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Lighthouse Desktop

· 0 checks — Desktop Lighthouse audit -- Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, and SEO category breakdown.
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Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

99

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.
title: Preconnected origins
value: no origins were preconnected
description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.
title: Preconnect candidates
value: No additional origins are good candidates for preconnecting

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

RequestCache TTLTransfer Size
cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/202401.2.0/otBannerSdk.js86400.0 s104.5 KiB
cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/logos/static/ot_company_logo.png86400.0 s19.2 KiB
cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js86400.0 s9.1 KiB
cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/logos/static/powered_by_logo.svg86400.0 s2.6 KiB

Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLTransfer Size
royalsociety.org/assets/css/custom.css0 B
royalsociety.org/assets/css/main.css0 B

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Diagnostics

Many navigations are performed by going back to a previous page, or forwards again. The back/forward cache (bfcache) can speed up these return navigations. Learn more about the bfcache

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failure reasonFailure type
Pages with cache-control:no-store header cannot enter back/forward cache.Actionable

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 0.0 ms 45.4 KiB
URLTransfer SizeEst Savings
royalsociety.org/assets/css/main.css27.6 KiB27.6 KiB
#onetrust-banner-sdk{-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%} …20.4 KiB17.8 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 0.0 ms 138.4 KiB
URLTransfer SizeEst Savings
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-NS67FDG168.9 KiB83.8 KiB
cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/202401.2.0/otBannerSdk.js104.3 KiB54.6 KiB

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL
The Royal Society header.header > div.header__inner > a.header__logo > img.header__image
royalsociety.org/assets/images/logo@2x.png
Dr Betina Ip, Professor Tamsin Mather FRS, Mike Barfield, Ben Shires, Helen Coo… div.hero-card > a.hero-card__link > div.hero-card__figure > img.u-image-focal-point
/-/media/science-book-prize/ypbp/2025/winner-2025-ypbp-ce...
Thermal imaging of industrial plant article.card > a.card__link > div.card__figure > img.u-image-focal-point
Paul Nurse article.card > a.card__link > div.card__figure > img.u-image-focal-point
Dam article.card > a.card__link > div.card__figure > img.u-image-focal-point
a factory emitting smoke behind green trees article.card > a.card__link > div.card__figure > img.u-image-focal-point
outline of an abstract white scientific figure on a plum background article.card > a.card__link > div.card__figure > img.u-image-focal-point
Summer Science Exhibition 2026 article.card > a.card__link > div.card__figure > img.u-image-focal-point
sea ice div.horizontal-accordion__collection > div.horizontal-accordion__list > div.horizontal-accordion__item > img.horizontal-accordion__image
Earth div.horizontal-accordion__collection > div.horizontal-accordion__list > div.horizontal-accordion__item > img.horizontal-accordion__image
Red-eyed Tree Frog peeping over plant div.horizontal-accordion__collection > div.horizontal-accordion__list > div.horizontal-accordion__item > img.horizontal-accordion__image
Coral colonies growing in clear shallow waters surrounding a tropical islet in … div.horizontal-accordion__collection > div.horizontal-accordion__list > div.horizontal-accordion__item > img.horizontal-accordion__image
Aerial shot of the Welsh countryside C fotoVoyager div.horizontal-accordion__collection > div.horizontal-accordion__list > div.horizontal-accordion__item > img.horizontal-accordion__image
The Royal Society div.footer__info > div.footer__intro > div.footer__logo > img
royalsociety.org/url(/-/media/navigation/footer/logoalt2x.png);

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Layout shift culprits
●Optimize DOM size
●Font display
●Forced reflow
●Improve image delivery
●LCP breakdown
●Modern HTTP
●Optimize viewport for mobile
●Time to Interactive 0.5 s
●Max Potential First Input Delay 30 ms
●Minify CSS
●Minify JavaScript
●Avoids enormous network payloads Total size was 454 KiB
●JavaScript execution time 0.1 s
●Minimizes main-thread work 0.2 s
●Network Requests
●Network Round Trip Times 30 ms
●Server Backend Latencies 30 ms
●Tasks
●Diagnostics
●Metrics
●Screenshot Thumbnails
●Final Screenshot
●Script Treemap Data
●Resources Summary
●Avoid multiple page redirects
●Initial server response time was short Root document took 90 ms
○INP breakdown
○LCP request discovery
○User Timing marks and measures
○Avoid long main-thread tasks
○Avoid non-composited animations
○Avoid large layout shifts
95

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Navigation

Properly ordered headings that do not skip levels convey the semantic structure of the page, making it easier to navigate and understand when using assistive technologies. Learn more about heading order.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Young People’s Book Prize div.hero-card > a.hero-card__link > div.hero-card__text > h4.hero-card__title
Climate change: evidence and causes div.horizontal-accordion__item > div.horizontal-accordion__content > a.horizontal-accordion__link > h4.horizontal-accordion__title

These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

Best practices

Touch targets with sufficient size and spacing help users who may have difficulty targeting small controls to activate the targets. Learn more about touch targets.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Fellows div.navigation__menu > ul.navigation__list > li.navigation__item > a.navigation__link
Back trigger li.navigation__item > div.dropdown-menu > div.dropdown-menu__inner > button.dropdown-menu__back
Events div.navigation__menu > ul.navigation__list > li.navigation__item > a.navigation__link
Back trigger li.navigation__item > div.dropdown-menu > div.dropdown-menu__inner > button.dropdown-menu__back
Journals div.navigation__menu > ul.navigation__list > li.navigation__item > a.navigation__link
Back trigger li.navigation__item > div.dropdown-menu > div.dropdown-menu__inner > button.dropdown-menu__back
Current topics div.navigation__menu > ul.navigation__list > li.navigation__item > a.navigation__link
Back trigger li.navigation__item > div.dropdown-menu > div.dropdown-menu__inner > button.dropdown-menu__back
Grants div.navigation__menu > ul.navigation__list > li.navigation__item > a.navigation__link
Back trigger li.navigation__item > div.dropdown-menu > div.dropdown-menu__inner > button.dropdown-menu__back
Policies and positions div.dropdown-menu__section > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Medals and prizes div.navigation__menu > ul.navigation__list > li.navigation__item > a.navigation__link
Back trigger li.navigation__item > div.dropdown-menu > div.dropdown-menu__inner > button.dropdown-menu__back
About us div.navigation__menu > ul.navigation__list > li.navigation__item > a.navigation__link
Menu back li.navigation__item > div.dropdown-menu > div.dropdown-menu__inner > button.dropdown-menu__back
Mission div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Charity div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Strategy div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Our staff div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Diversity and inclusion div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Our history div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Collections div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Advising policy makers div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Public engagement div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Schools engagement div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Industry engagement div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
International activities div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Recognising excellence div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Supporting researchers div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
UK Young Academy div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Council div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Our funding div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Our supporters div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Trustees Report div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Our values div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
Vacancies div.dropdown-menu__collection > div.dropdown-menu__list > div.dropdown-menu__item > a.dropdown-menu__link
News and resources div.navigation__menu > ul.navigation__list > li.navigation__item > a.navigation__link
Back trigger li.navigation__item > div.dropdown-menu > div.dropdown-menu__inner > button.dropdown-menu__back
Mobile menu trigger div.header__inner > nav.navigation > div.header__actions > button.menu-button
Search nav.navigation > div.header__actions > div.global-search > button.icon-button
Sign in nav.navigation > div.header__actions > div.header-login > a.header__signin
skip div.hero > div.hero__inner > div.hero-navigation > button.hero__skipper
Fellow login div.footer__sitemap > div.sitemap__list > div.sitemap__item > a.sitemap__link
E-lect div.footer__sitemap > div.sitemap__list > div.sitemap__item > a.sitemap__link
Careers div.footer__sitemap > div.sitemap__list > div.sitemap__item > a.sitemap__link
Flexi grant div.footer__sitemap > div.sitemap__list > div.sitemap__item > a.sitemap__link
Terms and conditions div.footer__sitemap > div.sitemap__list > div.sitemap__item > a.sitemap__link
Privacy policy div.footer__sitemap > div.sitemap__list > div.sitemap__item > a.sitemap__link
Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) div.footer__sitemap > div.sitemap__list > div.sitemap__item > a.sitemap__link
Manage cookies div.footer__sitemap > div.sitemap__list > div.sitemap__item > a.sitemap__link
Cookies div.footer__sitemap > div.sitemap__list > div.sitemap__item > a.sitemap__link
Contact us div.footer__sitemap > div.sitemap__list > div.sitemap__item > a.sitemap__link
How to find us div.footer__sitemap > div.sitemap__list > div.sitemap__item > a.sitemap__link
Venue hire div.footer__sitemap > div.sitemap__list > div.sitemap__item > a.sitemap__link
Visit the library div.footer__sitemap > div.sitemap__list > div.sitemap__item > a.sitemap__link

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

Visible text labels that do not match the accessible name can result in a confusing experience for screen reader users. Learn more about accessible names.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Cookies | Royal Society div#onetrust-group-container > div#onetrust-policy > div#onetrust-policy-text > a.ot-cookie-policy-link
○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable
○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state
○The page has a logical tab order
○Visual order on the page follows DOM order
○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region
○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page
○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation
○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology
○Custom controls have associated labels
○Custom controls have ARIA roles
●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`
●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes
●`[role]` values are valid
●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values
●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled
●Buttons have an accessible name
●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes
●Form elements have associated labels
●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.
●`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names
●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role
●Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents
●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes
●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio
●Document has a `<title>` element
●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute
●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute
●Links are distinguishable without relying on color.
●Links have a discernible name
●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).
●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements
●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0
●Document has a main landmark.
●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used
●All heading elements contain content.
○`[accesskey]` values are unique
○ARIA input fields have accessible names
○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names
○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.
○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element
○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.
○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names
○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names
○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region
○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.
○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements
○ARIA IDs are unique
○No form fields have multiple labels
○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title
○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.
○Input buttons have discernible text.
○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text
○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`
○`<object>` elements have alternate text
○Select elements have associated label elements.
○Skip links are focusable.
○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.
○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.
○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value
○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`
○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.
○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements
○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.
○Identical links have the same purpose.
○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.
○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.
96

Best Practices

General

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

SourceDescription
royalsociety.org/assets/css/main.css
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 ()
royalsociety.org/assets/css/custom.css
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 ()
royalsociety.org/assets/images/logo@2x.png
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 ()
/-/media/science-book-prize/ypbp/2025/winner-2025-ypbp-ce...
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 ()
royalsociety.org/url(/-/media/navigation/footer/logoalt2x.png);
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 ()
royalsociety.org/assets/js/main.js
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 ()
/-/media/current-topics/des8801_website-transformation-pr...
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 ()
royalsociety.org/assets/icons/favicon-32x32.png
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 ()
royalsociety.org/assets/icons/favicon-16x16.png
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 ()
royalsociety.org/assets/icons/android-chrome-192x192.png
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 ()
●Uses HTTPS
●Avoids deprecated APIs
●Avoids third-party cookies
●Allows users to paste into input fields
●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load
●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load
●Displays images with correct aspect ratio
●Serves images with appropriate resolution
●Page has the HTML doctype
●Properly defines charset
●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools
●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks
●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP
●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types
●Page has valid source maps
○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS
○Use a strong HSTS policy
○Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP
○Detected JavaScript libraries
92

SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

Content Best Practices

Descriptive link text helps search engines understand your content. Learn how to make links more accessible.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Link destinationLink Text
cookiepedia.co.uk/giving-consent-to-cookiesMore information

Format your HTML in a way that enables crawlers to better understand your app’s content.

○Structured data is valid
●Page isn’t blocked from indexing
●Document has a `<title>` element
●Document has a meta description
●Page has successful HTTP status code
●Links are crawlable
●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes
●Document has a valid `hreflang`
●Document has a valid `rel=canonical`
○robots.txt is valid

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