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https://jneurosci.org

Performance

· 15 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
73
GRADE
C
FIX
2
REVIEW
4
PASS
7
INFO
2

Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates

Mobile Desktop
74
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
83
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
100
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
82
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

649 ms

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

4.59 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

86 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.063

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

1.59 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

5.21 s

Page Load Progression

375 ms
750 ms
1.1 s
1.5 s
1.9 s
2.2 s
2.6 s
3.0 s
Checks
15
7 PASS 4 REVIEW 2 FIX
F
Page Weight Budget
Action
5.8 MB transferred, 73 requests
FIX
5.8 MB transferred, 73 requests
Critical::
Page weighs 7.8 MB (5.8 MB transferred)
Warning::
Images are 5.0 MB — compress or use modern formats
Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.
Got: 5.0 MB
Warning::
JavaScript is 570 KB — consider code splitting or lazy loading
Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
Got: 570 KB
Info::
73 HTTP requests
Info::
Estimated 1.2 g CO2 per page load
5.8 MB / 2.4 MB budget
5.8 MB transferred
73 requests
1.2 g CO2 per page load
Images 5.0 MiB 86%
JavaScript 570.1 KiB 10%
CSS 161.8 KiB 3%
Fonts 51.2 KiB 1%
HTML 25.5 KiB 0%
Other 5.3 KiB 0%
Other 1.4 KiB 0%
Other 551 B 0%
0 2.4 MB 4.9 MB
Over budget

Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.

Why this matters

Image bandwidth is high — modern formats (WebP/AVIF) and resizing typically cut it 50%+.

Source: web.dev

Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.

Why this matters

JavaScript bundle is large — code-split routes and lazy-load off-screen components to defer.

Source: web.dev

D
JS Bundles
Action
22 scripts, 191 KB unused
FIX
22 scripts, 191 KB unused
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-FL7D...: 67 KB unused (43%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-T84...: 64 KB unused (55%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://cdn.foxycart.com/sn.ecommerce.highwire.org...: 33 KB unused (37%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/adva...: 26 KB unused (38%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/adva...: unminified — 13 KB could be saved
Warning::
https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/adva...: unminified — 3 KB could be saved
Info::
Total unused JavaScript: 191 KB
191 KB unused JavaScript

Downloaded but never executed on this page.

ScriptSizeUnusedMinifiedParty
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-FL7DMQSCNT&cx=c&gtm=4e64k0156 KB67 KB (43%)✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-T845VD6117 KB64 KB (55%)✓3rd
https://cdn.foxycart.com/sn.ecommerce.highwire.org/foxycart.jsonp.sidecart.min.1776800679.js93 KB33 KB (37%)✓3rd
https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__l1Zqf64UYF4ATbLwTkia2CKjs6C6b2YuWlA_86TOZ6o__P7ikZQCl3Wc1SK729IaTbMfaE9iDcyOLlTFArVvei0E__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.js68 KB26 KB (38%)✗1st
https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__Jd5dsvNznZMdglFu8sSni1wCsUfzvQbApHPAZwt5TY4__65Mqa1DMRwcSvPxjJEn6BXgMm-ckF3oOvkUTG9HRADI__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.js5 KB—✗1st
https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/viewthroughconversion/952157035/?random=1776895642134&cv=9&fst=1776895642134&num=1&guid=ON&resp=GooglemKTybQhCsO&eid=375603261%2C466465926%2C512247839%2C658953496&u_h=600&u_w=800&ig=1&frm=0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jneurosci.org%2F&tiba=Journal%20of%20Neuroscience&hn=www.googleadservices.com&rfmt=3&fmt=40 KB—✓3rd
https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__GM3GJPR36rRIz0TRkjC5OQwrioSyN9aoYRivDhCO_AM__qAl84FcCv2jyN22yFGS5Oc85cjd9zKX6p_cFNLGhe-M__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.js3 KB—✓1st
https://assets.adobedtm.com/175f7caa2b90/f691299e04ac/launch-46c1ed716cb0.min.js19 KB—✓3rd
https://cdn.foxycart.com/sn.ecommerce.highwire.org/loader.js1 KB—✓3rd
https://cdn.pbgrd.com/core-sfn.js4 KB—✓3rd

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

C
Image Optimization
Action
23 images, 0 KB saveable
REVIEW
23 images, 0 KB saveable
Warning::
https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/jneu... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/styl... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://servedbyadbutler.com/getad.img/;libID=5312... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
23 images 5.0 MB
0 oversized -0 KB
23 legacy format
3 missing dimensions CLS risk

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

C
JS Execution Cost
Action
1112ms total JS execution
REVIEW
1112ms total JS execution
Warning::
https://www.jneurosci.org/: 515ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/adva...: 211ms CPU time
Info::
Unattributable: 122ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-FL7D...: 120ms CPU time
Info::
https://cdn.foxycart.com/sn.ecommerce.highwire.org...: 87ms CPU time
Info::
Third-party scripts: 386ms (35% of total)

Main Thread Breakdown

Other 33% Script Evaluation 32% Style & Layout 20% Script Parsing & Compilation 7% Parse HTML & CSS 4%
ScriptTotalScriptingParse/CompileParty
https://www.jneurosci.org/515ms4ms3ms1st
https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__l1Zqf64UYF4ATbLwTkia2CKjs6C6b2YuWlA_86TOZ6o__P7ikZQCl3Wc1SK729IaTbMfaE9iDcyOLlTFArVvei0E__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.js211ms112ms10ms1st
Unattributable122ms2ms0ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-FL7DMQSCNT&cx=c&gtm=4e64k0120ms89ms30ms3rd
https://cdn.foxycart.com/sn.ecommerce.highwire.org/foxycart.jsonp.sidecart.min.1776800679.js87ms73ms14ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-T845VD656ms42ms13ms3rd
C
Page Weight Inventory
Action
73 resources · 5.8 MB · 191 KB savings available
REVIEW
73 resources · 5.8 MB · 191 KB savings available
Warning::
Page weight 4.8 MB over 1MB target
Got: 5.8 MB Expected: ≤ 1 MB
Info::
~191 KB of savings available
Info::
42 third-party resources (21% of weight)
Info::
2 resources over 200KB
73 resources · 5.8 MiB · 42 third-party 4.8 MiB over 1MB target
Image 86% · 5.0 MiB
JavaScript 10% · 570.1 KiB
CSS 3% · 161.8 KiB
Font 1% · 51.2 KiB
Document 0% · 27.2 KiB
Other 0% · 1.1 KiB

~190.7 KiB of savings available

Remove unused JavaScript: 190.7 KiB
B
HTTP Caching
public, max-age=0, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate, pre-check=0, post-check=0
REVIEW
public, max-age=0, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate, pre-check=0, post-check=0
Info::
Cache-Control header is set
Got: public, max-age=0, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate, pre-check=0, post-check=0
Info::
ETag present — enables conditional (304) responses
Info::
Last-Modified header present
Cache-Control

public, max-age=0, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate, pre-check=0, post-check=0

DirectiveValueMeaning
public—Any cache may store this response
max-age0Cache for 0 seconds
must-revalidate—Must recheck with server after expiry
proxy-revalidate—
pre-check0
post-check0
A
Third-Party Impact
21% third-party, 0 ms blocking
PASS
21% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Info::
Third-party code accounts for 21% of page weight (1.2 MiB of 5.8 MiB)
Info::
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
79%
21%
First-party Third-party
A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
Font Loading
3 fonts (51 KB)
PASS
3 fonts (51 KB)
Info::
3 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

Web fonts

3

51 KB total

Render-blocking

0

of 3

Dominant font-display

swap

Most common across fonts

Font loading timeline
Transfer FOIT (block) FOUT (swap)
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s FCP 649 ms LCP 4.6 shttps://www.jneurosci.org/sites/all/themes/highwire/jcore_1/font/fontawesome-webfont.woff?v=3.2.1fontawesome-webfont.woff https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/all/themes/highwire/jcore_1/font/fontawesome-webfont.woff?v=3.2.1 — 42.8 KiB — 51 ms — font-display: swaphttps://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/modules/jnl_eneuro_styles/fonts/icomoon.ttf?bhlms2icomoon.ttf https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/modules/jnl_eneuro_styles/fonts/icomoon.ttf?bhlms2 — 1.8 KiB — 32 ms — font-display: swaphttps://www.jneurosci.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/highwire_theme_tools/fonts/hwicons.ttf?bx11alhwicons.ttf https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/highwire_theme_tools/fonts/hwicons.ttf?bx11al — 6.6 KiB — 34 ms — font-display: swap
fontawesome-webfont.woff unknown swap
Size 43 KB
Load time 51 ms
Start 577 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
icomoon.ttf ttf swap
Size 2 KB
Load time 32 ms
Start 662 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
  • Convert to woff2 for ~30% smaller file size
hwicons.ttf ttf swap
Size 7 KB
Load time 34 ms
Start 663 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
  • Convert to woff2 for ~30% smaller file size
Optimization checklist
  • Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
  • Use woff2 format for all fonts
  • Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
  • Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)

Fixing the unchecked items could save ~15 KB and ~30 ms

A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
No optimization needed
PASS
No optimization needed
Info::
No resource hint issues
A+
Green Hosting
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
PASS

Green Hosting

This site is hosted on green energy infrastructure

Provider: Cloudflare

Network Waterfall
73 requests over 2396ms
INFO
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s FCP 649 ms LCP 4.6 shttps://www.jneurosci.org// https://www.jneurosci.org/ — 200 — 19.1 KiB — 280 ms — h2https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__BJ6Ou6QsBRtnFTmxaakamOIS8n4QswDP2XnnZ1sxtaM__NBuvkP6eInGIkb1aJvUHx5PX79XApuxBDkk_77W5tYk__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css... https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__BJ6Ou6QsBRtnFTmxaakamOIS8n4QswDP2XnnZ1sxtaM__NBuvkP6eInGIkb1aJvUHx5PX79XApuxBDkk_77W5tYk__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css — 200 — 2.3 KiB — 42 ms — h2https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__h8vL9XqZbR5p6fBA2D0scfV1qft6lIgY_4kzR5vHhPY__TUo9Mv_NYjK3hnPhdYYCgMhxSYMgi7y-CuoR5Hkzl4o__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css... https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__h8vL9XqZbR5p6fBA2D0scfV1qft6lIgY_4kzR5vHhPY__TUo9Mv_NYjK3hnPhdYYCgMhxSYMgi7y-CuoR5Hkzl4o__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css — 200 — 183 B — 56 ms — h2https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__MyyoQ8EhFK96FZB2z8ygRU8lhqckLK08DNTYN3u6Dhs__MdiKrh9-slcZuJDDkKNsCRvZlIZcrUuzrG4gZLOsoPk__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css... https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__MyyoQ8EhFK96FZB2z8ygRU8lhqckLK08DNTYN3u6Dhs__MdiKrh9-slcZuJDDkKNsCRvZlIZcrUuzrG4gZLOsoPk__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css — 200 — 9.5 KiB — 76 ms — h2https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__npCWuMMhP4xBg4iyVjpnScKc0Zzf6fDT4X8sGS8ZDQA__QmKaoQaq8xBZbk9uwhMU262D5RagOkfQVPEQVi2ROvU__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css... https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__npCWuMMhP4xBg4iyVjpnScKc0Zzf6fDT4X8sGS8ZDQA__QmKaoQaq8xBZbk9uwhMU262D5RagOkfQVPEQVi2ROvU__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css — 200 — 695 B — 76 ms — h2https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/2.2.1/jquery.qtip.min.csscdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/2.2.1/jquery... https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/2.2.1/jquery.qtip.min.css — 200 — 2.9 KiB — 28 ms — h2https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__7CYEtfDxMu3CEBZ53TQrEfMpO7duR_XdIuTLye9W7Cc__ch0nTQ-B6KQiyE_IFPpOAVQrK9gfcTwAO6_C24XWZVk__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css... https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__7CYEtfDxMu3CEBZ53TQrEfMpO7duR_XdIuTLye9W7Cc__ch0nTQ-B6KQiyE_IFPpOAVQrK9gfcTwAO6_C24XWZVk__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css — 200 — 2.0 KiB — 73 ms — h2https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fortawesome/fontawesome-free@6.7.2/css/all.min.csscdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fortawesome/f... https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fortawesome/fontawesome-free@6.7.2/css/all.min.css — 200 — 22.1 KiB — 31 ms — h2https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__vP96nkAt3EeLU62QRdHXKZuS9tqQ1EMDJC_PSKd7hEk__-QNIdNeGmHVz1SZAaU0zPbKgZqousY6M-qJrXXnrKKA__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css... https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__vP96nkAt3EeLU62QRdHXKZuS9tqQ1EMDJC_PSKd7hEk__-QNIdNeGmHVz1SZAaU0zPbKgZqousY6M-qJrXXnrKKA__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css — 200 — 18.6 KiB — 48 ms — h2https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__8_Q3_qqSooNsJt05ZZqeDoBEbwbPyjlwtDOJ7tJX8Io__vg6O8jrR3qqyXB-PeTxGHSstfTuUxKRftF8_yAnjg6k__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css... https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__8_Q3_qqSooNsJt05ZZqeDoBEbwbPyjlwtDOJ7tJX8Io__vg6O8jrR3qqyXB-PeTxGHSstfTuUxKRftF8_yAnjg6k__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css — 200 — 9.4 KiB — 40 ms — h2https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__2WBMox6sOrN42ss5lCnH7WWVRdFdJCxtTKnQJYRwTE4__yqNvNYLvMpjy3ffuJrjjm9uW2i-Me1c23KLYuWHaqio__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css... https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__2WBMox6sOrN42ss5lCnH7WWVRdFdJCxtTKnQJYRwTE4__yqNvNYLvMpjy3ffuJrjjm9uW2i-Me1c23KLYuWHaqio__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css — 200 — 12.8 KiB — 74 ms — h2https://www.jneurosci.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__FZ7_66HQk7heA8ZzXRBoHBoO-3tqLxUOGxZFCA7b7H0__RmVGXG7y-Yf913-2cSkn2-e3QiOjdBYkz0zbTZ_-QO4__jkPqOciu-GpwuryVSHt0rOTFoTTNbRLwYPk80PSVXP8.css/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css... 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HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
35% of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party 386ms · 367KB · $5/mo
Unattributable
Other
Optional
Execution 122ms
Transfer 0 KB
Monthly Cost $2/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 120ms
Transfer 156 KB
Unused 43%
Monthly Cost $2/mo
cdn.foxycart.com
Other
Optional
Execution 87ms
Transfer 93 KB
Unused 37%
Monthly Cost $1/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 56ms
Transfer 117 KB
Unused 55%
Monthly Cost $1/mo

55% of Google Tag Manager's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.

Why this matters

Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.

Source: web.dev

How third-party costs are calculated

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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