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https://cityu.edu.hk

Infrastructure

· 9 checks — DNS, redirects, IPv6, crawlability, URL variants, and domain intelligence rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
77
GRADE
C
FIX
1
REVIEW
5
PASS
3
INFO
0
Probed from Sao Paulo, Brazil
200 OK
Checks
9
3 PASS 5 REVIEW 1 FIX
D
URL Variants
Action
www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS
FIX
www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS
Critical::
Both www and non-www versions serve content
Got: Both variants return 200 Expected: One variant 301-redirects to the other
Critical::
HTTP version does not redirect to HTTPS
Got: HTTP 200 Expected: 301 redirect to HTTPS

www / non-www

200https://www.cityu.edu.hk/
200https://cityu.edu.hk/

Inconsistent — duplicate content risk

HTTP → HTTPS

200http://cityu.edu.hk/

HTTP version does not redirect to HTTPS

C
IPv6 Readiness
Action
No IPv6 support
REVIEW
No IPv6 support
Info::
No IPv6 (AAAA) records found
IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.
No IPv6 Support
About 40% of internet users have IPv6. Consider adding AAAA records.

IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.

Why this matters

No AAAA records — same impact as 'no IPv6 (AAAA) records'; IPv6-preferring clients pay extra latency falling back to IPv4.

Source: Google IPv6 stats

C
Crawlability
Action
robots.txt present, sitemap with 0 URLs
REVIEW
robots.txt present, sitemap with 0 URLs
Info::
robots.txt is present
Got: 212 bytes
Info::
sitemap.xml is present
Warning::
sitemap.xml contains invalid XML
Search engines may not be able to parse the sitemap. Fix XML validation errors.
Warning::
sitemap.xml is empty — no URLs found
An empty sitemap provides no value. Add <url> entries for your pages.
Info::
robots.txt does not reference a sitemap
Add a 'Sitemap:' directive to robots.txt so search engines can discover your sitemap.

Search engines may not be able to parse the sitemap. Fix XML validation errors.

Why this matters

An unparseable sitemap is silently ignored by Google — the URLs it advertises are never queued for crawl.

Learn more ▾

Google's sitemap parser is strict about XML validity. A single unescaped `&` or unclosed tag invalidates the whole file. Run your sitemap through a validator (Search Console's Sitemaps report flags it) and fix the offending entry. Most generators escape correctly; mistakes usually come from manually-written entries.

Source: sitemaps.org / Google Search Central

An empty sitemap provides no value. Add <url> entries for your pages.

Why this matters

An empty sitemap signals 'no content to index' to Google — actively harmful versus having no sitemap at all.

Learn more ▾

Google compares URLs in the sitemap against URLs it has crawled. An empty sitemap on a site with thousands of pages signals abandonment. Either populate it correctly (most CMSes auto-generate) or delete the file and let Google crawl normally.

Source: Google Search Central / sitemaps.org

Add a 'Sitemap:' directive to robots.txt so search engines can discover your sitemap.

Why this matters

robots.txt omits Sitemap: directive — crawlers must fetch /sitemap.xml by convention; reliable but missing the explicit hint.

Source: sitemaps.org

robots.txt 200 OK
Size 212 B Sitemaps referenced 0 User-agents Blocking No — crawling allowed
<html>
<head>
<META NAME="robots" CONTENT="noindex,nofollow">
<script src="/_Incapsula_Resource?SWJIYLWA=5074a744e2e3d891814e9a2dace20bd4,719d34d31c8e3a6e6fffd425f7e032f3">
</script>
<body>
</body></html>
sitemap.xml 200 OK
Type URL Set URLs 0 entries Valid XML No
B
HTTP Probe Timing
Total 958 ms — DNS, TCP, TLS, TTFB, content transfer breakdown
REVIEW
DNS Lookup DNS Lookup — time to resolve the domain name to an IP address.
340 ms
TCP Connect TCP Connect — time to establish a TCP connection to the server.
204 ms
TLS Handshake TLS Handshake — time to complete the HTTPS encryption handshake.
208 ms
Time to First Byte Time to First Byte — how long the server takes to respond with the first byte of data.
958 ms
Total Time Total request time from DNS lookup through full response.
958 ms

Connection waterfall

DNS Lookup 340 ms TCP Connect 204 ms TLS Handshake 208 ms Server Processing 207 ms Content Transfer 0 ms
B
TLS Certificate Expiry & Recommendations
84 days until leaf cert expires — 3 issues to address
REVIEW

Certificate validity

84
days left
0d 30d 60d 90d+

Recommended actions

  • Enable HSTS: Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
  • Enable DNSSEC on your domain for DNS spoofing protection
  • Enable OCSP stapling on your TLS server to remove a CA roundtrip and protect user privacy
B
CDN & Delivery
Incapsula
REVIEW
Incapsula
Info::
Site is served via Incapsula CDN
Got: x-iinfo: 49-98253-0 0NNN RT(1776815341497 208) q(0 -1 -1 1) r(0 -1) B10(4,314,0) U5
CDN Detected: Incapsula
Provider Incapsula Evidence x-iinfo: 49-98253-0 0NNN RT(1776815341497 208) q(0 -1 -1 1) r(0 -1) B10(4,314,0) U5
A
DNS Records
2 A records, 2004 ms lookup
PASS
2 A records, 2004 ms lookup
Info::
Resolves to 2 IPv4 address(es)
Got: 45.60.199.218, 45.60.197.218
Info::
No IPv6 (AAAA) records
Info::
5 nameserver(s) configured
Got: ns7.gdnsec.net, ddi-cms1.its.cityu.edu.hk, ns4.gdnsec.com, cpccux0.cityu.edu.hk, vax.cityu.edu.hk
Info::
3 mail exchanger(s) configured
Info::
CAA records not checked
CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.
Info::
SPF record present in TXT
Warning::
DNS resolution is slow (2004 ms)
Slow DNS adds latency to every page load. Consider a faster DNS provider.
Got: 2004 ms
A45.60.199.218, 45.60.197.218
AAAA—
CNAME—
NSns7.gdnsec.net, ddi-cms1.its.cityu.edu.hk, ns4.gdnsec.com, cpccux0.cityu.edu.hk, vax.cityu.edu.hk
MX
10 mxa-005f2502.gslb.pphosted.com
10 mxb-005f2502.gslb.pphosted.com
20 smtp.cityu.edu.hk
TXT
google-site-verification=-0SIQgoyTJ3qCX21Ocb2ejQAq4mgHRPAxaPObnkFH9M
SPF v=spf1 ip4:144.214.13.56/29 ip4:144.214.13.69 ip4:144.214.13.70 ip4:144.214.234....
Foxit-domain-verification=bf2fc1dbbebdfb81f06b37ba15833d1c
globalsign-domain-verification=AECE2D9AABBD606B1DED350969325511
globalsign-domain-verification=F1A91A11644539C6386169F453049243
adobe-idp-site-verification=0b76b3def9dacf1cea663f457e4596bb0b2c5109bb619c95679b...
google-site-verification=Ms0I2YEeqDKt9ZZ-rnGDERY7C4xsAe5JdufLM5ThcyY
google-site-verification=4nCyqRixtzkWCVIfzZYY-dHl7zcZcQ9jX_xOOw_9e0I
facebook-domain-verification=34ysu4hv1z7c7h8n3byqtqjmlmt5xf
amazonses:0TS3rG/hobLmR+RP2AGHDUgg9dZ6fg4QhpSsEfI+EJM=
apple-domain-verification=b6AhZ831f051pKNs
d365mktkey=1to60zloe8xzhjy7vq2nska7u
MS=ms78848552
MS=ms15060766
CAALookup not available with standard resolver
Resolved in 2004 ms

CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.

Why this matters

Informational: CAA (Certification Authority Authorization) records weren't checked in this scan.

Slow DNS adds latency to every page load. Consider a faster DNS provider.

Why this matters

DNS resolution is slow — anycast DNS providers (Cloudflare, Route 53) typically resolve <50ms globally.

Source: DNS performance benchmarks

A+
Redirect Chain
No redirects — direct access
PASS
No redirects — direct access
Info::
No redirects — direct access
Got: https://cityu.edu.hk

https://cityu.edu.hk

670 ms · HTTP/1.1 FINAL

#URLStatusTimeProtocolServer
1https://cityu.edu.hk200670 msHTTP/1.1
A+
Domain Intelligence
cityu.edu.hk — via Hong Kong Domain Name Registration Company Limited, hosted on INCAPSULA - Incapsula Inc, US
PASS
cityu.edu.hk — via Hong Kong Domain Name Registration Company Limited, hosted on INCAPSULA - Incapsula Inc, US
Info::
Registrar: Hong Kong Domain Name Registration Company Limited
Warning::
Registrar lock is NOT enabled
The domain can be transferred without an unlock step. Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) in your registrar's control panel to protect against unauthorized or accidental transfers.
Info::
Hosting: INCAPSULA - Incapsula Inc, US
Got: AS19551
Domain expiry

Unknown

SSL certificate

84 days

Issued by GlobalSign nv-sa

Domain age

Unknown

DNSSEC

Status unknown

Protects against DNS spoofing

Hosting

INCAPSULA - Incapsula Inc, US

ASN AS19551

45.60.197.218

Registrar

Hong Kong Domain Name Registration Company Limited

Unlocked 4 NS records
Expiry timeline
Today
+1 year
SSL expiry Danger zone (≤30 days)
Recommended actions
  • Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) to block unauthorized domain transfers
Registrar Hong Kong Domain Name Registration Company Limited
Name Servers vax.cityu.edu.hk, cpccux0.cityu.edu.hk, ns4.gdnsec.com, ns7.gdnsec.net
Registrant COMPUTING SERVICES CENTRE, CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
Hosting
IP Address 45.60.197.218
ASN AS19551 (INCAPSULA - Incapsula Inc, US)
Provider INCAPSULA - Incapsula Inc, US
Data source: whois (2.3s)

The domain can be transferred without an unlock step. Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) in your registrar's control panel to protect against unauthorized or accidental transfers.

Why this matters

Without registrar lock, an attacker who phishes your registrar credentials can transfer the domain in minutes — total brand hijack.

Learn more ▾

Registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited, clientUpdateProhibited, clientDeleteProhibited) requires extra verification before any transfer/update/delete. Every major registrar offers it free. Combined with 2FA on your registrar account, it's the strongest defense against domain hijacking.

Source: ICANN / domain-security best practice

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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