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Performance

· 15 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
76
GRADE
C
FIX
4
REVIEW
4
PASS
5
INFO
2

Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates

Mobile Desktop
85
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
86
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
81
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
92
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

756 ms

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

2.56 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

74 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.000

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

1.06 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

3.54 s

Page Load Progression

622 ms
1.2 s
1.9 s
2.5 s
3.1 s
3.7 s
4.4 s
5.0 s
Checks
15
5 PASS 4 REVIEW 4 FIX
D
Third-Party Impact
Action
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
FIX
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Warning::
Third-party code accounts for 100% of page weight (1.5 MiB of 1.5 MiB)
Info::
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
100%
First-party Third-party
D
JS Bundles
Action
37 scripts, 389 KB unused
FIX
37 scripts, 389 KB unused
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WXZ...: 67 KB unused (40%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-LV8Y...: 66 KB unused (42%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-M4LG...: 66 KB unused (44%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5DHY...: 64 KB unused (41%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-6JFT...: 64 KB unused (42%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Info::
Total unused JavaScript: 389 KB
389 KB unused JavaScript

Downloaded but never executed on this page.

ScriptSizeUnusedMinifiedParty
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WXZBPZ169 KB67 KB (40%)✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-LV8YK5RW5X&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h1156 KB66 KB (42%)✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-M4LGVTBXXT&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h1151 KB66 KB (44%)✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5DHYJEC3NX&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h1156 KB64 KB (41%)✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-6JFTX91ZER&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h1150 KB64 KB (42%)✓3rd
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js97 KB34 KB (35%)✓3rd
https://cdn.onesignal.com/sdks/web/v16/OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js?v=16060342 KB28 KB (68%)✓3rd
https://tags.rferl.org/rferl-pangea/prod/utag.js35 KB—✓3rd
https://tags.rferl.org/rferl-pangea/prod/utag.v.js?a=bbg/rferl-pangea/202502251745&cb=17768091362720 KB—✓3rd
https://tags.rferl.org/rferl-pangea/prod/utag.sync.js1 KB—✓3rd

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

D
Page Weight Inventory
Action
114 resources · 1.5 MB · 389 KB savings available
FIX
114 resources · 1.5 MB · 389 KB savings available
Warning::
Page weight 535 KB over 1MB target
Got: 1.5 MB Expected: ≤ 1 MB
Info::
~389 KB of savings available
Warning::
113 third-party resources (100% of weight)
114 resources · 1.5 MiB · 113 third-party 535.5 KiB over 1MB target
JavaScript 77% · 1.2 MiB
Font 8% · 131.3 KiB
Image 6% · 101.0 KiB
CSS 3% · 52.1 KiB
Media 3% · 42.2 KiB
Document 2% · 29.9 KiB
Other 0% · 7.2 KiB

~389.0 KiB of savings available

Remove unused JavaScript: 389.0 KiB
F
HTTP Caching
Action
No cache headers
FIX
No cache headers
Warning::
No Cache-Control header found
Browsers will use heuristic caching, which can be unpredictable. Set explicit cache headers.

No Cache-Control header

Adding a Cache-Control header can significantly improve repeat-visit performance.

B
Page Weight Budget
1.5 MB transferred, 114 requests
REVIEW
1.5 MB transferred, 114 requests
Info::
Page weighs 7.4 MB (1.5 MB transferred)
Warning::
JavaScript is 1.2 MB — consider code splitting or lazy loading
Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
Got: 1.2 MB
Warning::
114 HTTP requests — consider bundling or reducing
Each request adds latency. Bundle small files, use sprites, or eliminate unnecessary requests.
Info::
Estimated 0.32 g CO2 per page load
1.5 MB / 2.4 MB budget
1.5 MB transferred
114 requests
0.32 g CO2 per page load
JavaScript 1.2 MiB 77%
Fonts 131.3 KiB 8%
Images 96.5 KiB 6%
CSS 52.1 KiB 3%
Other 42.2 KiB 3%
HTML 29.9 KiB 2%
Other 6.5 KiB 0%
Other 3.9 KiB 0%
Other 970 B 0%
Other 664 B 0%
0 2.4 MB 4.9 MB
Approaching limit

Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.

Why this matters

JavaScript bundle is large — code-split routes and lazy-load off-screen components to defer.

Source: web.dev

Each request adds latency. Bundle small files, use sprites, or eliminate unnecessary requests.

Why this matters

High HTTP request count — bundling, sprite-ing, and HTTP/2 server push can reduce per-request overhead.

Source: web.dev

B
Image Optimization
36 images, 0 KB saveable
REVIEW
36 images, 0 KB saveable
Info::
All images are well-optimized
36 images 97 KB
0 oversized -0 KB
22 legacy format
0 missing dimensions CLS risk
C
JS Execution Cost
Action
1103ms total JS execution
REVIEW
1103ms total JS execution
Info::
Unattributable: 187ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WXZ...: 178ms CPU time
Info::
https://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat_video.js: 168ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.rferl.org/: 144ms CPU time
Info::
https://tags.rferl.org/rferl-pangea/prod/utag.js: 88ms CPU time
Warning::
Third-party scripts: 1103ms (100% of total)

Main Thread Breakdown

Script Evaluation 57% Other 20% Script Parsing & Compilation 10% Style & Layout 7%
ScriptTotalScriptingParse/CompileParty
Unattributable187ms9ms0ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WXZBPZ178ms114ms52ms3rd
https://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat_video.js168ms147ms5ms3rd
https://www.rferl.org/144ms5ms2ms3rd
https://tags.rferl.org/rferl-pangea/prod/utag.js88ms76ms4ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-LV8YK5RW5X&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h171ms55ms8ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5DHYJEC3NX&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h158ms48ms10ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-6JFTX91ZER&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h155ms46ms8ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-M4LGVTBXXT&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h152ms44ms8ms3rd
https://www.rferl.org/Scripts/responsive/loader.b?v=-DFswp_EC2uZw3Oxn_v-cVTLINi_j28CeKgxsXcFnDw1?&av=0.0.0.0&cb=38151ms17ms2ms3rd

Showing top 10 of 11 scripts

C
Green Hosting
Action
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
REVIEW

Green Hosting

No green hosting detected

A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
Font Loading
4 fonts (131 KB)
PASS
4 fonts (131 KB)
Info::
4 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

Web fonts

4

131 KB total

Render-blocking

0

of 4

Dominant font-display

swap

Most common across fonts

Font loading timeline
Transfer FOIT (block) FOUT (swap)
0 ms 500 ms 1.0 s 1.5 s 2.0 s 2.5 s FCP 756 ms LCP 2.6 shttps://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/Skolar-Lt_Latin_v2.woffSkolar-Lt_Latin_v2.woff https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/Skolar-Lt_Latin_v2.woff — 33.3 KiB — 39 ms — font-display: swaphttps://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/SkolarSans-Cn-Bd_LatnCyrl_v2.3.woffSkolarSans-Cn-Bd_LatnCy... https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/SkolarSans-Cn-Bd_LatnCyrl_v2.3.woff — 40.8 KiB — 29 ms — font-display: swaphttps://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/icons-font-1770298840587.wofficons-font-177029884058... https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/icons-font-1770298840587.woff — 19.2 KiB — 32 ms — font-display: swaphttps://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/SkolarSansLatnCyrlCn-Rg.woff2SkolarSansLatnCyrlCn-Rg... https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/SkolarSansLatnCyrlCn-Rg.woff2 — 37.9 KiB — 30 ms — font-display: swap
Skolar-Lt_Latin_v2.woff woff swap
Size 33 KB
Load time 39 ms
Start 242 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
  • Convert to woff2 for ~30% smaller file size
SkolarSans-Cn-Bd_LatnCy... woff swap
Size 41 KB
Load time 29 ms
Start 338 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
  • Convert to woff2 for ~30% smaller file size
icons-font-177029884058... woff swap
Size 19 KB
Load time 32 ms
Start 338 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
  • Convert to woff2 for ~30% smaller file size
SkolarSansLatnCyrlCn-Rg... woff2 swap
Size 38 KB
Load time 30 ms
Start 338 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
Optimization checklist
  • Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
  • Use woff2 format for all fonts
  • Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
  • Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)

Fixing the unchecked items could save ~28 KB and ~56 ms

A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
No optimization needed
PASS
No optimization needed
Info::
No resource hint issues
Network Waterfall
114 requests over 2655ms
INFO
0 ms 500 ms 1.0 s 1.5 s 2.0 s 2.5 s FCP 756 ms LCP 2.6 shttps://rferl.org// https://rferl.org/ — 301 — 88 B — 79 ms — h2https://www.rferl.org/www.rferl.org/ https://www.rferl.org/ — 200 — 26.7 KiB — 151 ms — h2https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RFE/en-US/RFE-en-US.css?&av=0.0.0.0&cb=381www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RF... https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RFE/en-US/RFE-en-US.css?&av=0.0.0.0&cb=381 — 200 — 51.0 KiB — 47 ms — h2https://tags.rferl.org/rferl-pangea/prod/utag.sync.jstags.rferl.org/rferl-pangea/prod/ut... https://tags.rferl.org/rferl-pangea/prod/utag.sync.js — 200 — 1.4 KiB — 14 ms — h2https://www.rferl.org/Scripts/responsive/infographics.b?v=dVbZ-Cza7s4UoO3BqYSZdbxQZVF4BOLP5EfYDs4kqEo1&av=0.0.0.0&cb=381www.rferl.org/Scripts/responsive/in... https://www.rferl.org/Scripts/responsive/infographics.b?v=dVbZ-Cza7s4UoO3BqYSZdbxQZVF4BOLP5EfYDs4kqEo1&av=0.0.0.0&cb=381 — 200 — 2.0 KiB — 43 ms — h2https://www.rferl.org/Scripts/responsive/loader.b?v=-DFswp_EC2uZw3Oxn_v-cVTLINi_j28CeKgxsXcFnDw1?&av=0.0.0.0&cb=381www.rferl.org/Scripts/responsive/lo... https://www.rferl.org/Scripts/responsive/loader.b?v=-DFswp_EC2uZw3Oxn_v-cVTLINi_j28CeKgxsXcFnDw1?&av=0.0.0.0&cb=381 — 200 — 21.3 KiB — 38 ms — h2https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/Skolar-Lt_Latin_v2.woffwww.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fo... https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/Skolar-Lt_Latin_v2.woff — 200 — 33.3 KiB — 39 ms — h2https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RFE/en-US/img/logo-compact.svg?cb=381www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RF... https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RFE/en-US/img/logo-compact.svg?cb=381 — 200 — 2.7 KiB — 40 ms — h2https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RFE/en-US/img/logo.svg?cb=381www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RF... https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RFE/en-US/img/logo.svg?cb=381 — 200 — 2.7 KiB — 43 ms — h2https://gdb.rferl.org/769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_tv_w250_r1.jpggdb.rferl.org/769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7... https://gdb.rferl.org/769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_tv_w250_r1.jpg — 200 — 4.7 KiB — 20 ms — h2https://gdb.rferl.org/39786077-a148-458d-1b64-08de3bed1b27_tv_w250_r1.jpggdb.rferl.org/39786077-a148-458d-1b... https://gdb.rferl.org/39786077-a148-458d-1b64-08de3bed1b27_tv_w250_r1.jpg — 200 — 4.3 KiB — 40 ms — h2https://docs.rferl.org/branding/cdn/html_banners/banners-styles.cssdocs.rferl.org/branding/cdn/html_ba... https://docs.rferl.org/branding/cdn/html_banners/banners-styles.css — 200 — 1.1 KiB — 28 ms — h2https://gdb.rferl.org/8e7b7dd6-ad77-4a5a-0360-08de3c642a38_tv_w250_r1.jpggdb.rferl.org/8e7b7dd6-ad77-4a5a-03... https://gdb.rferl.org/8e7b7dd6-ad77-4a5a-0360-08de3c642a38_tv_w250_r1.jpg — 200 — 2.5 KiB — 21 ms — h2https://www.rferl.org/conf.js?x=381www.rferl.org/conf.js?x=381 https://www.rferl.org/conf.js?x=381 — 200 — 1.1 KiB — 29 ms — h2https://www.youtube.com/iframe_apiwww.youtube.com/iframe_api https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api — 200 — 3.6 KiB — 105 ms — h2https://gdb.rferl.org/1ea297f1-5006-4aab-3c8e-08de3be37656_tv_w250_r1.jpggdb.rferl.org/1ea297f1-5006-4aab-3c... https://gdb.rferl.org/1ea297f1-5006-4aab-3c8e-08de3be37656_tv_w250_r1.jpg — 200 — 6.9 KiB — 24 ms — h2https://gdb.rferl.org/950da4ca-6d52-4918-5c31-08de3c91433d_tv_w250_r1.jpggdb.rferl.org/950da4ca-6d52-4918-5c... https://gdb.rferl.org/950da4ca-6d52-4918-5c31-08de3c91433d_tv_w250_r1.jpg — 200 — 6.3 KiB — 23 ms — h2https://gdb.rferl.org/4910072a-48d4-4720-d6c5-08de3c914337_tv_w250_r1.jpggdb.rferl.org/4910072a-48d4-4720-d6... https://gdb.rferl.org/4910072a-48d4-4720-d6c5-08de3c914337_tv_w250_r1.jpg — 200 — 3.9 KiB — 21 ms — h2https://gdb.rferl.org/9943b8a5-bf1f-496c-3b9e-08de3be37656_w100_r1.jpggdb.rferl.org/9943b8a5-bf1f-496c-3b... https://gdb.rferl.org/9943b8a5-bf1f-496c-3b9e-08de3be37656_w100_r1.jpg — 200 — 2.2 KiB — 32 ms — h2https://gdb.rferl.org/0d61f7d0-0a9a-4e25-be29-8d24764e8a29_w100_r1.jpggdb.rferl.org/0d61f7d0-0a9a-4e25-be... https://gdb.rferl.org/0d61f7d0-0a9a-4e25-be29-8d24764e8a29_w100_r1.jpg — 200 — 1.7 KiB — 21 ms — h2https://cdn.onesignal.com/sdks/web/v16/OneSignalSDK.page.jscdn.onesignal.com/sdks/web/v16/OneS... https://cdn.onesignal.com/sdks/web/v16/OneSignalSDK.page.js — 200 — 901 B — 69 ms — h3https://www.rferl.org/Scripts/responsive/serviceWorkerInstall.js?cb=381www.rferl.org/Scripts/responsive/se... https://www.rferl.org/Scripts/responsive/serviceWorkerInstall.js?cb=381 — 200 — 1.2 KiB — 28 ms — h2https://www.clarity.ms/tag/qwvmb9dixiwww.clarity.ms/tag/qwvmb9dixi https://www.clarity.ms/tag/qwvmb9dixi — 204 — 171 B — 125 ms — http/1.1https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WXZBPZwww.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=... https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WXZBPZ — 200 — 168.6 KiB — 178 ms — h2https://tags.rferl.org/rferl-pangea/prod/utag.jstags.rferl.org/rferl-pangea/prod/ut... https://tags.rferl.org/rferl-pangea/prod/utag.js — 200 — 34.9 KiB — 7 ms — h2https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/SkolarSans-Cn-Bd_LatnCyrl_v2.3.woffwww.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fo... https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/SkolarSans-Cn-Bd_LatnCyrl_v2.3.woff — 200 — 40.8 KiB — 29 ms — h2https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/icons-font-1770298840587.woffwww.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fo... https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/icons-font-1770298840587.woff — 200 — 19.2 KiB — 32 ms — h2https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/SkolarSansLatnCyrlCn-Rg.woff2www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fo... https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/fonts/SkolarSansLatnCyrlCn-Rg.woff2 — 200 — 37.9 KiB — 30 ms — h2https://www.rferl.org/manifest.jsonwww.rferl.org/manifest.json https://www.rferl.org/manifest.json — 200 — 970 B — 31 ms — h2https://tags.rferl.org/rferl-pangea/prod/utag.53.js?utv=ut4.52.202307101453tags.rferl.org/rferl-pangea/prod/ut... https://tags.rferl.org/rferl-pangea/prod/utag.53.js?utv=ut4.52.202307101453 — 200 — 1.3 KiB — 6 ms — h2
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h2https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-LV8YK5RW5X&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h1www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id... https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-LV8YK5RW5X&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h1 — 200 — 155.9 KiB — 74 ms — h2https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-6JFTX91ZER&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h1www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id... https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-6JFTX91ZER&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h1 — 200 — 150.3 KiB — 50 ms — h2https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-M4LGVTBXXT&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h1www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id... https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-M4LGVTBXXT&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h1 — 200 — 150.6 KiB — 65 ms — h2https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.jswww.google-analytics.com/analytics.... https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js — 200 — 20.9 KiB — 105 ms — h2https://www.clarity.ms/tag/riwr7sa5llwww.clarity.ms/tag/riwr7sa5ll https://www.clarity.ms/tag/riwr7sa5ll — 200 — 901 B — 31 ms — http/1.1https://www.clarity.ms/tag/rjfbo8sy4vwww.clarity.ms/tag/rjfbo8sy4v https://www.clarity.ms/tag/rjfbo8sy4v — 200 — 889 B — 58 ms — http/1.1https://bbg.sc.omtrdc.net/id?d_visid_ver=5.4.0&d_fieldgroup=A&mcorgid=518ABC7455E462B97F000101%40AdobeOrg&mid=29463143946902082288006962273149712965&ts=1776809136494bbg.sc.omtrdc.net/id?d_visid_ver=5.... https://bbg.sc.omtrdc.net/id?d_visid_ver=5.4.0&d_fieldgroup=A&mcorgid=518ABC7455E462B97F000101%40AdobeOrg&mid=29463143946902082288006962273149712965&ts=1776809136494 — 200 — 41 B — 22 ms — h2https://dpm.demdex.net/id?d_visid_ver=5.4.0&d_fieldgroup=AAM&d_rtbd=json&d_ver=2&d_orgid=518ABC7455E462B97F000101%40AdobeOrg&d_nsid=0&d_mid=29463143946902082288006962273149712965&ts=1776809136553dpm.demdex.net/id?d_visid_ver=5.4.0... https://dpm.demdex.net/id?d_visid_ver=5.4.0&d_fieldgroup=AAM&d_rtbd=json&d_ver=2&d_orgid=518ABC7455E462B97F000101%40AdobeOrg&d_nsid=0&d_mid=29463143946902082288006962273149712965&ts=1776809136553 — 200 — 903 B — 39 ms — h2https://rfe-video-ns.akamaized.net/pangeavideo/2026/04/7/76/769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_240p.mp4rfe-video-ns.akamaized.net/pangeavi... https://rfe-video-ns.akamaized.net/pangeavideo/2026/04/7/76/769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_240p.mp4 — 206 — 0 B — 2 ms — h2https://rfe-video-ns.akamaized.net/pangeavideo/2026/04/3/39/39786077-a148-458d-1b64-08de3bed1b27_240p.mp4rfe-video-ns.akamaized.net/pangeavi... https://rfe-video-ns.akamaized.net/pangeavideo/2026/04/3/39/39786077-a148-458d-1b64-08de3bed1b27_240p.mp4 — 206 — 0 B — 2 ms — h2https://cm.everesttech.net/cm/dd?d_uuid=29487370079008356478003209042523686046cm.everesttech.net/cm/dd?d_uuid=294... https://cm.everesttech.net/cm/dd?d_uuid=29487370079008356478003209042523686046 — 302 — 517 B — 196 ms — http/1.1https://bbg.demdex.net/dest5.html?d_nsid=0bbg.demdex.net/dest5.html?d_nsid=0 https://bbg.demdex.net/dest5.html?d_nsid=0 — 200 — 3.2 KiB — 138 ms — h2https://api.onesignal.com/sync/dcba9732-9d59-46ec-aea0-e487e980e249/web?callback=__jp0api.onesignal.com/sync/dcba9732-9d5... https://api.onesignal.com/sync/dcba9732-9d59-46ec-aea0-e487e980e249/web?callback=__jp0 — 200 — 2.5 KiB — 32 ms — h3https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=rferl.english&p=%2F&u=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&d=rferl.org&g=62557&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&g4=index&g7=1776809099000&n=1&f=00001&c=0&x=0&m=0&y=4336&o=1350&w=940&j=45&R=1&W=0&I=0&E=0&e=0&r=&PA=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&b=947&t=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&V=150&i=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&tz=0&sn=1&sv=DPsjeXDkyLmABIRef-BGo7WCC5CJh1&sr=external&sd=1&im=061b2fff&_ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=rferl.eng... https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=rferl.english&p=%2F&u=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&d=rferl.org&g=62557&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&g4=index&g7=1776809099000&n=1&f=00001&c=0&x=0&m=0&y=4336&o=1350&w=940&j=45&R=1&W=0&I=0&E=0&e=0&r=&PA=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&b=947&t=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&V=150&i=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&tz=0&sn=1&sv=DPsjeXDkyLmABIRef-BGo7WCC5CJh1&sr=external&sd=1&im=061b2fff&_ — 200 — 201 B — 299 ms — h2https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F7%2F76%2F769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=ISu8vDOodSeDjqtIyPkuO1CldElR&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=955&r=&_vd=10218&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s2&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.005&_vpt=85&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=1&I=0&E=0&j=20&tz=0&_ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40r... https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F7%2F76%2F769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=ISu8vDOodSeDjqtIyPkuO1CldElR&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=955&r=&_vd=10218&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s2&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.005&_vpt=85&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=1&I=0&E=0&j=20&tz=0&_ — 200 — 200 B — 299 ms — h2https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F3%2F39%2F39786077-a148-458d-1b64-08de3bed1b27_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=CLTD15DH7ZNqBpmxsWC8f7cDDQRM0t&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=965&r=&_vd=11008&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s2&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.004&_vpt=81&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F39786077-a148-458d-1b64-08de3bed1b27_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=1&I=0&E=0&j=20&tz=0&_ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40r... https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F3%2F39%2F39786077-a148-458d-1b64-08de3bed1b27_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=CLTD15DH7ZNqBpmxsWC8f7cDDQRM0t&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=965&r=&_vd=11008&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s2&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.004&_vpt=81&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F39786077-a148-458d-1b64-08de3bed1b27_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=1&I=0&E=0&j=20&tz=0&_ — 200 — 200 B — 299 ms — h2https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F8%2F8e%2F8e7b7dd6-ad77-4a5a-0360-08de3c642a38_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=CAb6MZDY90Azo3VbjO8hQiCUZ5X3&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=970&r=&_vd=21845&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.004&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F8e7b7dd6-ad77-4a5a-0360-08de3c642a38_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40r... https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F8%2F8e%2F8e7b7dd6-ad77-4a5a-0360-08de3c642a38_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=CAb6MZDY90Azo3VbjO8hQiCUZ5X3&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=970&r=&_vd=21845&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.004&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F8e7b7dd6-ad77-4a5a-0360-08de3c642a38_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ — 200 — 200 B — 299 ms — h2https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F1%2F1e%2F1ea297f1-5006-4aab-3c8e-08de3be37656_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=CfButv1n9N7CS3esyDhjleXBiHPZT&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=974&r=&_vd=29376&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.002&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F1ea297f1-5006-4aab-3c8e-08de3be37656_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40r... https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F1%2F1e%2F1ea297f1-5006-4aab-3c8e-08de3be37656_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=CfButv1n9N7CS3esyDhjleXBiHPZT&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=974&r=&_vd=29376&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.002&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F1ea297f1-5006-4aab-3c8e-08de3be37656_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ — 200 — 200 B — 300 ms — h2https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F9%2F95%2F950da4ca-6d52-4918-5c31-08de3c91433d_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=BZDcCCpIh_DDpVn-rki7s_CQYrpx&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=979&r=&_vd=19178&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.003&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F950da4ca-6d52-4918-5c31-08de3c91433d_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40r... https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F9%2F95%2F950da4ca-6d52-4918-5c31-08de3c91433d_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=BZDcCCpIh_DDpVn-rki7s_CQYrpx&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=979&r=&_vd=19178&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.003&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F950da4ca-6d52-4918-5c31-08de3c91433d_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ — 200 — 200 B — 300 ms — h2https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/1949494258686877?v=2.9.303&r=stable&domain=www.rferl.org&hme=97937018cefade17726f0472876fc101316b2ce9008a35a6a5a7977d7436151a&ex_m=104%2C205%2C154%2C22%2C72%2C73%2C145%2C68%2C67%2C11%2C162%2C90%2C16%2C138%2C127%2C39%2C75%2C78%2C134%2C159%2C164%2C8%2C4%2C5%2C7%2C6%2C3%2C91%2C101%2C165%2C170%2C219%2C62%2C186%2C187%2C55%2C276%2C30%2C74%2C231%2C230%2C229%2C23%2C33%2C103%2C61%2C10%2C63%2C97%2C98%2C99%2C105%2C130%2C31%2C29%2C132%2C133%2C129%2C128%2C155%2C76%2C158%2C156%2C157%2C50%2C60%2C123%2C15%2C161%2C45%2C263%2C264%2C262%2C26%2C27%2C28%2C48%2C146%2C77%2C112%2C18%2C20%2C44%2C40%2C42%2C41%2C83%2C92%2C96%2C110%2C144%2C147%2C46%2C111%2C24%2C21%2C119%2C69%2C36%2C149%2C148%2C150%2C141%2C139%2C25%2C35%2C59%2C109%2C160%2C70%2C17%2C152%2C114%2C81%2C66%2C19%2C85%2C86%2C116%2C84%2C136%2C135%2C34%2C278%2C293%2C212%2C201%2C202%2C200%2C296%2C288%2C52%2C213%2C107%2C131%2C80%2C121%2C54%2C47%2C49%2C113%2C120%2C126%2C58%2C64%2C151%2C115%2C37%2C32%2C53%2C56%2C100%2C163%2C1%2C124%2C14%2C122%2C12%2C2%2C57%2C93%2C65%2C118%2C89%2C88%2C166%2C167%2C94%2C95%2C9%2C125%2C102%2C51%2C142%2C87%2C79%2C71%2C117%2C106%2C43%2C143%2C0%2C82%2C137%2C140%2C153%2C38%2C108%2C13%2C168connect.facebook.net/signals/config... https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/1949494258686877?v=2.9.303&r=stable&domain=www.rferl.org&hme=97937018cefade17726f0472876fc101316b2ce9008a35a6a5a7977d7436151a&ex_m=104%2C205%2C154%2C22%2C72%2C73%2C145%2C68%2C67%2C11%2C162%2C90%2C16%2C138%2C127%2C39%2C75%2C78%2C134%2C159%2C164%2C8%2C4%2C5%2C7%2C6%2C3%2C91%2C101%2C165%2C170%2C219%2C62%2C186%2C187%2C55%2C276%2C30%2C74%2C231%2C230%2C229%2C23%2C33%2C103%2C61%2C10%2C63%2C97%2C98%2C99%2C105%2C130%2C31%2C29%2C132%2C133%2C129%2C128%2C155%2C76%2C158%2C156%2C157%2C50%2C60%2C123%2C15%2C161%2C45%2C263%2C264%2C262%2C26%2C27%2C28%2C48%2C146%2C77%2C112%2C18%2C20%2C44%2C40%2C42%2C41%2C83%2C92%2C96%2C110%2C144%2C147%2C46%2C111%2C24%2C21%2C119%2C69%2C36%2C149%2C148%2C150%2C141%2C139%2C25%2C35%2C59%2C109%2C160%2C70%2C17%2C152%2C114%2C81%2C66%2C19%2C85%2C86%2C116%2C84%2C136%2C135%2C34%2C278%2C293%2C212%2C201%2C202%2C200%2C296%2C288%2C52%2C213%2C107%2C131%2C80%2C121%2C54%2C47%2C49%2C113%2C120%2C126%2C58%2C64%2C151%2C115%2C37%2C32%2C53%2C56%2C100%2C163%2C1%2C124%2C14%2C122%2C12%2C2%2C57%2C93%2C65%2C118%2C89%2C88%2C166%2C167%2C94%2C95%2C9%2C125%2C102%2C51%2C142%2C87%2C79%2C71%2C117%2C106%2C43%2C143%2C0%2C82%2C137%2C140%2C153%2C38%2C108%2C13%2C168 — 200 — 44.4 KiB — 28 ms — h3https://ssc.rferl.org/b/ss/bbgprod,bbgentityrferl/1/JS-2.23.0/s9799402654482?AQB=1&ndh=1&pf=1&t=21%2F3%2F2026%2022%3A5%3A36%202%200&sdid=3776F2CB8F2E6937-1F3E8F354E88C881&mid=29463143946902082288006962273149712965&aamlh=6&ce=UTF-8&ns=bbg&cdp=2&pageName=rfe%3Aeng%3Aw%3Ahomepage%3Arfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&h.&architecture=x86&bitness=64&platformVersion=10.15.7&.h&cc=USD&ch=%2F&server=www.rferl.org&events=event1%2Cevent10&aamb=j8Odv6LonN4r3an7LhD3WZrU1bUpAkFkkiY1ncBR96t2PTI&v1=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&v4=index&v5=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&v6=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&v13=rferlhomepage&v15=english&v16=rferl%20english&v17=web&v20=yes&v21=homepage&v23=29463143946902082288006962273149712965&v25=rfe&v27=RFERL%20English%20Responsive&v29=www.rferl.org&v30=420&v31=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&v32=rfe%3Aeng%3Aw%3Ahomepage%3Arfe%2Frl%20home%20page&v36=8.46.0.0.381&v38=homepage&v50=homepage%20view&v70=2.23.0&v72=prod&v82=view&v85=rferlhomepage&v100=2026-04-21%3A22.05%3A%2B00.00&v101=UTC&v102=en-US%3Aen%3Aen-US&v104=iq&v111=ut4.52.202502251745&s=800x600&c=24&j=1.6&v=N&k=Y&bw=1350&bh=940&mcorgid=518ABC7455E462B97F000101%40AdobeOrg&AQE=1ssc.rferl.org/b/ss/bbgprod,bbgentit... https://ssc.rferl.org/b/ss/bbgprod,bbgentityrferl/1/JS-2.23.0/s9799402654482?AQB=1&ndh=1&pf=1&t=21%2F3%2F2026%2022%3A5%3A36%202%200&sdid=3776F2CB8F2E6937-1F3E8F354E88C881&mid=29463143946902082288006962273149712965&aamlh=6&ce=UTF-8&ns=bbg&cdp=2&pageName=rfe%3Aeng%3Aw%3Ahomepage%3Arfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&h.&architecture=x86&bitness=64&platformVersion=10.15.7&.h&cc=USD&ch=%2F&server=www.rferl.org&events=event1%2Cevent10&aamb=j8Odv6LonN4r3an7LhD3WZrU1bUpAkFkkiY1ncBR96t2PTI&v1=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&v4=index&v5=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&v6=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&v13=rferlhomepage&v15=english&v16=rferl%20english&v17=web&v20=yes&v21=homepage&v23=29463143946902082288006962273149712965&v25=rfe&v27=RFERL%20English%20Responsive&v29=www.rferl.org&v30=420&v31=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&v32=rfe%3Aeng%3Aw%3Ahomepage%3Arfe%2Frl%20home%20page&v36=8.46.0.0.381&v38=homepage&v50=homepage%20view&v70=2.23.0&v72=prod&v82=view&v85=rferlhomepage&v100=2026-04-21%3A22.05%3A%2B00.00&v101=UTC&v102=en-US%3Aen%3Aen-US&v104=iq&v111=ut4.52.202502251745&s=800x600&c=24&j=1.6&v=N&k=Y&bw=1350&bh=940&mcorgid=518ABC7455E462B97F000101%40AdobeOrg&AQE=1 — 200 — 371 B — 68 ms — h2https://dpm.demdex.net/ibs:dpid=411&dpuuid=aef0sAAAABfGohbMdpm.demdex.net/ibs:dpid=411&dpuuid=... https://dpm.demdex.net/ibs:dpid=411&dpuuid=aef0sAAAABfGohbM — 302 — 531 B — 66 ms — h2https://region1.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-5DHYJEC3NX&gtm=45je64h1h1v9232983711z871456482za20gzb71456482zd71456482&_p=1776809136049&gcd=13l3l3l2l1l1&npa=1&dma_cps=a&dma=1&are=1&cid=1724014152.1776809137&frm=0&pscdl=noapi&rcb=9&sr=800x600&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Chromium%3B147.0.7727.101%7CNot.A%252FBrand%3B8.0.0.0&uam=&uamb=0&uap=macOS&uapv=10.15.7&uaw=0&ul=en-us&_s=1&tag_exp=0~115616985~115938465~115938468~117266400~117512542&dt=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&sid=1776809136&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&en=page_view&_fv=1&_nsi=1&_ss=2&ep.property_id=420&ep.cms_content_type=index&ep.cms_subcontent_type=homepage&ep.cms_page_type=homepage&ep.enviro_type=prod&ep.cms_platform=web&ep.domain=www.rferl.org&ep.section=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&ep.section_en=rferlhomepage&ep.is_iframe=false&ep.embed_context=main&ep.service_lan_web=CNR%20(Eng)%20-%20Rferl.org&ep.user_timezone=UTC%2B00%3A00%20UTC&ep.pub_datetime=2018-01-09%2000%3A00%3A00Z&ep.last_modified=2026-04-21%2022%3A04%3A59Z&ep.copied_article=&ep.word_count_bucket=Unknown&ep.page_length_bucket=Long&ep.window_height_bucket=800%2B&ep.is_embed=main&up.traffic_type=clean&up.user_timezone=UTC%2B00%3A00%20UTC&tfd=1162region1.google-analytics.com/g/coll... https://region1.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-5DHYJEC3NX&gtm=45je64h1h1v9232983711z871456482za20gzb71456482zd71456482&_p=1776809136049&gcd=13l3l3l2l1l1&npa=1&dma_cps=a&dma=1&are=1&cid=1724014152.1776809137&frm=0&pscdl=noapi&rcb=9&sr=800x600&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Chromium%3B147.0.7727.101%7CNot.A%252FBrand%3B8.0.0.0&uam=&uamb=0&uap=macOS&uapv=10.15.7&uaw=0&ul=en-us&_s=1&tag_exp=0~115616985~115938465~115938468~117266400~117512542&dt=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&sid=1776809136&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&en=page_view&_fv=1&_nsi=1&_ss=2&ep.property_id=420&ep.cms_content_type=index&ep.cms_subcontent_type=homepage&ep.cms_page_type=homepage&ep.enviro_type=prod&ep.cms_platform=web&ep.domain=www.rferl.org&ep.section=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&ep.section_en=rferlhomepage&ep.is_iframe=false&ep.embed_context=main&ep.service_lan_web=CNR%20(Eng)%20-%20Rferl.org&ep.user_timezone=UTC%2B00%3A00%20UTC&ep.pub_datetime=2018-01-09%2000%3A00%3A00Z&ep.last_modified=2026-04-21%2022%3A04%3A59Z&ep.copied_article=&ep.word_count_bucket=Unknown&ep.page_length_bucket=Long&ep.window_height_bucket=800%2B&ep.is_embed=main&up.traffic_type=clean&up.user_timezone=UTC%2B00%3A00%20UTC&tfd=1162 — 204 — 548 B — 138 ms — h2https://dpm.demdex.net/demconf.jpg?et:ibs%7cdata:dpid=411&dpuuid=aef0sAAAABfGohbMdpm.demdex.net/demconf.jpg?et:ibs%7... https://dpm.demdex.net/demconf.jpg?et:ibs%7cdata:dpid=411&dpuuid=aef0sAAAABfGohbM — 200 — 470 B — 37 ms — h2https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F4%2F49%2F4910072a-48d4-4720-d6c5-08de3c914337_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=BgeVxIC24Vt2C98FwnCIPyo-Cmr8ou&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=984&r=&_vd=10538&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.002&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F4910072a-48d4-4720-d6c5-08de3c914337_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40r... https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F4%2F49%2F4910072a-48d4-4720-d6c5-08de3c914337_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=BgeVxIC24Vt2C98FwnCIPyo-Cmr8ou&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=984&r=&_vd=10538&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.002&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F4910072a-48d4-4720-d6c5-08de3c914337_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ — 200 — 200 B — 174 ms — h2https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F7%2F76%2F769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=jkILsBlvLDnBdNPVND5oOmJC2vr4N&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=1062&r=&_vd=10218&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s2&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.017&_vpt=179&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=1&I=0&E=0&j=20&tz=0&_ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40r... https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F7%2F76%2F769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=jkILsBlvLDnBdNPVND5oOmJC2vr4N&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=1062&r=&_vd=10218&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s2&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.017&_vpt=179&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=1&I=0&E=0&j=20&tz=0&_ — 200 — 200 B — 176 ms — h2https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F3%2F39%2F39786077-a148-458d-1b64-08de3bed1b27_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=DN97chDPmI6DSjaHjBHDf6jC2BmhI&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=1069&r=&_vd=11008&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s2&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.003&_vpt=185&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F39786077-a148-458d-1b64-08de3bed1b27_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=1&I=0&E=0&j=20&tz=0&_ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40r... https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F3%2F39%2F39786077-a148-458d-1b64-08de3bed1b27_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=DN97chDPmI6DSjaHjBHDf6jC2BmhI&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=1069&r=&_vd=11008&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s2&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.003&_vpt=185&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F39786077-a148-458d-1b64-08de3bed1b27_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=1&I=0&E=0&j=20&tz=0&_ — 200 — 200 B — 175 ms — h2https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F8%2F8e%2F8e7b7dd6-ad77-4a5a-0360-08de3c642a38_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=CRak-bZiqeXDcCKvDCRzrmBCxDWF7&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=1080&r=&_vd=21845&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.006&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F8e7b7dd6-ad77-4a5a-0360-08de3c642a38_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40r... https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F8%2F8e%2F8e7b7dd6-ad77-4a5a-0360-08de3c642a38_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=CRak-bZiqeXDcCKvDCRzrmBCxDWF7&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=1080&r=&_vd=21845&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.006&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F8e7b7dd6-ad77-4a5a-0360-08de3c642a38_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ — 200 — 200 B — 174 ms — h2https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F1%2F1e%2F1ea297f1-5006-4aab-3c8e-08de3be37656_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=C43ateCzyQk_D_uBbbRnjX_BfB3kq&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=1084&r=&_vd=29376&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.002&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F1ea297f1-5006-4aab-3c8e-08de3be37656_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40r... https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F1%2F1e%2F1ea297f1-5006-4aab-3c8e-08de3be37656_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=C43ateCzyQk_D_uBbbRnjX_BfB3kq&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=1084&r=&_vd=29376&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.002&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F1ea297f1-5006-4aab-3c8e-08de3be37656_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ — 200 — 200 B — 177 ms — h2https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F9%2F95%2F950da4ca-6d52-4918-5c31-08de3c91433d_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=uoRXAhvCbemJCMjBseoMtCrBwUb&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=1089&r=&_vd=19178&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.004&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F950da4ca-6d52-4918-5c31-08de3c91433d_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40r... https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F9%2F95%2F950da4ca-6d52-4918-5c31-08de3c91433d_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=uoRXAhvCbemJCMjBseoMtCrBwUb&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=1089&r=&_vd=19178&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.004&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F950da4ca-6d52-4918-5c31-08de3c91433d_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ — 200 — 200 B — 178 ms — h2https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F4%2F49%2F4910072a-48d4-4720-d6c5-08de3c914337_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=DYGGmUCU8AefDRqwcABHSOY7CnlxRu&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=1093&r=&_vd=10538&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.002&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F4910072a-48d4-4720-d6c5-08de3c914337_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40r... https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=video%40rferl.english&g=62557&p=https%3A%2F%2Frfe-video-ns.akamaized.net%2Fpangeavideo%2F2026%2F04%2F4%2F49%2F4910072a-48d4-4720-d6c5-08de3c914337_240p.mp4&i=&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&u=DToQbUCmL62PfHRJj&t=DYGGmUCU8AefDRqwcABHSOY7CnlxRu&x=0&y=0&V=150&VS=H5&n=1&b=1093&r=&_vd=10538&_vi=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&_vp=rferl.org%2F&_vh=rferl.org&_pu=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&_pt=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&_pr=&_vdd=rferl.english&_vt=ct&_vs=s1&_vcs=0&_vbr=-1&_vvs=0.002&_vpt=0&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F4910072a-48d4-4720-d6c5-08de3c914337_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vaup=man&_vce=0&c=0&W=0&R=0&I=1&E=0&j=75&tz=0&_ — 200 — 200 B — 179 ms — h2https://region1.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-6JFTX91ZER&gtm=45je64h1h1v9225207932z871456482za20gzb71456482zd71456482&_p=1776809136049&gcd=13l3l3l2l1l1&npa=1&dma_cps=a&dma=1&are=1&cid=1724014152.1776809137&frm=0&pscdl=noapi&rcb=3&sr=800x600&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Chromium%3B147.0.7727.101%7CNot.A%252FBrand%3B8.0.0.0&uam=&uamb=0&uap=macOS&uapv=10.15.7&uaw=0&ul=en-us&_s=1&tag_exp=0~115938465~115938469~117266401~117512542&dt=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&sid=1776809136&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&en=page_view&_fv=1&_ss=1&ep.property_id=420&ep.cms_content_type=index&ep.cms_subcontent_type=homepage&ep.cms_page_type=homepage&ep.enviro_type=prod&ep.cms_platform=web&ep.domain=www.rferl.org&ep.section=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&ep.section_en=rferlhomepage&ep.is_iframe=false&ep.embed_context=main&ep.service_lan_web=CNR%20(Eng)%20-%20Rferl.org&ep.user_timezone=UTC%2B00%3A00%20UTC&ep.pub_datetime=2018-01-09%2000%3A00%3A00Z&ep.last_modified=2026-04-21%2022%3A04%3A59Z&ep.copied_article=&ep.word_count_bucket=Unknown&ep.page_length_bucket=Long&ep.window_height_bucket=800%2B&ep.is_embed=main&up.traffic_type=clean&up.user_timezone=UTC%2B00%3A00%20UTC&tfd=1218region1.google-analytics.com/g/coll... https://region1.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-6JFTX91ZER&gtm=45je64h1h1v9225207932z871456482za20gzb71456482zd71456482&_p=1776809136049&gcd=13l3l3l2l1l1&npa=1&dma_cps=a&dma=1&are=1&cid=1724014152.1776809137&frm=0&pscdl=noapi&rcb=3&sr=800x600&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Chromium%3B147.0.7727.101%7CNot.A%252FBrand%3B8.0.0.0&uam=&uamb=0&uap=macOS&uapv=10.15.7&uaw=0&ul=en-us&_s=1&tag_exp=0~115938465~115938469~117266401~117512542&dt=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&sid=1776809136&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&en=page_view&_fv=1&_ss=1&ep.property_id=420&ep.cms_content_type=index&ep.cms_subcontent_type=homepage&ep.cms_page_type=homepage&ep.enviro_type=prod&ep.cms_platform=web&ep.domain=www.rferl.org&ep.section=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&ep.section_en=rferlhomepage&ep.is_iframe=false&ep.embed_context=main&ep.service_lan_web=CNR%20(Eng)%20-%20Rferl.org&ep.user_timezone=UTC%2B00%3A00%20UTC&ep.pub_datetime=2018-01-09%2000%3A00%3A00Z&ep.last_modified=2026-04-21%2022%3A04%3A59Z&ep.copied_article=&ep.word_count_bucket=Unknown&ep.page_length_bucket=Long&ep.window_height_bucket=800%2B&ep.is_embed=main&up.traffic_type=clean&up.user_timezone=UTC%2B00%3A00%20UTC&tfd=1218 — 204 — 48 B — 82 ms — h2https://scripts.clarity.ms/0.8.60-beta/clarity.jsscripts.clarity.ms/0.8.60-beta/clar... https://scripts.clarity.ms/0.8.60-beta/clarity.js — 200 — 25.0 KiB — 127 ms — h2https://region1.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-LV8YK5RW5X&gtm=45je64h1h1v9224813153z871456482za20gzb71456482zd71456482&_p=1776809136049&gcd=13l3l3l2l1l1&npa=1&dma_cps=a&dma=1&are=1&cid=1724014152.1776809137&frm=0&pscdl=noapi&rcb=1&sr=800x600&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Chromium%3B147.0.7727.101%7CNot.A%252FBrand%3B8.0.0.0&uam=&uamb=0&uap=macOS&uapv=10.15.7&uaw=0&ul=en-us&_s=1&tag_exp=0~115616985~115938465~115938468~117266400~117512542~118463261&dt=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&sid=1776809137&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&en=page_view&_fv=1&_ss=1&ep.property_id=420&ep.cms_content_type=index&ep.cms_subcontent_type=homepage&ep.cms_page_type=homepage&ep.enviro_type=prod&ep.cms_platform=web&ep.domain=www.rferl.org&ep.section=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&ep.section_en=rferlhomepage&ep.is_iframe=false&ep.embed_context=main&ep.service_lan_web=CNR%20(Eng)%20-%20Rferl.org&ep.user_timezone=UTC%2B00%3A00%20UTC&ep.pub_datetime=2018-01-09%2000%3A00%3A00Z&ep.last_modified=2026-04-21%2022%3A04%3A59Z&ep.copied_article=&ep.word_count_bucket=Unknown&ep.page_length_bucket=Long&ep.window_height_bucket=800%2B&ep.is_embed=main&up.traffic_type=clean&up.user_timezone=UTC%2B00%3A00%20UTC&tfd=1292region1.google-analytics.com/g/coll... https://region1.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-LV8YK5RW5X&gtm=45je64h1h1v9224813153z871456482za20gzb71456482zd71456482&_p=1776809136049&gcd=13l3l3l2l1l1&npa=1&dma_cps=a&dma=1&are=1&cid=1724014152.1776809137&frm=0&pscdl=noapi&rcb=1&sr=800x600&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Chromium%3B147.0.7727.101%7CNot.A%252FBrand%3B8.0.0.0&uam=&uamb=0&uap=macOS&uapv=10.15.7&uaw=0&ul=en-us&_s=1&tag_exp=0~115616985~115938465~115938468~117266400~117512542~118463261&dt=RFE%2FRL%20Home%20Page&sid=1776809137&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&en=page_view&_fv=1&_ss=1&ep.property_id=420&ep.cms_content_type=index&ep.cms_subcontent_type=homepage&ep.cms_page_type=homepage&ep.enviro_type=prod&ep.cms_platform=web&ep.domain=www.rferl.org&ep.section=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&ep.section_en=rferlhomepage&ep.is_iframe=false&ep.embed_context=main&ep.service_lan_web=CNR%20(Eng)%20-%20Rferl.org&ep.user_timezone=UTC%2B00%3A00%20UTC&ep.pub_datetime=2018-01-09%2000%3A00%3A00Z&ep.last_modified=2026-04-21%2022%3A04%3A59Z&ep.copied_article=&ep.word_count_bucket=Unknown&ep.page_length_bucket=Long&ep.window_height_bucket=800%2B&ep.is_embed=main&up.traffic_type=clean&up.user_timezone=UTC%2B00%3A00%20UTC&tfd=1292 — 204 — 48 B — 62 ms — h2https://region1.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-M4LGVTBXXT&gtm=45je64h1h1v886464275z871456482za20gzb71456482zd71456482&_p=1776809136049&gcd=13l3l3l2l1l1&npa=1&dma_cps=a&dma=1&are=1&cid=1724014152.1776809137&frm=0&pscdl=noapi&rcb=7&sr=800x600&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Chromium%3B147.0.7727.101%7CNot.A%252FBrand%3B8.0.0.0&uam=&uamb=0&uap=macOS&uapv=10.15.7&uaw=0&ul=en-us&_s=1&tag_exp=0~115938465~115938469~117266400~117512542&sid=1776809137&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&dt=Radio%20Free%20Europe%2FRadio%20Liberty&en=page_view&_fv=1&_ss=1&tfd=1349region1.google-analytics.com/g/coll... https://region1.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-M4LGVTBXXT&gtm=45je64h1h1v886464275z871456482za20gzb71456482zd71456482&_p=1776809136049&gcd=13l3l3l2l1l1&npa=1&dma_cps=a&dma=1&are=1&cid=1724014152.1776809137&frm=0&pscdl=noapi&rcb=7&sr=800x600&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Chromium%3B147.0.7727.101%7CNot.A%252FBrand%3B8.0.0.0&uam=&uamb=0&uap=macOS&uapv=10.15.7&uaw=0&ul=en-us&_s=1&tag_exp=0~115938465~115938469~117266400~117512542&sid=1776809137&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&dt=Radio%20Free%20Europe%2FRadio%20Liberty&en=page_view&_fv=1&_ss=1&tfd=1349 — 204 — 20 B — 60 ms — h3https://www.google-analytics.com/j/collect?v=1&_v=j102&a=1777377490&t=pageview&_s=1&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&ul=en-us&dt=Radio%20Free%20Europe%2FRadio%20Liberty&sr=800x600&vp=1350x940&_u=YADAAAABAAAAAC~&jid=328325926&gjid=426983647&cid=1724014152.1776809137&tid=UA-75913661-40&_gid=1899661762.1776809137&_r=1&_slc=1&gtm=45He64h1h1n71WXZBPZv71456482za200zd71456482&gcd=13l3l3l2l1l1&dma_cps=a&dma=1&tag_exp=0~115938465~115938468~117266401~117884344&npa=1&z=1145382650www.google-analytics.com/j/collect?... https://www.google-analytics.com/j/collect?v=1&_v=j102&a=1777377490&t=pageview&_s=1&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&ul=en-us&dt=Radio%20Free%20Europe%2FRadio%20Liberty&sr=800x600&vp=1350x940&_u=YADAAAABAAAAAC~&jid=328325926&gjid=426983647&cid=1724014152.1776809137&tid=UA-75913661-40&_gid=1899661762.1776809137&_r=1&_slc=1&gtm=45He64h1h1n71WXZBPZv71456482za200zd71456482&gcd=13l3l3l2l1l1&dma_cps=a&dma=1&tag_exp=0~115938465~115938468~117266401~117884344&npa=1&z=1145382650 — 200 — 451 B — 25 ms — h2https://www.facebook.com/tr/?id=1949494258686877&ev=PageView&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&rl=&if=false&ts=1776809137140&sw=800&sh=600&v=2.9.303&r=stable&a=tmtealium&ec=0&o=4126&fbp=fb.1.1776809137131.556317841254399337&ler=empty&cdl=API_unavailable&pmd[title]=Radio%20Free%20Europe%2FRadio%20Liberty&pmd[locale]=en&pmd[description]=RFE%2FRL%20has%20more%20than%20700%20full-time%20journalists%20and%201%2C300%20freelancers%20reporting%20the%20news%20in%2027%20languages%20in%2023%20countries.%20We%20operate%20where%20a%20free%20press%20is%20banned%20by%20the%20government%20or%20not%20fully%20established%20and%20provide%20what%20many%20people%20cannot%20get%20locally.&pmd[keywords]=Ukraine%2C%20Russia%2C%20Iran%2C%20Afghanistan%2C%20Central%20Asia%2C%20news%2C%20features%2C%20analysis%2C%20videos%2C%20podcasts%2C%20photo%20galleries%20&plt=446.1000003814697&it=1776809136768&coo=false&expv2[0]=pl0&expv2[1]=el2&expv2[2]=bc1&expv2[3]=ra2&expv2[4]=rp2&expv2[5]=ct2&expv2[6]=hf1&rqm=GETwww.facebook.com/tr/?id=19494942586... https://www.facebook.com/tr/?id=1949494258686877&ev=PageView&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&rl=&if=false&ts=1776809137140&sw=800&sh=600&v=2.9.303&r=stable&a=tmtealium&ec=0&o=4126&fbp=fb.1.1776809137131.556317841254399337&ler=empty&cdl=API_unavailable&pmd[title]=Radio%20Free%20Europe%2FRadio%20Liberty&pmd[locale]=en&pmd[description]=RFE%2FRL%20has%20more%20than%20700%20full-time%20journalists%20and%201%2C300%20freelancers%20reporting%20the%20news%20in%2027%20languages%20in%2023%20countries.%20We%20operate%20where%20a%20free%20press%20is%20banned%20by%20the%20government%20or%20not%20fully%20established%20and%20provide%20what%20many%20people%20cannot%20get%20locally.&pmd[keywords]=Ukraine%2C%20Russia%2C%20Iran%2C%20Afghanistan%2C%20Central%20Asia%2C%20news%2C%20features%2C%20analysis%2C%20videos%2C%20podcasts%2C%20photo%20galleries%20&plt=446.1000003814697&it=1776809136768&coo=false&expv2[0]=pl0&expv2[1]=el2&expv2[2]=bc1&expv2[3]=ra2&expv2[4]=rp2&expv2[5]=ct2&expv2[6]=hf1&rqm=GET — 200 — 19 B — 64 ms — h3https://www.facebook.com/privacy_sandbox/pixel/register/trigger/?id=1949494258686877&ev=PageView&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&rl=&if=false&ts=1776809137140&sw=800&sh=600&v=2.9.303&r=stable&a=tmtealium&ec=0&o=4126&fbp=fb.1.1776809137131.556317841254399337&ler=empty&cdl=API_unavailable&pmd[title]=Radio%20Free%20Europe%2FRadio%20Liberty&pmd[locale]=en&pmd[description]=RFE%2FRL%20has%20more%20than%20700%20full-time%20journalists%20and%201%2C300%20freelancers%20reporting%20the%20news%20in%2027%20languages%20in%2023%20countries.%20We%20operate%20where%20a%20free%20press%20is%20banned%20by%20the%20government%20or%20not%20fully%20established%20and%20provide%20what%20many%20people%20cannot%20get%20locally.&pmd[keywords]=Ukraine%2C%20Russia%2C%20Iran%2C%20Afghanistan%2C%20Central%20Asia%2C%20news%2C%20features%2C%20analysis%2C%20videos%2C%20podcasts%2C%20photo%20galleries%20&plt=446.1000003814697&it=1776809136768&coo=false&expv2[0]=pl0&expv2[1]=el2&expv2[2]=bc1&expv2[3]=ra2&expv2[4]=rp2&expv2[5]=ct2&expv2[6]=hf1&rqm=FGETwww.facebook.com/privacy_sandbox/pi... https://www.facebook.com/privacy_sandbox/pixel/register/trigger/?id=1949494258686877&ev=PageView&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&rl=&if=false&ts=1776809137140&sw=800&sh=600&v=2.9.303&r=stable&a=tmtealium&ec=0&o=4126&fbp=fb.1.1776809137131.556317841254399337&ler=empty&cdl=API_unavailable&pmd[title]=Radio%20Free%20Europe%2FRadio%20Liberty&pmd[locale]=en&pmd[description]=RFE%2FRL%20has%20more%20than%20700%20full-time%20journalists%20and%201%2C300%20freelancers%20reporting%20the%20news%20in%2027%20languages%20in%2023%20countries.%20We%20operate%20where%20a%20free%20press%20is%20banned%20by%20the%20government%20or%20not%20fully%20established%20and%20provide%20what%20many%20people%20cannot%20get%20locally.&pmd[keywords]=Ukraine%2C%20Russia%2C%20Iran%2C%20Afghanistan%2C%20Central%20Asia%2C%20news%2C%20features%2C%20analysis%2C%20videos%2C%20podcasts%2C%20photo%20galleries%20&plt=446.1000003814697&it=1776809136768&coo=false&expv2[0]=pl0&expv2[1]=el2&expv2[2]=bc1&expv2[3]=ra2&expv2[4]=rp2&expv2[5]=ct2&expv2[6]=hf1&rqm=FGET — 200 — 196 B — 136 ms — h3https://n.clarity.ms/collectn.clarity.ms/collect https://n.clarity.ms/collect — 204 — 277 B — 323 ms — http/1.1https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RFE/img/webApp/favicon.icowww.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RF... https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RFE/img/webApp/favicon.ico — 200 — 925 B — 30 ms — h2https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RFE/img/webApp/ico-144x144.pngwww.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RF... https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RFE/img/webApp/ico-144x144.png — 200 — 2.6 KiB — 50 ms — h2https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RFE/img/webApp/favicon.svgwww.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RF... https://www.rferl.org/Content/responsive/RFE/img/webApp/favicon.svg — 200 — 984 B — 20 ms — h2https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=rferl.english&p=%2F&u=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&d=rferl.org&g=62557&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&g4=index&g7=1776809099000&n=1&f=00001&c=0.02&x=0&m=0&y=4336&o=1350&w=940&j=30&R=1&W=0&I=0&E=1&e=1&r=&PA=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&b=947&t=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&V=150&tz=0&_vi=&_vp=https://rfe-video-ns.akamaized.net/pangeavideo/2026/04/7/76/769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_240p.mp4&_vdd=video%40rferl.english&_vs=s2&_vt=ct&_vap=&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vd=10218&sn=2&sv=DPsjeXDkyLmABIRef-BGo7WCC5CJh1&sr=external&sd=1&im=061b2fff&_ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=rferl.eng... https://ping.chartbeat.net/ping?h=rferl.english&p=%2F&u=joZ_RY1jfeB7hajR&d=rferl.org&g=62557&g0=rfe%2Frl%20home%20page&g1=undefined&g4=index&g7=1776809099000&n=1&f=00001&c=0.02&x=0&m=0&y=4336&o=1350&w=940&j=30&R=1&W=0&I=0&E=1&e=1&r=&PA=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2F&b=947&t=BRJtQIC6KDeKB5uiKsDhXoclIKY&V=150&tz=0&_vi=&_vp=https://rfe-video-ns.akamaized.net/pangeavideo/2026/04/7/76/769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_240p.mp4&_vdd=video%40rferl.english&_vs=s2&_vt=ct&_vap=&_vtn=https%3A%2F%2Fgdb.rferl.org%2F769c00d0-6aba-4c2c-d7ab-08de3c914337_tv_w250_r1.jpg&_vd=10218&sn=2&sv=DPsjeXDkyLmABIRef-BGo7WCC5CJh1&sr=external&sd=1&im=061b2fff&_ — 200 — 200 B — 99 ms — h2https://n.clarity.ms/collectn.clarity.ms/collect https://n.clarity.ms/collect — 204 — 277 B — 100 ms — http/1.1
HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
100% of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party 1103ms · 914KB · €12/mo
Unattributable
Other
Optional
Execution 187ms
Transfer 0 KB
Monthly Cost €2/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 178ms
Transfer 169 KB
Unused 40%
Monthly Cost €2/mo
static.chartbeat.com
Other
Optional
Execution 168ms
Transfer 25 KB
Monthly Cost €2/mo
www.rferl.org
Other
Optional
Execution 144ms
Transfer 27 KB
Monthly Cost €2/mo
tags.rferl.org
Other
Optional
Execution 88ms
Transfer 35 KB
Monthly Cost €1/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 71ms
Transfer 156 KB
Unused 42%
Monthly Cost €1/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 58ms
Transfer 156 KB
Unused 41%
Monthly Cost €1/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 55ms
Transfer 150 KB
Unused 42%
Monthly Cost €1/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 52ms
Transfer 151 KB
Unused 44%
Monthly Cost €1/mo
www.rferl.org
Other
Optional
Execution 51ms
Transfer 21 KB
Monthly Cost €1/mo
Microsoft Clarity
Session Replay
Optional
Execution 51ms
Transfer 25 KB
Monthly Cost €1/mo

100% of JavaScript execution time is spent on third-party scripts. Consider auditing which scripts are essential.

Why this matters

When third-party JS execution time exceeds your own, performance gains from frontend work are capped by code you don't own.

Learn more ▾

Every millisecond of third-party JS competes with your own for main-thread time. If their share is bigger than yours, optimization on your code base barely moves the needle. Audit, defer, or remove third-parties before further frontend optimization. Use Lighthouse's third-party audit to identify the worst offenders.

Source: web.dev

How third-party costs are calculated

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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