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https://theconversation.com

Performance

· 15 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
82
GRADE
B
FIX
1
REVIEW
6
PASS
6
INFO
2

Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates

97
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
100
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
100
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
100
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

542 ms

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

998 ms

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

108 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.000

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

627 ms

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

1.83 s

Page Load Progression

375 ms
750 ms
1.1 s
1.5 s
1.9 s
2.2 s
2.6 s
3.0 s
Checks
15
6 PASS 6 REVIEW 1 FIX
D
Third-Party Impact
Action
90% third-party, 0 ms blocking
FIX
90% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Warning::
Third-party code accounts for 90% of page weight (998.5 KiB of 1.1 MiB)
Info::
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
90%
First-party Third-party
B
Page Weight Budget
1.1 MB transferred, 125 requests
REVIEW
1.1 MB transferred, 125 requests
Info::
Page weighs 3.3 MB (1.1 MB transferred)
Warning::
JavaScript is 529 KB — consider code splitting or lazy loading
Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
Got: 529 KB
Warning::
125 HTTP requests — consider bundling or reducing
Each request adds latency. Bundle small files, use sprites, or eliminate unnecessary requests.
Info::
Estimated 0.23 g CO2 per page load
1.1 MB / 2.4 MB budget
1.1 MB transferred
125 requests
0.23 g CO2 per page load
JavaScript 529.1 KiB 48%
Other 259.5 KiB 23%
Images 148.5 KiB 13%
HTML 93.4 KiB 8%
Fonts 54.5 KiB 5%
CSS 11.8 KiB 1%
Other 11.0 KiB 1%
Other 752 B 0%
Other 560 B 0%
Other 131 B 0%
Other 0 B 0%
0 2.4 MB 4.9 MB
Under budget

Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.

Why this matters

JavaScript bundle is large — code-split routes and lazy-load off-screen components to defer.

Source: web.dev

Each request adds latency. Bundle small files, use sprites, or eliminate unnecessary requests.

Why this matters

High HTTP request count — bundling, sprite-ing, and HTTP/2 server push can reduce per-request overhead.

Source: web.dev

C
JS Execution Cost
Action
1131ms total JS execution
REVIEW
1131ms total JS execution
Warning::
https://theconversation.com/us: 376ms CPU time
Warning::
Unattributable: 309ms CPU time
Info::
https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunk...: 200ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WX8...: 94ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-3GXW...: 91ms CPU time
Warning::
Third-party scripts: 755ms (67% of total)

Main Thread Breakdown

Script Evaluation 38% Other 27% Style & Layout 20% Script Parsing & Compilation 5% Parse HTML & CSS 4% Rendering 4%
ScriptTotalScriptingParse/CompileParty
https://theconversation.com/us376ms28ms0ms1st
Unattributable309ms5ms0ms3rd
https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/framework-0351939e9b0fda1b.js200ms181ms5ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WX8PHK994ms72ms14ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-3GXW6PB79X&cx=c&gtm=4e64h191ms73ms16ms3rd
https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-a23562af1b6490e4.js62ms50ms8ms3rd
C
JS Bundles
Action
21 scripts, 201 KB unused
REVIEW
21 scripts, 201 KB unused
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-3GXW...: 68 KB unused (40%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WX8...: 59 KB unused (44%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunk...: 54 KB unused (67%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunk...: 20 KB unused (53%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Info::
Total unused JavaScript: 201 KB
201 KB unused JavaScript

Downloaded but never executed on this page.

ScriptSizeUnusedMinifiedParty
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-3GXW6PB79X&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1171 KB68 KB (40%)3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WX8PHK9133 KB59 KB (44%)3rd
https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-a23562af1b6490e4.js82 KB54 KB (67%)3rd
https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/main-4f97b6b08b924568.js38 KB20 KB (53%)3rd
https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/webpack-c74192e1128761c0.js3 KB3rd
https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/750.73c5c7846b1dec41.js1 KB3rd
https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/556.199dab58247841b4.js1 KB3rd
https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/707.8b07a2a212c07232.js1 KB3rd
https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/607.10d729569c3123af.js3 KB3rd
https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/222.2000baffbe786662.js1 KB3rd

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

B
Page Weight Inventory
125 resources · 1.1 MB · 201 KB savings available
REVIEW
125 resources · 1.1 MB · 201 KB savings available
Warning::
Page weight 85 KB over 1MB target
Got: 1.1 MB Expected: ≤ 1 MB
Info::
~201 KB of savings available
Warning::
117 third-party resources (90% of weight)
Info::
1 resources over 200KB
125 resources · 1.1 MiB · 117 third-party 85.2 KiB over 1MB target
JavaScript 48% · 529.1 KiB
Image 37% · 407.3 KiB
Document 8% · 94.1 KiB
Font 5% · 54.5 KiB
Other 1% · 12.4 KiB
CSS 1% · 11.8 KiB

~201.3 KiB of savings available

Remove unused JavaScript: 201.3 KiB
C
Green Hosting
Action
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
REVIEW

Green Hosting

No green hosting detected

B
HTTP Caching
max-age=0, private, must-revalidate
REVIEW
max-age=0, private, must-revalidate
Info::
Cache-Control header is set
Got: max-age=0, private, must-revalidate
Info::
No ETag or Last-Modified header
Conditional requests (304 Not Modified) are not possible without validators.
Cache-Control

max-age=0, private, must-revalidate

DirectiveValueMeaning
max-age0Cache for 0 seconds
privateOnly browser cache, not CDN/proxy
must-revalidateMust recheck with server after expiry
A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
Image Optimization
15 images, 0 KB saveable
PASS
15 images, 0 KB saveable
Info::
All images are well-optimized
15 images 148 KB
0 oversized -0 KB
0 legacy format
0 missing dimensions CLS risk
A+
Font Loading
3 fonts (54 KB)
PASS
3 fonts (54 KB)
Info::
3 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

Web fonts

3

54 KB total

Render-blocking

0

of 3

Dominant font-display

swap

Most common across fonts

Font loading timeline
Transfer FOIT (block) FOUT (swap)
0 ms 500 ms 1.0 s FCP 542 ms LCP 998 mshttps://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/media/libre-baskerville-style-normal-weight-400-latin.640ece80.woff2libre-baskerville-style... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/media/libre-baskerville-style-normal-weight-400-latin.640ece80.woff2 — 17.4 KiB — 20 ms — font-display: swaphttps://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/media/montserrat-style-normal-weight-700-latin.387f0342.woff2montserrat-style-normal... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/media/montserrat-style-normal-weight-700-latin.387f0342.woff2 — 16.3 KiB — 20 ms — font-display: swaphttps://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/media/libre-baskerville-style-italic-weight-400-latin.88dcecf9.woff2libre-baskerville-style... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/media/libre-baskerville-style-italic-weight-400-latin.88dcecf9.woff2 — 20.7 KiB — 6 ms — font-display: swap
libre-baskerville-style... woff2 swap
Size 17 KB
Load time 20 ms
Start 96 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
montserrat-style-normal... woff2 swap
Size 16 KB
Load time 20 ms
Start 99 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
libre-baskerville-style... woff2 swap
Size 21 KB
Load time 6 ms
Start 448 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
Optimization checklist
  • Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
  • Use woff2 format for all fonts
  • Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
  • Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)
A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
No optimization needed
PASS
No optimization needed
Info::
No resource hint issues
Network Waterfall
125 requests over 1319ms
INFO
0 ms 500 ms 1.0 s FCP 542 ms LCP 998 mshttps://theconversation.com// https://theconversation.com/ — 302 — 656 B — 51 ms — h2https://theconversation.com/us/us https://theconversation.com/us — 200 — 93.4 KiB — 8 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/media/libre-baskerville-style-normal-weight-400-latin.640ece80.woff2cdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/media/libre-baskerville-style-normal-weight-400-latin.640ece80.woff2 — 200 — 17.4 KiB — 20 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/media/montserrat-style-normal-weight-700-latin.387f0342.woff2cdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/media/montserrat-style-normal-weight-700-latin.387f0342.woff2 — 200 — 16.3 KiB — 20 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/css/05d5de4c05e9bb39.csscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/css/05d5de4c05e9bb39.css — 200 — 11.8 KiB — 13 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/376-83511813133dfd5e.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/376-83511813133dfd5e.js — 200 — 4.4 KiB — 14 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/154-e440db385f39b610.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/154-e440db385f39b610.js — 200 — 3.7 KiB — 20 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/952.ee0f3a9991d63464.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/952.ee0f3a9991d63464.js — 200 — 2.9 KiB — 48 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/750.73c5c7846b1dec41.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/750.73c5c7846b1dec41.js — 200 — 692 B — 24 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/162.f5b1421e0df8b041.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/162.f5b1421e0df8b041.js — 200 — 1.6 KiB — 19 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/159.3c00a5a3bba88a99.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/159.3c00a5a3bba88a99.js — 200 — 547 B — 19 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/556.199dab58247841b4.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/556.199dab58247841b4.js — 200 — 841 B — 47 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/707.8b07a2a212c07232.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/707.8b07a2a212c07232.js — 200 — 1.4 KiB — 19 ms — h2data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHByZXNlcnZlQXNwZWN0U…data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4b... data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHByZXNlcnZlQXNwZWN0U… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datahttps://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/607.10d729569c3123af.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/607.10d729569c3123af.js — 200 — 3.2 KiB — 25 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/222.2000baffbe786662.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/222.2000baffbe786662.js — 200 — 783 B — 44 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/webpack-c74192e1128761c0.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/webpack-c74192e1128761c0.js — 200 — 2.6 KiB — 47 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/framework-0351939e9b0fda1b.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/framework-0351939e9b0fda1b.js — 200 — 44.2 KiB — 59 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/main-4f97b6b08b924568.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/main-4f97b6b08b924568.js — 200 — 38.5 KiB — 57 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-a23562af1b6490e4.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-a23562af1b6490e4.js — 200 — 81.5 KiB — 59 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/685-8dffb47178580529.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/685-8dffb47178580529.js — 200 — 12.1 KiB — 50 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/354-a98a9cf0d68e44b8.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/354-a98a9cf0d68e44b8.js — 200 — 21.7 KiB — 53 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/view-4f2621c5c493b11f.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/view-4f2621c5c493b11f.js — 200 — 3.4 KiB — 50 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/Tjd_35AYvAhIZDZcuXGop/_buildManifest.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/Tjd_35AYvAhIZDZcuXGop/_buildManifest.js — 200 — 964 B — 42 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/Tjd_35AYvAhIZDZcuXGop/_ssgManifest.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/Tjd_35AYvAhIZDZcuXGop/_ssgManifest.js — 200 — 287 B — 25 ms — h2data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' colo…www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter i... data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' colo… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' colo…www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter i... data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' colo… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' colo…www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter i... data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' colo… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' colo…www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter i... data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' colo… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' colo…www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter i... data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' %3E%3Cfilter id='b' colo… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — data
0 ms 500 ms 1.0 s FCP 542 ms LCP 998 mshttps://theconversation.com// https://theconversation.com/ — 302 — 656 B — 51 ms — h2https://theconversation.com/us/us https://theconversation.com/us — 200 — 93.4 KiB — 8 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/media/libre-baskerville-style-normal-weight-400-latin.640ece80.woff2cdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/media/libre-baskerville-style-normal-weight-400-latin.640ece80.woff2 — 200 — 17.4 KiB — 20 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/media/montserrat-style-normal-weight-700-latin.387f0342.woff2cdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/media/montserrat-style-normal-weight-700-latin.387f0342.woff2 — 200 — 16.3 KiB — 20 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/css/05d5de4c05e9bb39.csscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/css/05d5de4c05e9bb39.css — 200 — 11.8 KiB — 13 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/376-83511813133dfd5e.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/376-83511813133dfd5e.js — 200 — 4.4 KiB — 14 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/154-e440db385f39b610.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/154-e440db385f39b610.js — 200 — 3.7 KiB — 20 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/952.ee0f3a9991d63464.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/952.ee0f3a9991d63464.js — 200 — 2.9 KiB — 48 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/750.73c5c7846b1dec41.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/750.73c5c7846b1dec41.js — 200 — 692 B — 24 ms — h2https://cdn.theconversation.com/_next/static/chunks/162.f5b1421e0df8b041.jscdn.theconversation.com/_next/stati... 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HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
67% of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party 755ms · 430KB · $10/mo
Unattributable
Other
Costly
Execution 309ms
Transfer 0 KB
Monthly Cost $4/mo
cdn.theconversation.com
Other
Optional
Execution 200ms
Transfer 44 KB
Monthly Cost $3/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 94ms
Transfer 133 KB
Unused 44%
Monthly Cost $1/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 91ms
Transfer 171 KB
Unused 40%
Monthly Cost $1/mo
cdn.theconversation.com
Other
Optional
Execution 62ms
Transfer 82 KB
Unused 67%
Monthly Cost $1/mo

These scripts may cost more than they're worth

  • Unattributable adds 309ms and costs ~$4/month

67% of JavaScript execution time comes from third-party scripts.

Why this matters

Third-party scripts (analytics, ads, social, A/B testing) often dominate execution time — every one is a perf-and-privacy tax.

Learn more

Each third-party script is a black box: you don't control when it loads, what it executes, or how much it grows. They often account for a major share of total blocking time on average sites (HTTP Archive's Web Almanac documents the trend). Audit which ones you actually need, defer the rest, and use facade patterns (lite-youtube, lite-vimeo) for embedded media.

Source: web.dev / HTTP Archive Web Almanac

Unattributable takes 309ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

67% of cdn.theconversation.com's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.

Why this matters

Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.

Source: web.dev

How third-party costs are calculated

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