Accessibility

· 13 checks — Landmarks, headings, alt text, forms, and link quality rolled into one auditable list.

SCORE

GRADE

FIX

REVIEW

PASS

INFO

Checks

5 PASS 3 REVIEW 5 FIX

404 Error Page

Action

HTTP 404, bare page

FIX

HTTP 404, bare page

Correct 404 status code returned

Got: HTTP 404

Bare server default 404 page

The 404 page has no custom styling. Users hitting a broken link see a generic error with no way to navigate back. Add a custom 404 page with your site navigation and a search bar.

404 Page Quality Default 404 Page

Status Code HTTP 404 ✓Custom Styling ✗Navigation ✗Homepage Link ✗Search Form ✗

Web Manifest

Action

Not found

FIX

Not found

No web manifest found

No manifest at standard paths (/manifest.json, /site.webmanifest). A manifest is optional but enables PWA features like home screen installation and standalone display.

No web manifest found.

Dark Mode Support

Action

No dark mode signals

FIX

No dark mode signals

No dark mode signals detected

Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles

External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.

Dark ModeNo Dark Mode Detected

color-scheme meta Not set ✗Dark theme-color Not set ✗CSS indicators Not detected ✗

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles.

Print Stylesheet

Action

No print styles

FIX

No print styles

No print-specific styles detected

When users print this page, they get the screen layout including navigation and non-essential elements. Add @media print rules to hide navigation and optimize layout for paper.

Print Stylesheet No Print Styles

Print stylesheet Not found ✗Inline @media print Not detected ✗

Link & Button Quality

2 issue(s) across 126 links and 41 buttons

REVIEW

2 issue(s) across 126 links and 41 buttons

2 link(s) with generic text

Generic link text like 'click here' doesn't describe the destination.

Got: https://www.cfr.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-ai ("Read More"); https://www.cfr.org/regions/ukraine ("Read More")

12 link(s) open in new tab without warning

Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.

Got: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFl12cmVDnQ; https://www.cfr.org/podcasts/presidents-inbox; https://link.cfr.org/join/66n/signup; https://education.cfr.org/; https://store.cfr.org/; https://www.facebook.com/councilonforeignrelations/; https://www.linkedin.com/company/council-on-foreign-relations; https://www.youtube.com/cfr; https://www.instagram.com/cfr_org (+2 more)

112 link(s) with descriptive text

126 links

0 empty

2 generic text

12 new tab

0 empty buttons

Element	Text	Issue	Suggested Fix
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/	Foreign Affairs	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFl12cmV…	Watch on Youtube	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.cfr.org/keywords/artificial-…	Read More	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read More Suggested: Artificial Intelligence Ai
https://www.cfr.org/regions/ukraine	Read More	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read More Suggested: Ukraine
https://www.cfr.org/podcasts/presidents-…	Subscribe	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://link.cfr.org/join/66n/signup	Newsletters	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://education.cfr.org/	CFR Education	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://store.cfr.org/	CFR Store	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.facebook.com/councilonforeig…	facebook	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.linkedin.com/company/council…	linkedin	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.youtube.com/cfr	youtube	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.instagram.com/cfr_org	instagram	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.tiktok.com/@cfr_org	tiktok	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://x.com/CFR_org	x	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text

153 links and buttons have descriptive text

Generic link text like 'click here' doesn't describe the destination.

https://www.cfr.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-ai ("Read More"); https://www.cfr.org/regions/ukraine ("Read More")

Why this matters

Generic anchor text ('click here', 'read more', 'learn more') tells screen readers and search engines nothing about the destination.

Learn more ▾

Out-of-context lists of links read by AT (one navigation pattern) become useless when every link says 'click here'. Use the destination's title or topic as anchor text. Doubles as SEO win — Google passes anchor-text relevance to the destination.

Source: WCAG 2.4.4 / Google Search Central

Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.

https://www.foreignaffairs.com/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFl12cmVDnQ; https://www.cfr.org/podcasts/presidents-inbox; https://link.cfr.org/join/66n/signup; https://education.cfr.org/; https://store.cfr.org/; https://www.facebook.com/councilonforeignrelations/; https://www.linkedin.com/company/council-on-foreign-relations; https://www.youtube.com/cfr; https://www.instagram.com/cfr_org (+2 more)

Why this matters

Links with target="_blank" without rel="noopener" leak the originating page's window context — security and UX issue.

Learn more ▾

Without rel="noopener", the new tab can navigate the original tab via window.opener (tab-nabbing attack). Modern browsers default to noopener for target=_blank but only since recent versions. Always set rel="noopener noreferrer" explicitly.

Source: MDN target / OWASP

Favicon & Branding

Action

4 icon(s) detected

REVIEW

4 icon(s) detected

No favicon.ico at site root

Some older browsers, bookmark tools, and RSS readers look for /favicon.ico. Add one as a fallback.

HTML icon links detected

Apple touch icon present

Multiple icon sizes detected

✗ favicon.ico Missing

✓ PNG Icons Present

✓ Apple Touch Present

✗ SVG Favicon Missing

✗ Manifest Icons Missing

✓ Multiple Sizes Present

Color Contrast (Screenshot)

Action

20 text elements analyzed, 20 fail WCAG AA

REVIEW

Analyzes text contrast against the actual rendered page, including background images, gradients, and overlays that CSS-based tools cannot detect.

0 pass 20 fail WCAG AA

h1 Informing U.S. engagement with the world

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

32px · above the fold

h2 Iran’s Policy Ripple Effect

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 More on the Iran War

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 The World Agreed to Stop Using Food as a…

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 Interview Series: Working in Foreign Pol…

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 Around the World

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 Podcast: The Hormuz Shock, and Why the F…

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 Trending at CFR

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 Newsletters and Podcasts

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 Publications

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 CFR Events

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 CFR in the News

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 Latest Content

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h3 Why Trump’s pressure on the Fed might …

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

19px · bottom of viewport

h3 Artificial Intelligence

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

19px · bottom of viewport

h3 The War in Ukraine

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

19px · bottom of viewport

h3 The Daily News Brief

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

19px · bottom of viewport

h3 The President’s Inbox

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

19px · bottom of viewport

title Council on Foreign Relations

1.00:1

#000000

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · top of page (header area)

span Skip to content

1.00:1

#000000

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · top of page (header area)

Show all checked elements (20)

Element	Ratio	Required	FG	BG	Result
h1 Informing U.S. engag…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 Iran’s Policy Ripp…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 More on the Iran War	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 The World Agreed to …	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 Interview Series: Wo…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 Around the World	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 Podcast: The Hormuz …	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 Trending at CFR	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 Newsletters and Podc…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 Publications	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 CFR Events	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 CFR in the News	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 Latest Content	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h3 Why Trump’s pressu…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h3 Artificial Intellige…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h3 The War in Ukraine	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h3 The Daily News Brief	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h3 The President’s In…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
title Council on Foreign R…	1.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
span Skip to content	1.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#000000	Fail

Methodology: The top 20 text elements by font size were checked. Background color was sampled from the desktop screenshot using a 5-point pattern. WCAG 2.1 AA requires 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.

A+

Landmark Structure

17 landmarks

PASS

17 landmarks

<main> landmark present

4 <nav> landmark(s) found

All <nav> elements are properly labeled

Skip navigation link present

Page Structure — as a screen reader sees it

Heading Hierarchy

112 headings, 1 skip(s)

PASS

112 headings, 1 skip(s)

Single H1 present

Heading level skipped: H1 → H3 (missing H2)

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

H1 Informing U.S. engagement with the world
H3 The Iran War Expands Authoritarian Collaboration skipped
H3 Vaccine Skepticism Has Risen in the U.S.—And in Many Other Countries
H3 An 'Open for Open' Hormuz Deal Could Break the Iran Stalemate
H3 Iran, the Global Economy, and the Case Against Complacency
H3 Americans Actually Support U.S. Global Leadership
H3 Why Trump’s pressure on the Fed might be counterproductive
H3 Iran War
H3 Artificial Intelligence
H3 War in Ukraine
H3 Tariffs
H3 Venezuela
H3 Energy and Climate Policy
H2 Iran’s Policy Ripple Effect
H3 With Hormuz Closed, China Is Wiring the Globe’s Clean Energy Future
H3 How the Iran War Confirmed, Contradicted, and Complicated U.S. Policy
H3 The Easy Win That Could Help Unlock the Strait of Hormuz
H3 The U.S. Is Pushing Southeast Asia Toward China. The Iran War Made It Worse.
H2 More on the Iran War
H3 A Standoff Over the Strait of Hormuz Tests Trump’s Iran Ceasefire
H3 Coercing Iran: Why Trump’s Hormuz Blockade Has a Short Fuse
H3 U.S.-Iran Peace Talks Hit an Impasse. What Comes Next?
H3 Iran’s Support of the Houthis: What to Know
H3 Trump Secured a Ceasefire With Iran. Will It Last?
H3 Europe Should Use Its Leverage Over the Iran War
H3 Trump Gambled by Easing Oil Sanctions on Iran and Russia. Will It Pay Off?
H3 Kharg Island: Iran’s Oil Lifeline and a Tempting U.S. Target
H3 Why U.S. Allies in Asia Are Chasing Nuclear Energy—And Eyeing Nuclear Weapons
H3 Mission Accomplished? Taking Stock of the War in Iran
H3 Will Operation Epic Fury Affect the Midterm Elections?
H3 The Iran Conflict Is Becoming a Russia-Ukraine Proxy War
H3 The Iran War Is a Boon for Russia. Putin Should Still Worry.
H3 Gulf Leaders Need Trump to Finish the Job in Iran
H3 Trump Needs a Middle East Humanitarian Plan—Before It’s Too Late
H2 The World Agreed to Stop Using Food as a Weapon. It Hasn’t.
H2 Interview Series: Working in Foreign Policy
H3 How I Got My Career in Foreign Policy: Matthias Matthijs
H3 How I Got My Career in Foreign Policy: Carla Anne Robbins
H3 How I Got My Career in Foreign Policy: Rita Fernández
H3 How I Got My Career in Foreign Policy: Sebastian Mallaby
H3 How I Got My Career in Foreign Policy: Stuart Reid
H3 How I Got My Career in Foreign Policy: David J. Scheffer
H2 Around the World
H2 Orbán's Fall in Hungary Opens a Door for Europe — and Closes One for Russia
H2 What's Behind the Global Resurgence of Measles?
H2 Peru Is About to Elect Its Ninth President in a Decade
H2 Will NATO’s Seventy-Seventh Anniversary Be Its Last?
H2 A Year After ‘Liberation Day,’ Experts Review the Costs of Trump’s Tariffs
H2 Trump’s ‘Maximum Pressure’ Campaign on Cuba, Explained
H2 The U.S. Is Co-Hosting the FIFA World Cup. But Much of the World Can’t Attend.
H2 China Is Planning Decades Ahead on Clean Energy. The U.S. Has Other Priorities.
H2 Podcast: The Hormuz Shock, and Why the Fed Is 'On Hold'
H2 Trending at CFR
H3 Artificial Intelligence
H3 Six Reasons Claude Mythos Is an Inflection Point for AI—and Global Security
H3 AI Is Facing a Crisis of Control—and the Industry Knows It
H3 Anthropic’s Standoff With the Pentagon Is a Test of U.S. Credibility
H3 The AI Sovereignty Paradox at Home and Abroad
H3 The AI Bubble + The Productivity Paradox + India’s AI Summit
H3 America’s Digital Empire Has a Trust Problem
H3 The War in Ukraine
H3 The Iran Conflict Is Becoming a Russia-Ukraine Proxy War
H3 Autonomous Ukraine: One Woman's Path From a U.S. College Campus to the Ukrainian Battlefield
H3 Autonomous Ukraine: Allies, Partners, or Frenemies?
H3 Autonomous Ukraine: We Are in a New Era of Warfare
H3 Defending Europe if Russia Steps Out of the Gray Zone
H3 Preparing for the Day After in Europe
H3 Securing Ukraine’s Future in Europe: Ukraine's Defense Industrial Base—An Anchor for Economic Renewal and European Security
H2 Newsletters and Podcasts
H3 The Daily News Brief
H3 U.S.-Iran Truce Deadline Looms
H3 Iran and the U.S. Exchange Retaliation Threats
H3 Ten-Day Ceasefire Takes Effect in Lebanon
H3 U.S. Continues Economic and Diplomatic Pressure on Iran
H3 Middle East Diplomacy Continues Amid U.S. Blockade
H3 Israel-Lebanon Talks Loom as Fighting Persists
H3 The President’s Inbox
H3 What Comes Next After Failed U.S.-Iran Talks, With Elliott Abrams
H3 Russia’s Stakes in the Iran War, With Thomas Graham
H3 Gulf States Under Fire, With Mina Al-Oraibi
H3 Why Allies Aren’t Following on Iran, With Kristi Govella and Constanze Stelzenmüller
H3 The Strategy Gap in Iran, With Max Boot
H3 America at 250: The Lend-Lease Act, With Lynne Olson
H2 Publications
H2 After Khamenei: Planning for Iran’s Leadership Transition
H2 Preventing Renewed Conflict in Colombia
H2 Leapfrogging China’s Critical Minerals Dominance
H2 America Revived
H2 Conflicts to Watch in 2026
H2 Compete, Don’t Retreat
H2 The Next Taiwan Crisis Won’t Be Like the Last
H2 CFR Events
H3 A New Wave of Foreign Assistance: Innovative Financing and the Power of Commercial Diplomacy
H3 Home Field Advantage: Sports Diplomacy and North American Cooperation
H3 A Conversation With President Masato Kanda of the Asian Development Bank
H3 Delivering at the Frontlines: Innovating and Scaling Support for Fragile and Conflict-Affected States
H3 Ukraine's Critical Minerals: Aligning Capital, Security, and Reconstruction
H3 2026 International Monetary Fund Spring Meetings Curtain Raiser
H2 CFR in the News
H3 The Strategic Aftershocks of Trump’s Iran War
H3 Together for Tomorrow: Global Partnerships for Climate Solutions | Webinar
H3 U.S. War With Iran Hints at Limits of 'Make Europe Great Again' Project, Analysts Say
H3 Pacifist Japan is Rearming—This is Why
H3 The Battle for the Chokepoints (in Danish) | Weekendavisen
H3 Former State Department sanctions lead breaks down U.S. blockade of Iranian ports | CBS News
H2 Latest Content
H3 The U.S. Invasion of Veracruz, Mexico
H3 U.S.-Iran Truce Deadline Looms
H3 Two Gladiators, One Ambition
H3 The Iran War Is Highlighting—and Expanding—Authoritarian Collaboration
H3 Central Bank Currency Swaps Tracker
H3 A Standoff Over the Strait of Hormuz Tests Trump’s Iran Ceasefire

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

Why this matters

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline — screen-reader users lose track of section nesting.

Learn more ▾

Screen reader users navigate by jumping between headings (H1 → H2 → H3). Skipping (H1 → H3) breaks the sense of hierarchy. Use sequential levels even if you don't like the default styling — restyle with CSS instead. WCAG 1.3.1 (Info and Relationships) treats this as an A failure.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / W3C WAI

Alt Text Quality

1 of 104 images have issues

PASS

1 of 104 images have issues

1 image(s) with generic alt text

42 image(s) with alt text over 125 characters

61 image(s) with good alt text

104 images 61 good alt text 1 generic

Issue	Count
generic	1 image(s)
too long	42 image(s)

A+

Form Accessibility

All 1 controls labeled

PASS

All 1 controls labeled

1 control(s) properly labeled

1 controls

1 labeled

0 placeholder only

0 unlabeled

Control	Type	Label	Method
#_R_5llb_	email	Email address	aria-label

A+

Lighthouse Accessibility Audits

Score 95/100 — 2 failing, 24 passed

PASS

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Navigation

Properly ordered headings that do not skip levels convey the semantic structure of the page, making it easier to navigate and understand when using assistive technologies. Learn more about heading order.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
The Iran War Expands Authoritarian Collaboration `div.grid > article.group > div.col-span-full > h3#_R_61lbslb_`

These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

Best practices

Touch targets with sufficient size and spacing help users who may have difficulty targeting small controls to activate the targets. Learn more about touch targets.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
About CFR `nav.col-span-12 > ul.grid > li > a.link-reveal-underline`
Membership `nav.col-span-12 > ul.grid > li > a.link-reveal-underline`
Support CFR `nav.col-span-12 > ul.grid > li > a.link-reveal-underline`
Fellowships `nav.col-span-12 > ul.grid > li > a.link-reveal-underline`
Contact Us `nav.col-span-12 > ul.grid > li > a.link-reveal-underline`
For Media `nav.col-span-12 > ul.grid > li > a.link-reveal-underline`
Privacy Policy `nav.col-span-12 > ul.grid > li > a.link-reveal-underline`

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●Form elements have associated labels

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links have a discernible name

●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●Skip links are focusable.

●Document has a main landmark.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

●Identical links have the same purpose.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.