https://intechopen.com
Lighthouse Desktop
· 0 checks — Desktop Lighthouse audit -- Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, and SEO category breakdown.SCORE
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Detailed Report
Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.
42
Performance
Insights
Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
Layout shifts occur when elements move absent any user interaction. Investigate the causes of layout shifts, such as elements being added, removed, or their fonts changing as the page loads.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
headings: [map[key:node label:Element subItemsHeading:map[key:extra] valueType:node] map[granularity:0.001 key:score label:Layout shift score subItemsHeading:map[key:cause valueType:text] valueType:numeric]]
items: [map[node:map[type:text value:Total] score:0.41791] map[score:0.20775 subItems:map[items:[map[cause:Unsized image element]] type:subitems]] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:2057 height:1450 left:0 right:1350 top:607 width:1350] lhId:page-30-DIV nodeLabel:1106 web of science citations
chapter by nobel laureate geoffrey e. hinton
1st … path:1,HTML,1,BODY,8,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,1,SECTION,5,DIV selector:div > div.home > section.featured > div.ParallaxContainer snippet:<div data-v-31f4458c="" class="ParallaxContainer parallax"> type:node] score:0.20775 subItems:map[items:[map[cause:Unsized image element extra:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:1962 height:241 left:984 right:1144 top:1722 width:160] lhId:page-16-IMG nodeLabel:Infrared Spectroscopy path:1,HTML,1,BODY,8,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,1,SECTION,5,DIV,4,DIV,1,DIV,0,FIGURE,0,A,0,SPAN,0,IMG selector:figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image snippet:<img data-v-5a3804d0="" src="https://cdnintech.com/books/1591/1718268554-726901/web-cover.jpg" alt="Infrared Spectroscopy" class="image"> type:node]]] type:subitems]] map[score:0.00241 subItems:map[items:[map[cause:Unsized image element]] type:subitems]]]
Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| URL | Resource Size | Est Savings | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gerard ’t Hooft div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img | cdnintech.com/media/author/348921/1755062945/profile/image1.jpg | 1.1 MiB | 1.1 MiB |
Pamela McCauley div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img | cdnintech.com/media/author/141524/1604448294/profile/image1.jpg | 885.6 KiB | 881.5 KiB |
Xingshun Qi div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img | cdnintech.com/media/author/197501/1776076634/profile/image1.png | 521.3 KiB | 518.0 KiB |
Zongjie Wang div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img | cdnintech.com/media/author/462000/1693380696/profile/image1.jpg | 330.1 KiB | 326.7 KiB |
div.ParallaxContainer > div.ParallaxElement > div.series > div.series__cover div.ParallaxContainer > div.ParallaxElement > div.series > div.series__cover | cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/6.jpg | 331.5 KiB | 284.9 KiB |
Antimicrobials, Antibiotic Resistance, Antibiofilm Strategies and Activity Meth… figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image | cdnintech.com/books/8427/1718277977-1087328360/web-cover.jpg | 222.6 KiB | 220.0 KiB |
Gérard Mourou div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img | cdnintech.com/media/author/14454/1770369159/profile/image1.png | 222.1 KiB | 218.7 KiB |
div.ParallaxContainer > div.ParallaxElement > div.series > div.series__cover div.ParallaxContainer > div.ParallaxElement > div.series > div.series__cover | cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/7.jpg | 233.0 KiB | 186.4 KiB |
aligned-with-united-nations-sdgs div.cards > div.box > div.icon-box > img.icon | /web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/sdg-publishers-comp... | 183.7 KiB | 183.4 KiB |
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/acrt-bg.jpg | 161.6 KiB | 137.3 KiB |
Douglas McNair div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img | cdnintech.com/media/author/219757/1604448294/profile/image1.jpg | 132.2 KiB | 128.7 KiB |
Towards the Eradication of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> Infection figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image | cdnintech.com/books/1003597/1721026978-111936806/web-cover.jpg | 107.9 KiB | 102.8 KiB |
Barry J. Marshall div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img | cdnintech.com/media/author/543958/1734031032/profile/image1.png | 105.6 KiB | 102.1 KiB |
Hiroshi Ishiguro div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img | cdnintech.com/media/author/11981/1774994896/profile/image1.png | 97.4 KiB | 94.0 KiB |
Climate Policies figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image | cdnintech.com/books/1003912/1744353931-2131354844/web-cover.jpg | 95.7 KiB | 92.4 KiB |
Preparation of Space Experiments figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image | cdnintech.com/books/10445/1718280072-399735011/web-cover.jpg | 86.8 KiB | 84.4 KiB |
Infrared Spectroscopy figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image | cdnintech.com/books/1591/1718268554-726901/web-cover.jpg | 86.1 KiB | 83.0 KiB |
Topics on Quantum Information Science figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image | cdnintech.com/books/10674/1718280379-110458738/web-cover.jpg | 84.2 KiB | 81.3 KiB |
Cutting Edge Robotics figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image | cdnintech.com/books/5787/1718273601-1097852179/web-cover.jpg | 84.1 KiB | 79.9 KiB |
Margarida Gaspar de Matos div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img | cdnintech.com/media/author/451559/1742555340/profile/image1.png | 81.1 KiB | 77.7 KiB |
Eva Segelov div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img | cdnintech.com/media/author/235057/1718799006/profile/image1.jpg | 74.4 KiB | 71.0 KiB |
Affective Computing figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image | cdnintech.com/books/3789/1718271609-378087935/web-cover.jpg | 66.8 KiB | 64.4 KiB |
3 Months
to Publication
Always Open
for Submissions
26 Book Series
Covering D… div > div.home > section.series > div.cards | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/img/headerbackground.282cc378.png | 119.5 KiB | 54.4 KiB |
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/dmht-bg.jpg | 76.3 KiB | 52.0 KiB |
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/geet-bg.jpg | 74.3 KiB | 49.9 KiB |
Bryan Palaszewski div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img | cdnintech.com/media/author/279275/1683608921/profile/image1.jpg | 44.4 KiB | 41.0 KiB |
Oliver K. Baker div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img | cdnintech.com/media/author/352341/1765955755/profile/image1.jpg | 21.3 KiB | 18.3 KiB |
div.header__content > div.boxes > div.box > div.box__cover div.header__content > div.boxes > div.box > div.box__cover | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/img/BoxPhoto2.7875f832.png | 9.5 KiB | 9.0 KiB |
div.header__content > div.boxes > div.box > div.box__cover div.header__content > div.boxes > div.box > div.box__cover | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/img/BoxPhoto.d419341a.png | 8.1 KiB | 7.6 KiB |
Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
lhId: page-29-VIDEO
nodeLabel: section.header > div.header__inner > div.header__content > video.videoInsert
path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,8,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,SECTION,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,VIDEO
selector: section.header > div.header__inner > div.header__content > video.videoInsert
snippet: <video data-v-262f3765="" autoplay="autoplay" loop="loop" muted="muted" playsinline="" class="videoInsert">
Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.
title: Preconnected origins
value: no origins were preconnected
description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.
title: Preconnect candidates
Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| URL | Transfer Size | Duration |
|---|---|---|
| consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js | 35.7 KiB | 282 ms |
Consider setting font-display to swap or optional to ensure text is consistently visible. swap can be further optimized to mitigate layout shifts with font metric overrides.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.
Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
Estimated savings: 484 ms
| URL | Time Spent |
|---|---|
| intechopen.com/ | 484 ms |
| www.intechopen.com/ | 0.0 ms |
These are the largest layout shifts observed on the page. Each table item represents a single layout shift, and shows the element that shifted the most. Below each item are possible root causes that led to the layout shift. Some of these layout shifts may not be included in the CLS metric value due to windowing. Learn how to improve CLS
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| Element | Layout shift score |
|---|---|
| 0.208 | |
1106 web of science citations
chapter by nobel laureate geoffrey e. hinton
1st … div > div.home > section.featured > div.ParallaxContainer | 0.208 |
| 0.002 |
Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
TTI
Diagnostics
Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
Estimated savings: 290 ms 254.3 KiB
| URL | Transfer Size | Est Savings |
|---|---|---|
| cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/vendors~app.af92ceeaf02411c6f026.js | 202.3 KiB | 120.6 KiB |
| www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-DTTE7J8M7F | 163.0 KiB | 61.1 KiB |
| /011c3436-7d64-4a27-ac89-ad262dbcfb8f/cc.js?renew=false&r... | 108.0 KiB | 25.1 KiB |
| cdn.userway.org/widgetapp/2026-04-14-10-40-20/widget_app_base_1776163220800.js | 47.1 KiB | 24.8 KiB |
| consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js | 35.4 KiB | 22.8 KiB |
Minifying CSS files can reduce network payload sizes. Learn how to minify CSS.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
Estimated savings: 0.0 ms 35.3 KiB
| URL | Transfer Size | Est Savings |
|---|---|---|
| ./src/components/main/BookSubjectArea.vue | 7.3 KiB | 6.6 KiB |
| ./src/components/partials/BookCover.vue | 6.9 KiB | 6.4 KiB |
| ./src/pages/NotFoundPage.vue | 6.3 KiB | 5.9 KiB |
| ./src/pages/ErrorPage.vue | 6.1 KiB | 5.7 KiB |
| ./src/components/partials/LazyImage.vue | 5.4 KiB | 5.3 KiB |
| ./src/components/partials/Loader.vue | 5.4 KiB | 5.3 KiB |
Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
Estimated savings: 0.0 ms 13.4 KiB
| URL | Transfer Size | Est Savings |
|---|---|---|
| .resize-observer[data-v-8859cc6c]{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:-1;width:100%;height:100%; … } … | 24.0 KiB | 13.4 KiB |
Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| URL | |
|---|---|
aligned-with-united-nations-sdgs div.cards > div.box > div.icon-box > img.icon | /web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/sdg-publishers-comp... |
Twitter div.nav-box > div.social-wrap > a.icr > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/x.svg |
section.benifits > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img section.benifits > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/peer_review.svg |
section.benifits > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img section.benifits > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/online_first_2.svg |
section.benifits > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img section.benifits > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/open_access.svg |
Publishing steps div.home > section.series > div.series__copy > img.steps-img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/StepsDesktop-lightNew.svg |
Facebook div.nav-box > div.social-wrap > a.icr > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/facebook.svg |
LinkedIn div.nav-box > div.social-wrap > a.icr > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/linkedin.svg |
Instagram div.nav-box > div.social-wrap > a.icr > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/instagram.svg |
Instagram div.nav-box > div.social-wrap > a.icr > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/bluesky.svg |
Instagram div.nav-box > div.social-wrap > a.icr > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/youtube.svg |
section.benifits > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img section.benifits > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/authors_first.svg |
IntechOpen footer > div.footer > div.anniversary > img.logo | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/20logo.svg |
div.cards > div.cards__right > div.card > img.card__image div.cards > div.cards__right > div.card > img.card__image | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/barcode.svg |
div.cards > div.cards__left > div.card > img.card__image div.cards > div.cards__left > div.card > img.card__image | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/fast_clock.svg |
div.cards > div.cards__left > div.card > img.card__image div.cards > div.cards__left > div.card > img.card__image | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/open_submission_new.svg |
div.cards > div.cards__right > div.card > img.card__image div.cards > div.cards__right > div.card > img.card__image | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/series.svg |
div.boxes > div.box > a.box__text > img div.boxes > div.box > a.box__text > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/arrow_right.svg |
div.boxes > div.box > a.box__text > img div.boxes > div.box > a.box__text > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/arrow_right.svg |
open-access-&-open-science div.cards > div.box > div.icon-box > img.icon | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/OpenAccessLock.svg |
paid-publication-and-dissemination div.cards > div.box > div.icon-box > img.icon | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/BookSectionOpen.svg |
renowned-editorial-board div.cards > div.box > div.icon-box > img.icon | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/ThreePeople.svg |
technology-focused div.cards > div.box > div.icon-box > img.icon | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/PeerReview.svg |
div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow > img div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/arrow_right-ivory.svg |
div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow > img div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/arrow_right-ivory.svg |
div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow > img div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow > img | cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/arrow_right-ivory.svg |
More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.
●Max Potential First Input Delay 90 ms
●Optimize DOM size
●Forced reflow
●LCP breakdown
●Modern HTTP
●Optimize viewport for mobile
●Minify JavaScript
●User Timing marks and measures 7 user timings
●JavaScript execution time 0.5 s
●Minimizes main-thread work 1.4 s
●Avoid long main-thread tasks 3 long tasks found
●Avoid non-composited animations 1 animated element found
●Page didn't prevent back/forward cache restoration
●Network Requests
●Network Round Trip Times 170 ms
●Server Backend Latencies 370 ms
●Tasks
●Diagnostics
●Metrics
●Screenshot Thumbnails
●Final Screenshot
●Script Treemap Data
●Resources Summary
●Initial server response time was short Root document took 100 ms
○INP breakdown
93
Accessibility
These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.
Names and labels
Informative elements should aim for short, descriptive alternate text. Decorative elements can be ignored with an empty alt attribute. Learn more about the `alt` attribute.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| Failing Elements |
|---|
div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon |
div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon |
div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon |
div.book > div.two-tags > div.nobel > img.nobel-icon div.book > div.two-tags > div.nobel > img.nobel-icon |
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img |
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img |
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img |
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img |
section#journals > div.journals > a > img.journals-logo section#journals > div.journals > a > img.journals-logo |
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img |
div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical |
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img |
div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical |
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img |
div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
Link text (and alternate text for images, when used as links) that is discernible, unique, and focusable improves the navigation experience for screen reader users. Learn how to make links accessible.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| Failing Elements |
|---|
div.home > section#journals > div.journals > a div.home > section#journals > div.journals > a |
div.journal-card > div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow div.journal-card > div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow |
div.journal-card > div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow div.journal-card > div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow |
div.journal-card > div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow div.journal-card > div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow |
These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.
○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable
○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state
○The page has a logical tab order
○Visual order on the page follows DOM order
○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region
○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page
○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation
○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology
○Custom controls have associated labels
○Custom controls have ARIA roles
●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`
●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes
●Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.
●`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element
●`[role]` values are valid
●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values
●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled
●Buttons have an accessible name
●Form elements have associated labels
●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.
●`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names
●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role
●Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents
●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes
●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio
●Document has a `<title>` element
●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute
●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute
●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).
●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements
●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0
●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.
●`[lang]` attributes have a valid value
●Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order
●Document has a main landmark.
●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used
●`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`
●Identical links have the same purpose.
○`[accesskey]` values are unique
○ARIA input fields have accessible names
○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names
○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.
○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names
○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names
○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region
○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.
○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements
○ARIA IDs are unique
○No form fields have multiple labels
○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title
○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.
○Input buttons have discernible text.
○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text
○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.
○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`
○`<object>` elements have alternate text
○Select elements have associated label elements.
○Skip links are focusable.
○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.
○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.
○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.
○All heading elements contain content.
○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements
○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.
○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.
○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.
○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.
96
Best Practices
User Experience
Image display dimensions should match natural aspect ratio. Learn more about image aspect ratio.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| URL | Aspect Ratio (Displayed) | Aspect Ratio (Actual) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Climate Policies figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image | cdnintech.com/books/1003912/1744353931-2131354844/web-cover.jpg | 160 x 231 (0.69) | 865 x 1228 (0.70) |
Towards the Eradication of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> Infection figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image | cdnintech.com/books/1003597/1721026978-111936806/web-cover.jpg | 187 x 270 (0.69) | 865 x 1228 (0.70) |
General
Source maps translate minified code to the original source code. This helps developers debug in production. In addition, Lighthouse is able to provide further insights. Consider deploying source maps to take advantage of these benefits. Learn more about source maps.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
●Uses HTTPS
●Avoids deprecated APIs
●Avoids third-party cookies
●Allows users to paste into input fields
●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load
●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load
●Serves images with appropriate resolution
●Page has the HTML doctype
●Properly defines charset
●No browser errors logged to the console
●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools
●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks
●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP
●Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP
●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types
●Detected JavaScript libraries
○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS
○Use a strong HSTS policy
83
SEO
These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.
Content Best Practices
Descriptive link text helps search engines understand your content. Learn how to make links more accessible.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
Informative elements should aim for short, descriptive alternate text. Decorative elements can be ignored with an empty alt attribute. Learn more about the `alt` attribute.
Why this matters
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| Failing Elements |
|---|
div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon |
div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon |
div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon |
div.book > div.two-tags > div.nobel > img.nobel-icon div.book > div.two-tags > div.nobel > img.nobel-icon |
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img |
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img |
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img |
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img |
section#journals > div.journals > a > img.journals-logo section#journals > div.journals > a > img.journals-logo |
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img |
div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical |
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img |
div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical |
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img |
div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img |
Format your HTML in a way that enables crawlers to better understand your app’s content.
○Structured data is valid
●Page isn’t blocked from indexing
●Document has a `<title>` element
●Document has a meta description
●Page has successful HTTP status code
●Links are crawlable
●robots.txt is valid
●Document has a valid `hreflang`
○Document has a valid `rel=canonical`