Lighthouse Mobile

· 0 checks — Mobile Lighthouse audit -- Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, and SEO category breakdown.

SCORE

GRADE

FIX

REVIEW

PASS

INFO

Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Request	Cache TTL	Transfer Size
/bkshp-prod-content-images/homepage_banner_slides/aa6559a...	3600.0 s	236.5 KiB
/bkshp-prod-content-images/homepage_banner_slides/677194a...	3600.0 s	214.2 KiB
/bkshp-prod-content-images/homepage_banner_slides/53afc81...	3600.0 s	204.9 KiB
static.fbot.me/friendbuy.js	300.0 s	99.8 KiB
campaign.fbot.me/c31f4b14-7253-4e80-8cd7-e70722283481/campaigns.js	30.0 s	51.2 KiB
media.fbot.me/703fca0f-e3fd-4932-ae5c-0257ed986094/media/Nunito.woff2	0.0 ms	20.0 KiB
media.fbot.me/703fca0f-e3fd-4932-ae5c-0257ed986094/media/Open-Sans.woff2	0.0 ms	14.5 KiB
widget.trustpilot.com/trustboxes/53aa8807dec7e10d38f59f32/main.js	86400.0 s	24.8 KiB
/beacon.min.js/v8c78df7c7c0f484497ecbca7046644da177152312...	86400.0 s	10.7 KiB
widget.trustpilot.com/bootstrap/v5/tp.widget.bootstrap.min.js	86400.0 s	8.1 KiB
static.klaviyo.com/onsite/js/klaviyo.js?company_id=RBxUNF	1.0 s	2.7 KiB
/pixel/?ad_log=referer&action=lead&pixid=1bea2f17-8cca-48...	0.0 ms	131 B
widget.trustpilot.com/trustboxes/53aa8807dec7e10d38f59f32/main.js	86400.0 s	0 B

Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Consider setting font-display to swap or optional to ensure text is consistently visible. swap can be further optimized to mitigate layout shifts with font metric overrides.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Est Savings
media.fbot.me/703fca0f-e3fd-4932-ae5c-0257ed986094/media/Nunito.woff2	25 ms
media.fbot.me/703fca0f-e3fd-4932-ae5c-0257ed986094/media/Open-Sans.woff2	20 ms

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL	Resource Size	Est Savings
Homepage Banner Slide 2 `div.min-w-0 > a.block > picture > img.h-auto`	/bkshp-prod-content-images/homepage_banner_slides/aa6559a...	236.1 KiB	205.6 KiB
Homepage Banner Slide 1 `div.min-w-0 > a.block > picture > img.h-auto`	/bkshp-prod-content-images/homepage_banner_slides/677194a...	213.7 KiB	183.1 KiB
Homepage Banner Slide 3 `div.min-w-0 > a.block > picture > img.h-auto`	/bkshp-prod-content-images/homepage_banner_slides/53afc81...	204.6 KiB	174.0 KiB
Thirty-Two Words for Field bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781645023760.jpg?v=40c5bc4baea625b61045a62e4d6eb...	72.7 KiB	62.8 KiB
Break Room `div.w-2/5 > div.flex > div.text-center > img.mb-2`	/ingram/9781639739073.jpg?v=6ed3229df8e118060ad3f7d0d91c4723	59.4 KiB	56.7 KiB
The Fifth Season bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9780316229296.jpg?v=64206704e30e1f68382a16806300b...	64.0 KiB	53.8 KiB
The Overstory bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9780393356687.jpg?v=ecdb23567e120999dad2f6632e965...	60.5 KiB	50.2 KiB
Man's Search for Meaning bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	images-us.bookshop.org/ingram/9780807014271.jpg?v=enc-v1&height=500	58.5 KiB	48.6 KiB
Concrete Botany bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9780760391884.jpg?v=8eae4fefe75f1ddb5ff69afecff91...	56.8 KiB	44.2 KiB
Helm bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9780063439948.jpg?v=68844af70a99cd3cb353d930a079f...	52.4 KiB	42.3 KiB
Guinness World Records 2026 bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781913484750.jpg?v=3881fa865d60cda1085fdee7db838...	46.2 KiB	34.6 KiB
I'm Just a Little Guy bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781683694946.jpg?v=6238ef6f28ae5f9d1e349c59b8f8a...	44.1 KiB	31.2 KiB
Annihilation bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781250824042.jpg?v=0723de7ffecdc86779a360584da14...	40.7 KiB	30.4 KiB
The Wretched of the Earth bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9780802158635.jpg?v=d331a6efc64e2c257ce9e38ec01bc...	37.4 KiB	27.5 KiB
How High We Go in the Dark bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9780063072657.jpg?v=cb6b65e2aa31036ebebc2a30182d0...	36.0 KiB	25.8 KiB
Metropolitans bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781662603006.jpg?v=ef76f2eed9b6d6a937aa6cf3f25ee...	36.1 KiB	25.8 KiB
The Seed Keeper bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781571311375.jpg?v=c62634654331472e362ee41f1f2b4...	34.8 KiB	24.8 KiB
Orbital bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9780802163622.jpg?v=b1e38abc6d9229a5924ba4e0e3bd0...	34.7 KiB	24.0 KiB
Endling bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9780385545310.jpg?v=13ee7330dd1479492913f4f3b1b27...	33.6 KiB	23.4 KiB
Field Notes from an Extinction bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781644215340.jpg?v=4e68e0d5c24e3fcdb73e48799f447...	33.7 KiB	23.4 KiB
Fever Dream bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9780399184604.jpg?v=ca41ee376e9a92234cb6d0e25b6f7...	33.8 KiB	22.8 KiB
Mutual Aid bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781836742555.jpg?v=893084c7b87a418f69159084428d5...	32.4 KiB	22.8 KiB
bookcover for Last Night in Brooklyn `section.my-[24px] > a.flex > div.relative > img.rounded-[3px]`	/ingram/9781250372031.jpg?v=df1edc5c4f07c64aaadd208d43d0a...	34.0 KiB	21.9 KiB
A Philosophy of Walking bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781804290446.jpg?v=2989dea091844e0483f1e513a6843...	31.8 KiB	21.7 KiB
Forest Euphoria bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781954118904.jpg?v=623cfbfe2b5b260a2e7062d349e1b...	32.0 KiB	21.7 KiB
Wild Dark Shore bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781250827951.jpg?v=eaf4d0e5322b82e0cfb66ed4b5cd6...	31.8 KiB	21.7 KiB
The Ministry of Time bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781668045152.jpg?v=3ac523cb1a0cebd309adf2959f7f5...	31.7 KiB	21.6 KiB
Democracy Awakening bookcover `section.my-[24px] > a.flex > div.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9780593652978.jpg?v=f4b235a1c49591f99fb70e442cf2f...	33.5 KiB	21.5 KiB
The Gales of November bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781324094647.jpg?v=68d064d551e3ad8b0465d24a1583f...	30.5 KiB	20.5 KiB
bookcover for The Language of Liars `section.my-[24px] > a.flex > div.relative > img.rounded-[3px]`	/ingram/9781250405333.jpg?v=3ab62d26b359c743f3cb7980e13cb...	31.6 KiB	20.1 KiB
Once There Were Wolves bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781250244154.jpg?v=9d62253573549c5396e32844b583f...	28.7 KiB	18.7 KiB
Parable of the Sower bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781538732182.jpg?v=3e5387557d5bedf789876fbb46f42...	27.4 KiB	17.3 KiB
bookcover for This Vast Enterprise `section.my-[24px] > a.flex > div.relative > img.rounded-[3px]`	/ingram/9781982174248.jpg?v=e81b7dd1889ca32cd6c13f38bfea0...	29.2 KiB	17.1 KiB
The Secret Life of a Cemetery bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781778403903.jpg?v=766a28bd1db43d54793253eb0e1f4...	25.8 KiB	16.0 KiB
A Guardian and a Thief: Oprah's Book Club bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9780593804872.jpg?v=4ebd467f1677809f0c9b34b343ae1...	24.0 KiB	14.9 KiB
bookcover for I'll Believe in Anything `section.my-[24px] > a.flex > div.relative > img.rounded-[3px]`	/ingram/9780316613941.jpg?v=86a2248350606e2500b2262a430d1...	27.0 KiB	14.8 KiB
Vigil bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9780525509622.jpg?v=7c0f3c4f862ceb10cda8127d76b26...	23.8 KiB	14.8 KiB
The Glorians bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9780802165848.jpg?v=f5edaac18239abcfe8c3082d7907f...	21.4 KiB	13.3 KiB
Go Gentle: Oprah's Book Club `div.w-2/5 > div.flex > div.text-center > img.mb-2`	/ingram/9798217176632.jpg?v=335365088c4b4508186fd7c7c9880660	19.4 KiB	13.2 KiB
On Democracy bookcover `div.flex > div.flex > a.relative > img.shadow-[0px`	/ingram/9781598538465.jpg?v=a4f307563128d0f74879bd3054dce...	20.0 KiB	12.4 KiB
bookcover for Yesteryear: A GMA Book Club Pick `section.my-[24px] > a.flex > div.relative > img.rounded-[3px]`	/ingram/9780593804216.jpg?v=dfc2aea20951d9bf99b213c90ac32...	22.3 KiB	12.3 KiB

Each subpart has specific improvement strategies. Ideally, most of the LCP time should be spent on loading the resources, not within delays.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

headings: [map[key:label label:Subpart valueType:text] map[key:duration label:Duration valueType:ms]]

items: [map[duration:372.558 label:Time to first byte subpart:timeToFirstByte] map[duration:21.408 label:Resource load delay subpart:resourceLoadDelay] map[duration:698.496 label:Resource load duration subpart:resourceLoadDuration] map[duration:1447.624 label:Element render delay subpart:elementRenderDelay]]

lhId: page-1-IMG

nodeLabel: Homepage Banner Slide 1

path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,41,DIV,2,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,A,0,PICTURE,2,IMG

selector: div.min-w-0 > a.block > picture > img.h-auto

snippet: <img alt="Homepage Banner Slide 1" fetchpriority="high" loading="eager" width="2048" height="600" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="h-auto w-full" srcset="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fbkshp-prod-content…" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/bkshp-prod-content-images/homepage_banner_s…" style="color: transparent;">

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.

title: Preconnected origins

value: no origins were preconnected

description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.

title: Preconnect candidates

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size	Duration
bookshop.org/_next/static/css/431944509084d071.css	2.4 KiB
bookshop.org/_next/static/css/ac5fa13efc857262.css	1.4 KiB
bookshop.org/_next/static/css/9565bed5101f4c37.css	16.6 KiB	151 ms

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 832 ms

URL	Time Spent
bookshop.org/	832 ms
bookshop.org/	0.0 ms

The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Diagnostics

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 0.0 ms 13.2 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
bookshop.org/_next/static/css/9565bed5101f4c37.css	16.3 KiB	13.2 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 3.1 s 618.2 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/pagead/managed/js/gpt/m202604170101/pubads_impl.js?cb=31...	187.4 KiB	143.6 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-52VMX98	157.7 KiB	102.9 KiB
/gtag/js?id=AW-669349773&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1&fps=fc&gdev=dNzQzZD	153.0 KiB	74.2 KiB
/gtag/js?id=G-PBC1NBK83Q&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1&fps=fc&gdev=dNzQzZD	172.7 KiB	72.2 KiB
bookshop.org/gtgbkshp/	166.3 KiB	67.4 KiB
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/9070-5dd99bc2aa85a519.js	80.0 KiB	57.5 KiB
static.fbot.me/friendbuy.js	99.4 KiB	45.9 KiB
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/8193-f645ef97c581c990.js	61.5 KiB	33.4 KiB
cmp.osano.com/mbso9YM8zJ/5bf7eaf8-0636-48dc-b8de-072565a02b02/osano.js	69.6 KiB	21.1 KiB

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling, and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to reduce Javascript execution time.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Total CPU Time	Script Evaluation	Script Parse
Unattributable	1.4 s	23 ms	0.0 ms
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/2117-a7c96d3f711e8b10.js	793 ms	718 ms	17 ms
cmp.osano.com/mbso9YM8zJ/5bf7eaf8-0636-48dc-b8de-072565a02b02/osano.js	694 ms	595 ms	27 ms
bookshop.org/	489 ms	54 ms	52 ms
bookshop.org/gtgbkshp/	228 ms	190 ms	38 ms
/pagead/managed/js/gpt/m202604170101/pubads_impl.js?cb=31...	211 ms	144 ms	57 ms
/gtag/js?id=G-PBC1NBK83Q&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1&fps=fc&gdev=dNzQzZD	206 ms	169 ms	36 ms
static.fbot.me/friendbuy.js	196 ms	155 ms	29 ms
/gtag/js?id=AW-669349773&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1&fps=fc&gdev=dNzQzZD	183 ms	151 ms	32 ms
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js	165 ms	136 ms	11 ms
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/app/layout-3d93fb8388330857.js	108 ms	101 ms	0.4 ms
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/4410-fd41a622fe26fa1c.js	67 ms	65 ms	1.8 ms
securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js	67 ms	60 ms	7.2 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-52VMX98	54 ms	19 ms	34 ms

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to minimize main-thread work

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Category	Time Spent
Script Evaluation	2.7 s
Other	1.4 s
Script Parsing & Compilation	462 ms
Style & Layout	263 ms
Parse HTML & CSS	101 ms
Rendering	94 ms
Garbage Collection	86 ms

Many navigations are performed by going back to a previous page, or forwards again. The back/forward cache (bfcache) can speed up these return navigations. Learn more about the bfcache

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failure reason	Failure type
Pages with cache-control:no-store header cannot enter back/forward cache.	Actionable
Pages whose main resource has cache-control:no-store cannot enter back/forward cache.	Not actionable
Back/forward cache is disabled because some JavaScript network request received resource with Cache-Control: no-store header.	Not actionable

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size
/bkshp-prod-content-images/homepage_banner_slides/aa6559a...	236.5 KiB
/bkshp-prod-content-images/homepage_banner_slides/677194a...	214.2 KiB
/bkshp-prod-content-images/homepage_banner_slides/53afc81...	204.9 KiB
/pagead/managed/js/gpt/m202604170101/pubads_impl.js?cb=31...	187.4 KiB
/gtag/js?id=G-PBC1NBK83Q&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1&fps=fc&gdev=dNzQzZD	172.7 KiB
/gtm.js?fps=fc&mpath=%2Fgtgbkshp%2F&gtm_region_override=E...	166.4 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-52VMX98	158.1 KiB
/gtag/js?id=AW-669349773&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1&fps=fc&gdev=dNzQzZD	153.1 KiB
static.fbot.me/friendbuy.js	99.8 KiB
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/9070-5dd99bc2aa85a519.js	80.3 KiB

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Layout shift culprits

●Optimize DOM size

●Forced reflow

●LCP request discovery

●Modern HTTP

●Optimize viewport for mobile

●Minify CSS

●Minify JavaScript

●User Timing marks and measures 8 user timings

●Avoid long main-thread tasks 19 long tasks found

●Avoid non-composited animations 2 animated elements found

●Image elements have explicit `width` and `height`

●Network Requests

●Network Round Trip Times 100 ms

●Server Backend Latencies 500 ms

●Tasks

●Diagnostics

●Metrics

●Screenshot Thumbnails

●Final Screenshot

●Script Treemap Data

●Resources Summary

●Initial server response time was short Root document took 300 ms

●Avoid large layout shifts 1 layout shift found

○INP breakdown

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Names and labels

Informative elements should aim for short, descriptive alternate text. Decorative elements can be ignored with an empty alt attribute. Learn more about the `alt` attribute.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
body > img `body > img`

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Best practices

Touch targets with sufficient size and spacing help users who may have difficulty targeting small controls to activate the targets. Learn more about touch targets.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Go to slide 1 `div.w-full > div.flex > div.flex > button.h-[10px]`
Go to slide 2 `div.w-full > div.flex > div.flex > button.h-[10px]`
Go to slide 3 `div.w-full > div.flex > div.flex > button.h-[10px]`

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

Visible text labels that do not match the accessible name can result in a confusing experience for screen reader users. Learn more about accessible names.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Bookshop.org `div.col-span-1 > section.my-[24px] > div.order-[-1] > a`
Bookshop.org `div.col-span-1 > section.my-[24px] > div.order-[-1] > a`
LEARN MORE `div.flex > div.mt-auto > a.block > button.tag-label`
LEARN MORE `div.flex > div.mt-auto > a.block > button.tag-label`
Bookshop.org `div.col-span-1 > div.flex > div.flex > a`
View All (50) `div.col-span-1 > div.flex > div.flex > a`
Independent Publishers Caucus `div.col-span-1 > div.flex > div.flex > a`
View All (40) `div.col-span-1 > div.flex > div.flex > a`
US/EN `div.flex > section.w-full > div.flex > a.flex`

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

●Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Form elements have associated labels

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

●Links have a discernible name

●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

●Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order

●Document has a main landmark.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

●Identical links have the same purpose.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

Best Practices

User Experience

Image display dimensions should match natural aspect ratio. Learn more about image aspect ratio.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL	Aspect Ratio (Displayed)	Aspect Ratio (Actual)
undefined `div.flex > div.flex > a > img.border-gray`	/spree/affiliate_profiles/profile_images/13429/original/I...	40 x 40 (1.00)	180 x 150 (1.20)

General

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Source	Description
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js	Error: Minified React error #418; visit https://react.dev/errors/418 for the full message or use the non-minified dev environment for full errors and additional helpful warnings. at t5 (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:24673) at iZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:120538) at ia (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:95165) at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91091 at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91098 at oZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91203) at MessagePort.M (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/2117-a7c96d3f711e8b10.js:1:85058)
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js	Error: Minified React error #418; visit https://react.dev/errors/418 for the full message or use the non-minified dev environment for full errors and additional helpful warnings. at t5 (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:24673) at iZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:120614) at ia (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:95165) at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91091 at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91098 at oZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91203) at MessagePort.M (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/2117-a7c96d3f711e8b10.js:1:85058)
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js	Error: Minified React error #418; visit https://react.dev/errors/418 for the full message or use the non-minified dev environment for full errors and additional helpful warnings. at t5 (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:24673) at iZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:120614) at ia (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:95165) at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91091 at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91098 at oZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91203) at MessagePort.M (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/2117-a7c96d3f711e8b10.js:1:85058)
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js	Error: Minified React error #418; visit https://react.dev/errors/418 for the full message or use the non-minified dev environment for full errors and additional helpful warnings. at t5 (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:24673) at iZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:120614) at ia (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:95165) at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91091 at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91098 at oZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91203) at MessagePort.M (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/2117-a7c96d3f711e8b10.js:1:85058)
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/2117-a7c96d3f711e8b10.js	Error: Minified React error #418; visit https://react.dev/errors/418 for the full message or use the non-minified dev environment for full errors and additional helpful warnings. at t5 (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:24673) at iZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:120614) at ia (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:95165) at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91091 at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91098 at oZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91203) at MessagePort.M (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/2117-a7c96d3f711e8b10.js:1:85058)
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/2117-a7c96d3f711e8b10.js	Error: Minified React error #418; visit https://react.dev/errors/418 for the full message or use the non-minified dev environment for full errors and additional helpful warnings. at t5 (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:24673) at iZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:120614) at ia (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:95165) at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91091 at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91098 at oZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91203) at MessagePort.M (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/2117-a7c96d3f711e8b10.js:1:85058)
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js	Error: Minified React error #418; visit https://react.dev/errors/418 for the full message or use the non-minified dev environment for full errors and additional helpful warnings. at t5 (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:24673) at iZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:120614) at ia (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:95165) at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91091 at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91098 at oZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91203) at MessagePort.M (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/2117-a7c96d3f711e8b10.js:1:85058)
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/2117-a7c96d3f711e8b10.js	Error: Minified React error #418; visit https://react.dev/errors/418 for the full message or use the non-minified dev environment for full errors and additional helpful warnings. at t5 (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:24673) at iZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:120614) at ia (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:95165) at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91091 at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91098 at oZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91203) at MessagePort.M (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/2117-a7c96d3f711e8b10.js:1:85058)
bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js	Error: Minified React error #423; visit https://react.dev/errors/423 for the full message or use the non-minified dev environment for full errors and additional helpful warnings. at iZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:118352) at ia (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:95165) at https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:94987 at il (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:94994) at oJ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:92350) at oZ (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-298733a1a5e2fe4a.js:1:91769) at MessagePort.M (https://bookshop.org/_next/static/chunks/2117-a7c96d3f711e8b10.js:1:85058)
bookshop.org/ line 19, col 509079	`TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading 'document') at HTMLDocument.c (https://bookshop.org/:20:509080)`

Source maps translate minified code to the original source code. This helps developers debug in production. In addition, Lighthouse is able to provide further insights. Consider deploying source maps to take advantage of these benefits. Learn more about source maps.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Map URL
bookshop.org/gtgbkshp/
cmp.osano.com/mbso9YM8zJ/5bf7eaf8-0636-48dc-b8de-072565a02b02/osano.js	cmp.osano.com/mbso9YM8zJ/5bf7eaf8-0636-48dc-b8de-072565a02b02/osano.js.map
widget.trustpilot.com/bootstrap/v5/tp.widget.bootstrap.min.js	widget.trustpilot.com/bootstrap/v5/tp.widget.bootstrap.min.js.map

●Uses HTTPS

●Avoids deprecated APIs

●Avoids third-party cookies

●Allows users to paste into input fields

●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load

●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load

●Serves images with appropriate resolution

●Page has the HTML doctype

●Properly defines charset

●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools

●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks

●Use a strong HSTS policy

●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP

●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types

●Detected JavaScript libraries

○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS

○Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP

SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

Content Best Practices

Descriptive link text helps search engines understand your content. Learn how to make links more accessible.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Link destination	Link Text
/p/books/go-gentle-maria-semple/060fc783f436d204?ean=9798...	LEARN MORE
/p/books/break-room-miye-lee/23214359?ean=9781639739073&u...	LEARN MORE

Informative elements should aim for short, descriptive alternate text. Decorative elements can be ignored with an empty alt attribute. Learn more about the `alt` attribute.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
body > img `body > img`

Format your HTML in a way that enables crawlers to better understand your app’s content.

○Structured data is valid

●Page isn’t blocked from indexing

●Document has a `<title>` element

●Document has a meta description

●Page has successful HTTP status code

●Links are crawlable

●robots.txt is valid

●Document has a valid `hreflang`

●Document has a valid `rel=canonical`