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https://springernature.com

Performance

· 15 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
80
GRADE
B
FIX
3
REVIEW
4
PASS
6
INFO
2

Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates

Mobile Desktop
91
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
100
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
100
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
91
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

723 ms

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

1.87 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

56 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.007

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

992 ms

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

1.89 s

Page Load Progression

375 ms
750 ms
1.1 s
1.5 s
1.9 s
2.2 s
2.6 s
3.0 s
Checks
15
6 PASS 4 REVIEW 3 FIX
D
Third-Party Impact
Action
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
FIX
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Warning::
Third-party code accounts for 100% of page weight (1.3 MiB of 1.3 MiB)
Info::
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
100%
First-party Third-party
D
JS Bundles
Action
9 scripts, 359 KB unused
FIX
9 scripts, 359 KB unused
Warning::
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWh...: 242 KB unused (67%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMG...: 80 KB unused (46%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/...: 37 KB unused (33%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Info::
Total unused JavaScript: 359 KB
359 KB unused JavaScript

Downloaded but never executed on this page.

ScriptSizeUnusedMinifiedParty
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js362 KB242 KB (67%)✓3rd
https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6176 KB80 KB (46%)✓3rd
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.326.0111 KB37 KB (33%)✓3rd
https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.js42 KB—✓3rd
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.7.1.min.js30 KB—✓3rd
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery.bxslider.min.js?r=0.326.07 KB—✓3rd
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/charts-loader.js20 KB—✓3rd
https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js1 KB—✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6&gtg_health=10 KB—✓3rd

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

D
Page Weight Inventory
Action
33 resources · 1.3 MB · 359 KB savings available
FIX
33 resources · 1.3 MB · 359 KB savings available
Warning::
Page weight 334 KB over 1MB target
Got: 1.3 MB Expected: ≤ 1 MB
Info::
~359 KB of savings available
Warning::
32 third-party resources (100% of weight)
Info::
2 resources over 200KB
33 resources · 1.3 MiB · 32 third-party 333.5 KiB over 1MB target
JavaScript 55% · 749.4 KiB
Image 32% · 432.6 KiB
CSS 8% · 105.4 KiB
Font 4% · 47.8 KiB
Document 2% · 21.5 KiB
Other 0% · 883 B

~358.6 KiB of savings available

Remove unused JavaScript: 358.6 KiB
B
Page Weight Budget
1.3 MB transferred, 33 requests
REVIEW
1.3 MB transferred, 33 requests
Info::
Page weighs 4.3 MB (1.3 MB transferred)
Warning::
JavaScript is 749 KB — consider code splitting or lazy loading
Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
Got: 749 KB
Info::
33 HTTP requests
Info::
Estimated 0.28 g CO2 per page load
1.3 MB / 2.4 MB budget
1.3 MB transferred
33 requests
0.28 g CO2 per page load
JavaScript 749.4 KiB 55%
Images 428.5 KiB 32%
CSS 105.4 KiB 8%
Fonts 47.8 KiB 4%
HTML 21.0 KiB 2%
Other 4.9 KiB 0%
Other 633 B 0%
0 2.4 MB 4.9 MB
Under budget

Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.

Why this matters

JavaScript bundle is large — code-split routes and lazy-load off-screen components to defer.

Source: web.dev

B
Image Optimization
12 images, 0 KB saveable
REVIEW
12 images, 0 KB saveable
Warning::
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/image... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
12 images 429 KB
0 oversized -0 KB
7 legacy format
1 missing dimensions CLS risk

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

B
JS Execution Cost
894ms total JS execution
REVIEW
894ms total JS execution
Warning::
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scrip...: 270ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.springernature.com/gp: 169ms CPU time
Info::
https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMG...: 134ms CPU time
Info::
Unattributable: 93ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/...: 82ms CPU time
Warning::
Third-party scripts: 894ms (100% of total)

Main Thread Breakdown

Script Evaluation 43% Style & Layout 25% Other 13% Script Parsing & Compilation 11% Parse HTML & CSS 5% Rendering 4%
ScriptTotalScriptingParse/CompileParty
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.7.1.min.js270ms154ms3ms3rd
https://www.springernature.com/gp169ms6ms1ms3rd
https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6134ms109ms23ms3rd
Unattributable93ms5ms0ms3rd
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.326.082ms60ms21ms3rd
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js80ms40ms39ms3rd
https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.js67ms12ms6ms3rd
C
Green Hosting
Action
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
REVIEW

Green Hosting

No green hosting detected

A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
Font Loading
2 fonts (48 KB)
PASS
2 fonts (48 KB)
Info::
2 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

Web fonts

2

48 KB total

Render-blocking

0

of 2

Dominant font-display

swap

Most common across fonts

Font loading timeline
Transfer FOIT (block) FOUT (swap)
0 ms 500 ms 1.0 s 1.5 s FCP 723 ms LCP 1.9 shttps://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4-dd9c269fc229.woff2fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4-dd9c269fc229.woff2 — 24.2 KiB — 6 ms — font-display: swaphttps://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c-0128885fa6d8.woff2eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c-0128885fa6d8.woff2 — 23.5 KiB — 9 ms — font-display: swap
fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4... woff2 swap
Size 24 KB
Load time 6 ms
Start 305 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c... woff2 swap
Size 24 KB
Load time 9 ms
Start 306 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
Optimization checklist
  • Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
  • Use woff2 format for all fonts
  • Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
  • Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)
A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
No optimization needed
PASS
No optimization needed
Info::
No resource hint issues
A
HTTP Caching
max-age=3600 (1 hour)
PASS
max-age=3600 (1 hour)
Info::
Cache-Control header is set
Got: max-age=3600
Info::
Effective TTL: 1 hour (max-age=3600)
Info::
No ETag or Last-Modified header
Conditional requests (304 Not Modified) are not possible without validators.
Cache-Control

max-age=3600

DirectiveValueMeaning
max-age3600Cache for 1 hour
Effective TTL: 3600 seconds
Network Waterfall
33 requests over 1054ms
INFO
0 ms 500 ms 1.0 s 1.5 s FCP 723 ms LCP 1.9 shttps://springernature.com// https://springernature.com/ — 301 — 250 B — 16 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/www.springernature.com/ https://www.springernature.com/ — 302 — 378 B — 43 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/gp/www.springernature.com/gp/ https://www.springernature.com/gp/ — 301 — 161 B — 5 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/gpwww.springernature.com/gp https://www.springernature.com/gp — 200 — 21.0 KiB — 5 ms — h3https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.jscmp.springernature.com/production_l... https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.js — 200 — 42.1 KiB — 40 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians.css?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians.css?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 53.1 KiB — 15 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.svgwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.svg — 200 — 1.2 KiB — 11 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature-mobile.svgwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature-mobile.svg — 200 — 1.2 KiB — 11 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature_white.svgwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature_white.svg — 200 — 2.2 KiB — 9 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.7.1.min.jswww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.7.1.min.js — 200 — 30.1 KiB — 10 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery.bxslider.min.js?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery.bxslider.min.js?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 6.6 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/charts-loader.jswww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/charts-loader.js — 200 — 19.9 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 111.2 KiB — 17 ms — h3https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.jswww.google.com/recaptcha/api.js https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js — 200 — 1012 B — 26 ms — h3https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=G... https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6 — 200 — 175.7 KiB — 74 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians-print.css?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians-print.css?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 52.3 KiB — 12 ms — h3data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F><svg width='1024px' height='768px…data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml ver... data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F><svg width='1024px' height='768px… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg id='Capa_1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 612.08 612.08…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 6... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg id='Capa_1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 612.08 612.08… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32' %3E%3Cpath fill='%…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32' %3E%3Cpath fill='%… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datahttps://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4-dd9c269fc229.woff2www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4-dd9c269fc229.woff2 — 200 — 24.2 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c-0128885fa6d8.woff2www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c-0128885fa6d8.woff2 — 200 — 23.5 KiB — 9 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/favicon/manifest.jsonwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/favicon/manifest.json — 200 — 633 B — 9 ms — h3https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.jswww.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/... https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js — 200 — 362.4 KiB — 26 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/bx_loader.gifwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/bx_loader.gif — 200 — 8.8 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6&gtg_health=1www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=... https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6&gtg_health=1 — 200 — 392 B — 15 ms — h2https://sgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp?en=banner_visible&ec=undefined&dl=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.springernature.com%252Fgp&dr=&dt=Springer%20Nature&sr=800x600&gtmid=GTM-MJMGSX6sgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp... https://sgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp?en=banner_visible&ec=undefined&dl=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.springernature.com%252Fgp&dr=&dt=Springer%20Nature&sr=800x600&gtmid=GTM-MJMGSX6 — 200 — 162 B — 24 ms — h2
0 ms 500 ms 1.0 s 1.5 s FCP 723 ms LCP 1.9 shttps://springernature.com// https://springernature.com/ — 301 — 250 B — 16 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/www.springernature.com/ https://www.springernature.com/ — 302 — 378 B — 43 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/gp/www.springernature.com/gp/ https://www.springernature.com/gp/ — 301 — 161 B — 5 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/gpwww.springernature.com/gp https://www.springernature.com/gp — 200 — 21.0 KiB — 5 ms — h3https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.jscmp.springernature.com/production_l... https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.js — 200 — 42.1 KiB — 40 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians.css?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians.css?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 53.1 KiB — 15 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.svgwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.svg — 200 — 1.2 KiB — 11 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature-mobile.svgwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature-mobile.svg — 200 — 1.2 KiB — 11 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature_white.svgwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature_white.svg — 200 — 2.2 KiB — 9 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.7.1.min.jswww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.7.1.min.js — 200 — 30.1 KiB — 10 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery.bxslider.min.js?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery.bxslider.min.js?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 6.6 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/charts-loader.jswww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/charts-loader.js — 200 — 19.9 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 111.2 KiB — 17 ms — h3https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.jswww.google.com/recaptcha/api.js https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js — 200 — 1012 B — 26 ms — h3https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=G... https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6 — 200 — 175.7 KiB — 74 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians-print.css?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians-print.css?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 52.3 KiB — 12 ms — h3data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F><svg width='1024px' height='768px…data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml ver... data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F><svg width='1024px' height='768px… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg id='Capa_1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 612.08 612.08…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 6... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg id='Capa_1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 612.08 612.08… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32' %3E%3Cpath fill='%…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32' %3E%3Cpath fill='%… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datahttps://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4-dd9c269fc229.woff2www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4-dd9c269fc229.woff2 — 200 — 24.2 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c-0128885fa6d8.woff2www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c-0128885fa6d8.woff2 — 200 — 23.5 KiB — 9 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/favicon/manifest.jsonwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/favicon/manifest.json — 200 — 633 B — 9 ms — h3https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.jswww.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/... https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js — 200 — 362.4 KiB — 26 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/bx_loader.gifwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/bx_loader.gif — 200 — 8.8 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6&gtg_health=1www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=... https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6&gtg_health=1 — 200 — 392 B — 15 ms — h2https://sgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp?en=banner_visible&ec=undefined&dl=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.springernature.com%252Fgp&dr=&dt=Springer%20Nature&sr=800x600&gtmid=GTM-MJMGSX6sgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp... https://sgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp?en=banner_visible&ec=undefined&dl=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.springernature.com%252Fgp&dr=&dt=Springer%20Nature&sr=800x600&gtmid=GTM-MJMGSX6 — 200 — 162 B — 24 ms — h2https://cms-resources.apps.public.k8s.springernature.io/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/19086182/data/v9cms-resources.apps.public.k8s.sprin... https://cms-resources.apps.public.k8s.springernature.io/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/19086182/data/v9 — 200 — 178.2 KiB — 58 ms — h2https://cms-resources.apps.public.k8s.springernature.io/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/27838890/data/v1cms-resources.apps.public.k8s.sprin... https://cms-resources.apps.public.k8s.springernature.io/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/27838890/data/v1 — 200 — 236.8 KiB — 64 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/favicon/favicon.icowww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/favicon/favicon.ico — 200 — 4.1 KiB — 6 ms — h3
HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
100% of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party 894ms · 742KB · €14/mo
www.springernature.com
Other
Costly
Execution 270ms
Transfer 30 KB
Monthly Cost €4/mo
www.springernature.com
Other
Optional
Execution 169ms
Transfer 21 KB
Monthly Cost €3/mo
sgtm.springernature.com
Other
Optional
Execution 134ms
Transfer 176 KB
Unused 46%
Monthly Cost €2/mo
Unattributable
Other
Optional
Execution 93ms
Transfer 0 KB
Monthly Cost €1/mo
www.springernature.com
Other
Optional
Execution 82ms
Transfer 111 KB
Unused 33%
Monthly Cost €1/mo
www.gstatic.com
Other
Optional
Execution 80ms
Transfer 362 KB
Unused 67%
Monthly Cost €1/mo
cmp.springernature.com
Other
Optional
Execution 67ms
Transfer 42 KB
Monthly Cost €1/mo

These scripts may cost more than they're worth

  • www.springernature.com adds 270ms and costs ~€4/month

100% of JavaScript execution time is spent on third-party scripts. Consider auditing which scripts are essential.

Why this matters

When third-party JS execution time exceeds your own, performance gains from frontend work are capped by code you don't own.

Learn more ▾

Every millisecond of third-party JS competes with your own for main-thread time. If their share is bigger than yours, optimization on your code base barely moves the needle. Audit, defer, or remove third-parties before further frontend optimization. Use Lighthouse's third-party audit to identify the worst offenders.

Source: web.dev

www.springernature.com takes 270ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

67% of www.gstatic.com's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.

Why this matters

Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.

Source: web.dev

How third-party costs are calculated

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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