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Lighthouse Mobile

· 0 checks — Mobile Lighthouse audit -- Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, and SEO category breakdown.
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Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

28

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

RequestCache TTLTransfer Size
/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/736B937B-CCA4-...0.0 ms112.6 KiB
/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/9B31537D-70FD-...0.0 ms91.1 KiB
/asset/ad9b058e-1626-4e6e-9e45-f4069875edbf/WebsiteWebP_M...3600.0 s60.8 KiB
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/202501.2.0/otBannerSdk.js86400.0 s114.5 KiB
/asset/53dc2a05-bd58-4d6c-bb45-cbd757fe7dd2/WebsiteWebP_M...3600.0 s45.3 KiB
/asset/9903653d-5f5f-49e4-af08-0586071e6436/WebsiteWebP_M...3600.0 s45.1 KiB
/asset/3b3a148c-bc59-4bea-b9cb-fe26ac5ef292/WebsiteWebP_M...3600.0 s44.2 KiB
/asset/0f35fe33-984f-48c0-b65f-44243d6e4ee9/WebsiteWebP_M...3600.0 s43.0 KiB
static2.frontiersin.org/static-resources/frontiersdtsp-2.18.2.js0.0 ms25.8 KiB
/asset/fe1f84ba-fd90-4b48-9c9d-d59318fb6ff7/WebsiteWebP_M...3600.0 s30.2 KiB
/asset/894e81fb-8e45-40ca-9b9a-80eddb5b8c2c/WebsiteWebP_M...3600.0 s25.6 KiB
/asset/8a7a0253-89a9-429f-a314-8efe8a69e38e/WebsiteWebP_M...3600.0 s25.4 KiB
static2.frontiersin.org/static-resources/MuseoSans700.woff20.0 ms18.0 KiB
static2.frontiersin.org/static-resources/MuseoSans500.woff20.0 ms17.9 KiB
static2.frontiersin.org/static-resources/MuseoSans300.woff20.0 ms17.7 KiB
/asset/6143602b-1e87-45dc-872c-2fba6c6780c3/WebsiteWebP_M...3600.0 s20.7 KiB
static2.frontiersin.org/static-resources/FrontiersIconography.woff20.0 ms15.0 KiB
i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/jLJ7ZO3wOW4/sddefault.webp7200.0 s19.4 KiB
/asset/1abdfa85-1989-4e84-a3ab-240f5ce55c93/WebsiteWebP_M...3600.0 s17.3 KiB
/asset/7e3fed46-86be-4f97-87e7-ed62bb167ace/WebsiteWebP_M...3600.0 s16.6 KiB
/logos/e7701c5d-5192-47e9-a4ce-1ea9fe52e7f1/9ada51fd-4243...86400.0 s10.7 KiB
/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js?did=1e9ad659-0bd5-4a8a-9508...86400.0 s9.1 KiB
cdn.cookielaw.org/logos/static/powered_by_logo.svg86400.0 s2.6 KiB
static.doubleclick.net/instream/ad_status.js900.0 s495 B

Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Consider setting font-display to swap or optional to ensure text is consistently visible. swap can be further optimized to mitigate layout shifts with font metric overrides.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A forced reflow occurs when JavaScript queries geometric properties (such as offsetWidth) after styles have been invalidated by a change to the DOM state. This can result in poor performance. Learn more about forced reflows and possible mitigations.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

headings: [map[key:source label:Top function call valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]
items: [map[reflowTime:4.467 source:map[column:8495 line:6 type:source-location url:https://www.frontiersin.org/ urlProvider:network]]]
headings: [map[key:source label:Source valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]
items: [map[reflowTime:54.628 source:map[column:623616 line:1 type:source-location url:https://www.frontiersin.org/home-page-2022/_nuxt/90bd734.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:4.443 source:map[column:604272 line:1 type:source-location url:https://www.frontiersin.org/home-page-2022/_nuxt/90bd734.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.238 source:map[column:603212 line:1 type:source-location url:https://www.frontiersin.org/home-page-2022/_nuxt/90bd734.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.268 source:map[column:600367 line:1 type:source-location url:https://www.frontiersin.org/home-page-2022/_nuxt/90bd734.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.413 source:map[column:1.075341e+06 line:1 type:source-location url:https://www.frontiersin.org/home-page-2022/_nuxt/90bd734.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.445 source:map[column:1.055293e+06 line:1 type:source-location url:https://www.frontiersin.org/home-page-2022/_nuxt/90bd734.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.181 source:map[column:1.054332e+06 line:1 type:source-location url:https://www.frontiersin.org/home-page-2022/_nuxt/90bd734.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.309 source:map[column:1.051622e+06 line:1 type:source-location url:https://www.frontiersin.org/home-page-2022/_nuxt/90bd734.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.22 source:map[column:1.700143e+06 line:1 type:source-location url:https://www.frontiersin.org/home-page-2022/_nuxt/90bd734.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:1.346 source:map[column:169250 line:1 type:source-location url:https://www.frontiersin.org/home-page-2022/_nuxt/f07b8ec.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.154 source:map[column:565761 line:1 type:source-location url:https://www.frontiersin.org/home-page-2022/_nuxt/90bd734.js urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.126 source:map[column:1.041805e+06 line:1 type:source-location url:https://www.frontiersin.org/home-page-2022/_nuxt/90bd734.js urlProvider:network]]]

Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

lhId: page-0-IMG
nodeLabel: Ice climbing under aurora
path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,5,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,1,HEADER,0,DIV,0,FIGURE,0,PICTURE,1,IMG
selector: div.MainHeader > figure.FrontiersImage > picture.FrontiersImage > img.is-inside-mask
snippet: <img src="https://d2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA…" alt="Ice climbing under aurora" loading="eager" class="is-inside-mask">

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.
title: Preconnected origins
description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.
title: Preconnect candidates

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLResource SizeEst Savings
Young curly man in uniform is observing green bushes on tomato plantation in gl… a.CardA__wrapper > figure.FrontiersImage > picture.FrontiersImage > img.is-inside-mask
/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/9B31537D-70FD-...90.6 KiB84.0 KiB
Ice climbing under aurora div.MainHeader > figure.FrontiersImage > picture.FrontiersImage > img.is-inside-mask
/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/736B937B-CCA4-...112.1 KiB63.1 KiB
Homepage_Find a journal a.CardA__wrapper > figure.FrontiersImage > picture.FrontiersImage > img.is-inside-mask
/asset/3b3a148c-bc59-4bea-b9cb-fe26ac5ef292/WebsiteWebP_M...43.4 KiB36.9 KiB
FSCI_Hub_Locke_Nature_positive_Hub-card a.CardB__link > figure.FrontiersImage > picture.FrontiersImage > img.is-inside-mask
/asset/ad9b058e-1626-4e6e-9e45-f4069875edbf/WebsiteWebP_M...60.0 KiB31.6 KiB
Female Scientist Sits at His Workplace in Laboratory, Uses Personal Computer. S… a.CardA__wrapper > figure.FrontiersImage > picture.FrontiersImage > img.is-inside-mask
/asset/fe1f84ba-fd90-4b48-9c9d-d59318fb6ff7/WebsiteWebP_M...29.2 KiB24.3 KiB
In the Research Laboratory Smart African American Female Scientist Wearing Whit… a.CardA__wrapper > figure.FrontiersImage > picture.FrontiersImage > img.is-inside-mask
/asset/8a7a0253-89a9-429f-a314-8efe8a69e38e/WebsiteWebP_M...24.5 KiB20.4 KiB
Artificial intelligence. Microchip and brain shaped connections. Electric pulse… a.CardB__link > figure.FrontiersImage > picture.FrontiersImage > img.is-inside-mask
/asset/53dc2a05-bd58-4d6c-bb45-cbd757fe7dd2/WebsiteWebP_M...44.4 KiB16.0 KiB
Scarisoara Hall. Credit - Paun V.I. a.CardB__link > figure.FrontiersImage > picture.FrontiersImage > img.is-inside-mask
/asset/9903653d-5f5f-49e4-af08-0586071e6436/WebsiteWebP_M...44.3 KiB16.0 KiB
Children playing tug of war at the park a.CardB__link > figure.FrontiersImage > picture.FrontiersImage > img.is-inside-mask
/asset/0f35fe33-984f-48c0-b65f-44243d6e4ee9/WebsiteWebP_M...42.2 KiB13.9 KiB
Engineers male flying drone surveying and checking wind turbines from the high … a.CardA__wrapper > figure.FrontiersImage > picture.FrontiersImage > img.is-inside-mask
/asset/7e3fed46-86be-4f97-87e7-ed62bb167ace/WebsiteWebP_M...15.7 KiB13.0 KiB

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 883 ms
URLTime Spent
frontiersin.org/883 ms
www.frontiersin.org/0.0 ms

The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Diagnostics

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 750 ms 58.5 KiB
URLTransfer SizeEst Savings
www.frontiersin.org/home-page-2022/_nuxt/css/52ad924.css40.2 KiB34.4 KiB
28.0 KiB24.1 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling, and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to reduce Javascript execution time.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to minimize main-thread work

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

CategoryTime Spent
Script Evaluation3.2 s
Other717 ms
Script Parsing & Compilation707 ms
Style & Layout370 ms
Garbage Collection112 ms
Rendering100 ms
Parse HTML & CSS98 ms

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Layout shift culprits
●Optimize DOM size
●LCP breakdown
●Modern HTTP
●Render blocking requests
●Optimize viewport for mobile
●Minify CSS
●Minify JavaScript
●User Timing marks and measures 5 user timings
●Avoid long main-thread tasks 19 long tasks found
●Avoid non-composited animations 1 animated element found
●Image elements have explicit `width` and `height`
●Page didn't prevent back/forward cache restoration
●Network Requests
●Network Round Trip Times 50 ms
●Server Backend Latencies 100 ms
●Tasks
●Diagnostics
●Metrics
●Screenshot Thumbnails
●Final Screenshot
●Script Treemap Data
●Resources Summary
●Initial server response time was short Root document took 140 ms
●Avoid large layout shifts 10 layout shifts found
○INP breakdown
100

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Visible text labels that do not match the accessible name can result in a confusing experience for screen reader users. Learn more about accessible names.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Cookie Policy div#onetrust-group-container > div#onetrust-policy > div#onetrust-policy-text > a.ot-cookie-policy-link
○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable
○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state
○The page has a logical tab order
○Visual order on the page follows DOM order
○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region
○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page
○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation
○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology
○Custom controls have associated labels
○Custom controls have ARIA roles
●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`
●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes
●`[role]` values are valid
●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values
●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled
●Buttons have an accessible name
●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes
●Form elements have associated labels
●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.
●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role
●Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents
●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes
●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio
●Document has a `<title>` element
●`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title
●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute
●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute
●Links are distinguishable without relying on color.
●Links have a discernible name
●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).
●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements
●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0
●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.
●Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order
●Skip links are focusable.
●Document has a main landmark.
●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used
○`[accesskey]` values are unique
○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names
○ARIA input fields have accessible names
○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names
○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.
○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element
○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.
○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names
○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names
○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region
○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.
○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements
○ARIA IDs are unique
○No form fields have multiple labels
○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.
○Input buttons have discernible text.
○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text
○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`
○`<object>` elements have alternate text
○Select elements have associated label elements.
○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.
○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.
○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value
○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`
○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.
○All heading elements contain content.
○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements
○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.
○Identical links have the same purpose.
○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.
○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.
96

Best Practices

General

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

SourceDescription
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 401 ()

Source maps translate minified code to the original source code. This helps developers debug in production. In addition, Lighthouse is able to provide further insights. Consider deploying source maps to take advantage of these benefits. Learn more about source maps.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

●Uses HTTPS
●Avoids deprecated APIs
●Avoids third-party cookies
●Allows users to paste into input fields
●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load
●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load
●Displays images with correct aspect ratio
●Serves images with appropriate resolution
●Page has the HTML doctype
●Properly defines charset
●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools
●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks
●Use a strong HSTS policy
●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP
●Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP
●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types
●Detected JavaScript libraries
○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS
100

SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

○Structured data is valid
●Page isn’t blocked from indexing
●Document has a `<title>` element
●Document has a meta description
●Page has successful HTTP status code
●Links have descriptive text
●Links are crawlable
●robots.txt is valid
●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes
●Document has a valid `hreflang`
●Document has a valid `rel=canonical`

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