-site-verification=iDXI17Esaf_WqUOMbG7t1tkZ3cD3I2B81texGDyCmLE have-i-been-pwned-verification=361b42c0181f1c91867b0c7731657e90 include:5924315.spf03.hubspotemail.net include:spf1.formassembly.com knowbe4-site-verification=6f2a12971b44215b655214e401300716 krp4xlxh54n2p0jgnklc2sy826wnbqfd miro-verification=e0eb88c47512f1b3e347014c28cd69d732b8cc38 onetrust-domain-verification=67ea4d2fa6f84245aa04d058118d26ad onetrust-domain-verification=e66d1551d1154391a5e51733b7fc58a8 parkable-domain-verification=tfyMMTd19z2TedD63DPVMyjFILPMgwM4IP7J2elpykE= teamviewer-sso-verification=db65502554224be3a892d0a1d7d23ac7 SPF v=spf1 redirect=390fwuvj._spf._d.mim.ec xwwmlgcbfg256thhdv0150228ks7rkzb zoho-verification=zb43177975.zmverify.zoho.com
CAA	Lookup not available with standard resolver

Resolved in 12 ms

CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.

Why this matters

Informational: CAA (Certification Authority Authorization) records weren't checked in this scan.

A

Redirect Chain

1 redirect(s), 61 ms total

PASS

1 redirect(s), 61 ms total

Single redirect

Got: https://cambridge.org → https://www.cambridge.org (301)

WWW normalization redirect

https://cambridge.org

23 ms · HTTP/1.1

301

https://www.cambridge.org

38 ms · HTTP/1.1 FINAL

#	URL	Status	Time	Protocol	Server
1	https://cambridge.org	301	23 ms	HTTP/1.1	cloudflare
2	https://www.cambridge.org	200	38 ms	HTTP/1.1	cloudflare

See the visual redirect chain in the HTTP Probe tab →

A+

Crawlability

robots.txt present, sitemap with 2 URLs

PASS

robots.txt present, sitemap with 2 URLs

robots.txt is present

Got: 2785 bytes

sitemap.xml is present

sitemap.xml is valid XML

sitemap.xml contains 2 entries

Sitemap index with 2 child sitemaps

robots.txt references sitemap

robots.txt 200 OK

Size 2785 B Sitemaps referenced 1 User-agents Yandex, ChatGPT-User, ChatGPT, *, Twitterbot Blocking No — crawling allowed

User-agent: Yandex
Disallow: /

User-agent: ChatGPT-User
Disallow: /

User-agent: ChatGPT
Disallow: /

User-agent: *
Allow: /concrete/*.css
Allow: /concrete/*.js
Allow: /concrete/*.jpg
Allow: /concrete/*.svg
Allow: /concrete/*.png
Allow: /concrete/*.gif
Allow: /packages/*.css
Allow: /packages/*.js
Allow: /packages/*.jpg
Allow: /packages/*.svg
Allow: /packages/*.png
Allow: /packages/*.gif
Allow: /blocks/*.css
Allow: /blocks/*.js
Allow: /blocks/*.jpg
Allow: /blocks/*.svg
Allow: /blocks/*.png
Allow: /blocks/*.gif
Allow: /tools/packages/cambridge_themes/getSocialImage
Allow: /tools/packages/cambridge_themes/miniCart*
Disallow: /aca/authorinformation/
Disallow: /blocks
Disallow: /concrete
Disallow: /config
Disallow: /controllers
Disallow: /css
Disallow: /elements
Disallow: /helpers
Disallow: /jobs
Disallow: /js
Disallow: /languages
Disallow: /libraries
Disallow: /mail
Disallow: /models
Disallow: /packages
Disallow: /single_pages
Disallow: /themes
Disallow: /tools
Disallow: /updates
Disallow: /branding
Disallow: /wm-ecommerce-web/academic/addtocart
Disallow: /wm-ecommerce-web/english/addtocart
Disallow: /wm-ecommerce-web/academic/cart
Disallow: /wm-ecommerce-web/english/cart
Disallow: /wm-ecommerce-web/education/cart
Disallow: */c5catalogue/
Disallow: /resources
Disallow: /core/dashboard
Disallow: /core/my-core
Disallow: /core/services/aop-*
Allow: /core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/
Allow: /core/services/aop-cambridge-core/altmetric
Allow: /core/services/aop-file-manager/file
Allow: /aus/interchange
Allow: /files/*.jpg
Allow: /files/*.jpeg
Allow: /files/*.png
Allow: /files/*.gif
Disallow: /files
Disallow: /series/
Disallow: /titles/
Disallow: /uk
Allow: /uk/bookshop
Allow: /uk/education
Allow: /uk/jobs
Allow: /uk/linguistics
Allow: /uk/chemistry
Allow: /uk/stm
Allow: /uk/resources
Disallow: /engage/*/submit-process
Disallow: /engage/*/author-dashboard
Disallow: /engage/*/administration-dashboard
Disallow: /engage/_nuxt
Disallow: */storefront/
Disallow: /engage/demo
Disallow: /engage/*/retract-process
Disallow: /engage/*/test
Disallow: /highereducation/_nuxt
Disallow: /highereducation/my-account
Disallow: /package.json
Disallow: /api/ecommerce/bag
Disallow: /node
Disallow: /*?*site_view=
Disallow: /*?*nestedTab=
Disallow: /*?*ccm_paging_p_b=
Disallow: /*?*layout=
Disallow: /*?*f%5B*%5D=
Disallow: /*?*options[]=
Disallow: /*?*options%5B%5D=
Disallow: /*?f[*
Disallow: /*&f[*
Disallow: /*element_properties.*
Disallow: /*form_defaults.*
Disallow: /*property_group_options.*
Disallow: /*style_builder.*
Disallow: /checkout/
Disallow: /signin
Disallow: /register



User-agent: Twitterbot
Disallow: *
Disallow: /download_file/
Disallow: /manifests
Disallow: /infographic


Sitemap: https://www.cambridge.org/highereducation/sitemap_index.xml

sitemap.xml 200 OK

Type Sitemap Index URLs 2 entries Valid XML Yes

Child Sitemaps:

A+

Domain Intelligence

cambridge.org — via CSC Corporate Domains, Inc., 28 years, 4 months old, hosted on Cloudflare

PASS

cambridge.org — via CSC Corporate Domains, Inc., 28 years, 4 months old, hosted on Cloudflare

Domain registered until Dec 30, 2026 (8 months remaining)

DNSSEC is not enabled

DNSSEC protects against DNS spoofing attacks. While not required, enabling DNSSEC adds an additional layer of security. Contact your DNS provider to enable it.

Registrar: CSC Corporate Domains, Inc.

Registrar lock is NOT enabled

The domain can be transferred without an unlock step. Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) in your registrar's control panel to protect against unauthorized or accidental transfers.

Hosting: Cloudflare

Got: AS13335

Domain expiry

170 days

December 30, 2026

SSL certificate

58 days

Issued by Google Trust Services

Domain age

28 years, 4 months

Registered April 18, 1998

DNSSEC

Not enabled

Protects against DNS spoofing

Hosting

Cloudflare

ASN AS13335

104.17.111.190

Registrar

CSC Corporate Domains, Inc.

Unlocked 2 NS records

Expiry timeline

Today

+1 year

Domain expiry SSL expiry Danger zone (≤30 days)

Recommended actions

Enable DNSSEC to protect visitors from DNS spoofing
Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) to block unauthorized domain transfers

Registrar CSC Corporate Domains, Inc.

Created April 18, 1998 (28 years, 4 months ago)

Expires December 30, 2026 (8 months)

Last Updated December 31, 2025

Name Servers lex.ns.cloudflare.com, nucum.ns.cloudflare.com

DNSSEC Not enabled

Hosting

IP Address 104.17.111.190

ASN AS13335 (CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US)

Provider Cloudflare

Data source: rdap (0.8s)

DNSSEC protects against DNS spoofing attacks. While not required, enabling DNSSEC adds an additional layer of security. Contact your DNS provider to enable it.

Why this matters

Without DNSSEC, an attacker who can poison your DNS can hijack your domain — and SSL certs alone don't stop them.

Learn more ▾

DNSSEC adds cryptographic signatures to DNS records, preventing forged responses from poisoning resolver caches. Without it, an attacker who controls the network path can redirect your domain to a malicious server before any HTTPS handshake happens. Most modern registrars (Cloudflare, Google Domains, Route 53) enable it with one toggle.

Source: ICANN / RFC 4033

The domain can be transferred without an unlock step. Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) in your registrar's control panel to protect against unauthorized or accidental transfers.

Why this matters

Without registrar lock, an attacker who phishes your registrar credentials can transfer the domain in minutes — total brand hijack.

Learn more ▾

Registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited, clientUpdateProhibited, clientDeleteProhibited) requires extra verification before any transfer/update/delete. Every major registrar offers it free. Combined with 2FA on your registrar account, it's the strongest defense against domain hijacking.

Source: ICANN / domain-security best practice

A+

HTTP Probe Timing

Total 29 ms — DNS, TCP, TLS, TTFB, content transfer breakdown

PASS

DNS Lookup

4 ms

TCP Connect

1 ms

TLS Handshake

11 ms

Time to First Byte

29 ms

Total Time

29 ms

Connection waterfall

DNS Lookup 4 ms TCP Connect 1 ms TLS Handshake 11 ms Server Processing 13 ms Content Transfer 0 ms