Infrastructure
· 9 checks — DNS, redirects, IPv6, crawlability, URL variants, and domain intelligence rolled into one auditable list.FRedirect ChainAction5 redirect(s), 637 ms totalFIX
https://oed.com
107 ms · HTTP/1.1
https://www.oed.com/
226 ms · HTTP/1.1
https://www.oed.com/oauth2/authorization...
56 ms · HTTP/1.1
https://oup2-idp.sams-sigma.com/authoriz...
148 ms · HTTP/1.1
https://www.oed.com/auth/login?error=log...
44 ms · HTTP/1.1
https://www.oed.com/?tl=true
57 ms · HTTP/1.1 FINAL
| # | URL | Status | Time | Protocol | Server |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | https://oed.com | 301 | 107 ms | HTTP/1.1 | Apache |
| 2 | https://www.oed.com/ | 302 | 226 ms | HTTP/1.1 | Apache |
| 3 | https://www.oed.com/oauth2/authorization... | 302 | 56 ms | HTTP/1.1 | Apache |
| 4 | https://oup2-idp.sams-sigma.com/authoriz... | 302 | 148 ms | HTTP/1.1 | cloudflare |
| 5 | https://www.oed.com/auth/login?error=log... | 302 | 44 ms | HTTP/1.1 | Apache |
| 6 | https://www.oed.com/?tl=true | 200 | 57 ms | HTTP/1.1 | Apache |
See the visual redirect chain in the HTTP Probe tab →
Each redirect adds latency. Try to minimize the chain to 1 hop.
Redirect chain — each hop adds latency; combine into one redirect where possible.
Source: Google Search Central / web.dev
If permanent, use 301 instead.
302 (Found) is for genuinely temporary redirects — if this redirect is permanent, switch to 301 to preserve SEO equity.
Learn more ▾ ▴
Search engines treat 302 as temporary, keeping the original URL indexed and not transferring full link equity to the destination. Use 301 (Moved Permanently) for permanent redirects (HTTP→HTTPS, www-vs-non-www, URL restructures).
Source: Google Search Central
DCDN & DeliveryActionNo CDN detectedFIX
Consider using a CDN to improve global delivery speed and reduce origin load.
CIPv6 ReadinessActionNo IPv6 supportREVIEW
IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.
No AAAA records — same impact as 'no IPv6 (AAAA) records'; IPv6-preferring clients pay extra latency falling back to IPv4.
Source: Google IPv6 stats
CCrawlabilityActionrobots.txt present, sitemap with 0 URLsREVIEW
Search engines may not be able to parse the sitemap. Fix XML validation errors.
An unparseable sitemap is silently ignored by Google — the URLs it advertises are never queued for crawl.
Learn more ▾ ▴
Google's sitemap parser is strict about XML validity. A single unescaped `&` or unclosed tag invalidates the whole file. Run your sitemap through a validator (Search Console's Sitemaps report flags it) and fix the offending entry. Most generators escape correctly; mistakes usually come from manually-written entries.
Source: sitemaps.org / Google Search Central
An empty sitemap provides no value. Add <url> entries for your pages.
An empty sitemap signals 'no content to index' to Google — actively harmful versus having no sitemap at all.
Learn more ▾ ▴
Google compares URLs in the sitemap against URLs it has crawled. An empty sitemap on a site with thousands of pages signals abandonment. Either populate it correctly (most CMSes auto-generate) or delete the file and let Google crawl normally.
Source: Google Search Central / sitemaps.org
Add a 'Sitemap:' directive to robots.txt so search engines can discover your sitemap.
robots.txt omits Sitemap: directive — crawlers must fetch /sitemap.xml by convention; reliable but missing the explicit hint.
Source: sitemaps.org
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script>
var idqCookieExpiryTimeMin = 1440;
</script>
<script>
var netInsightDto = {"oisbn":"9780198605553","isbn":null,"doi":null,"siqItemTitle":null,"siqItemPubDate":null,"siqAccessType":"Open","keyword":null,"authnips":null,"supplier_tag":"IDM","siteid":"OED","authzrequired":false,"event_type":"other","record_id":null,"object_type":null,"result_click":false,"num_results":null,"turnaway_id":null,"account_id":null,"account_list":null,"authentication_method":null};
if (netInsightDto != null ) {
var cleanNetInsightDto = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(netInsightDto).filter(([name, value]) => value !== null)
.map(function([name, value]) {
if(name.toLowerCase().search("date") !== -1)
return [name, new Date(value).toISOString()];
else
return [name, value];
}));
var NTPT_PGEXTRA = Object.keys(cleanNetInsightDto).map(key => key + '=' + encodeURIComponent(cleanNetInsightDto[key])).join('&');
}
var debounceTimer = 500;
</script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
dataLayer.push(cleanNetInsightDto);
</script>
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-W55924M');
</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<meta content="IE=edge,chrome=1" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"/>
<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
<meta content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0;" name="viewport"/>
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow">
<meta name="description" content="The OED is the definitive record of the English language, featuring 600,000 words, 3 million quotations, and over 1,000 years of English.">
<title>Oxford English Dictionary</title>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.oed.com/"/>
<!-- Define the page logo -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/images/icons/apple-touch-icon.png" sizes="180x180">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/images/icons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/images/icons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16">
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/images/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5">
<link rel="icon" href="/images/icons/favicon.ico">
<link rel="manifest" href="/images/icons/manifest.json">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" rel="preconnect"/>
<link
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Serif+Display:ital@0;1&family=Lora:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700&family=Open+Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700;1,800&display=swap"
rel="stylesheet"
/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/oup.css?version=1.53" type="text/css"/>
<script src="/js/jquery-3.7.1.min.js?version=1.53"></script>
<script src="/js/js.cookie.min.js?version=1.53"></script>
<script src="/js/chart-3.8.0.js?version=1.53"></script>
<script src="/js/popper.min.js?version=1.53"></script>
<script src="/js/tippy-bundle.umd.min.js?version=1.53"></script>
<script src="/js/main.js?version=1.53"></script>
<script src="/js/api.js?version=1.53"></script>
<script src="/js/idm.js?version=1.53"></script>
<script src="/js/common.js?version=1.53"></script>
</head>
<body id="homePage">
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<noscript>
<iframe src=https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W55924M
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe>
</noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<div id="skipToMainContainer" class="skipToMainContainerHidden">
<div class="wrapper">
<a id="skipToMainLink" href="javascript:{}" tabindex="1">Skip to main content</a>
</div>
</div>
<header class="siteHeader">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="siteName">
<img class="oxfordSolus" alt="Oxford" src="/images/oxford.svg" />
</div>
<div class="headerRight">
<a class="informationMenuLink" href="/information/">
<img src="/images/info-white.svg" alt="More informations" />
</button>
</a>
<div class="accountButtonAndStatus">
<button aria-expanded="false" aria-describedby="signedInAs" class="modalTrigger accountToggleButton" data-trigger-for="accountModal" type="button"><img alt="account" src="/images/account-white.svg" /></button>
</div>
<a class="advancedSearchLink" href="/search/advanced/Entries">Advanced search</a>
<button id="AIOverlay" aria-expanded="false" class="modalTrigger" data-trigger-for="modalAI" aria-describedby="AISearchAssistantLink">
<img class="icon" src="/images/spark-white.svg" alt="AI Search Assistant"/>
<span id="AISearchAssistantLink">AI Search Assistant</span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<main class="main home">
<div class="row searchRow">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="homeSearch">
<h1 class="visually-hidden">Oxford English Dictionary</h1>
<img alt="Oxford English Dictionary" class="siteLogo siteLogo1" src="images/logo3.svg"/>
<form class="siteSearchBox" id="search-form" method="GET" action="/search/dictionary/"
role="search">
<div class="scope">
<select aria-label="search scope" class="autocompleteScope" id="search-scope" name="scope">
<option value="Entries">Dictionary</option>
<option value="HistoricalThesaurus">Historical Thesaurus</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="searchInputAndButton">
<input aria-label="search query" size="1" autocomplete="off" id="query" name="q" type="text"/>
<button class="submitSearch" value="search">
<img alt="search" src="images/search.svg"/>
</button>
<div>
<div class="headerAutocomplete" id="autocompleteModal" style="display: none;">
<div class="autocompleteResultsDictionary autocompleteResults">
<div class="autocompleteType autocompleteWordsAndPhrases">
<!--<h3>Words and phrases</h3>-->
<ul id="dictionary-autocomplete">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="autocompleteResultsThesaurus autocompleteResults" style="display: none;">
<div class="autocompleteType autocompleteWords">
<!--<h3>Words</h3>-->
<ul id="thesaurus-autocomplete">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row sitePurpose">
<div class="wrapper">
<h2>The historical English dictionary</h2>
<p>An unsurpassed guide for researchers in any discipline to the meaning, history, and usage of over 500,000 words and phrases across the English-speaking world.</p>
<a href="/information/about-the-oed" class="callToAction">Find out more about OED</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row featuresRow">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="feature">
<h2>Understanding entries</h2>
<p><p>Glossaries, abbreviations, pronunciation guides, frequency, symbols, and more</p>
</p>
<a href="/information/understanding-entries/" class="callToAction">Explore resources</a>
</div>
<!-- Custom panel between panel 1 and 3 -->
<div class="feature">
<h2>Historical Thesaurus</h2>
<p>Explore different words used for the same concept or meaning over time</p>
<a href="/thesaurus/start" class="callToAction">About the thesaurus</a>
</div>
<div class="feature">
<h2>Personal account</h2>
<p><p>Change display settings, save searches and purchase subscriptions</p>
</p>
<a href="/information/get-help-with-access/individual-account/" class="callToAction">Account features</a>
</div>
<!-- Custom panel between panel 1 and 3 -->
<!-- Custom panel between panel 1 and 3 -->
</div>
</div>
<div class="row wordy">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="recent">
<h2>Recently added</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/dictionary/checked-swing_n">checked swing</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/dictionary/drop-spindle_n">drop spindle</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/dictionary/direct-drive_n">direct-drive</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/dictionary/drop-ceiling_n">drop ceiling</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/dictionary/longbed_adj">longbed</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/dictionary/cross-tab_n">cross-tab</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/dictionary/chugging_adj">chugging</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/dictionary/metagenomics_n">metagenomics</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/dictionary/en-femme_adv">en femme</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/dictionary/upper-stage_n">upper stage</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/dictionary/cross-index_n">cross index</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/dictionary/coffee-ring_n">coffee ring</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/dictionary/crosswordese_n">crosswordese</a>
</li>
<li>
<
BTLS Certificate Expiry & Recommendations194 days until leaf cert expires — 3 issues to addressREVIEW
Certificate validity
Recommended actions
- Submit your domain to hstspreload.org to be added to the Chrome preload list
- Enable DNSSEC on your domain for DNS spoofing protection
- Enable OCSP stapling on your TLS server to remove a CA roundtrip and protect user privacy
A+DNS Records2 A records, 51 ms lookupPASS
| A | 34.249.169.87, 54.77.149.173 |
| AAAA | — |
| CNAME | — |
| NS | ns-1343.awsdns-39.org, ns-1885.awsdns-43.co.uk, ns-697.awsdns-23.net, ns-398.awsdns-49.com |
| MX | — |
| TXT | google-site-verification=s2n57iOsFHphr3F8xea4JZv4UwTihY3ovf2rrhZMc7c mgy7xld8xxhm0qrrrpsbds8w6qnw4h4m ql3sg2wbqj45xbz46qmwg7wdpn6198zr |
| CAA | Lookup not available with standard resolver |
CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.
Informational: CAA (Certification Authority Authorization) records weren't checked in this scan.
SPF helps prevent email spoofing. Add a TXT record starting with 'v=spf1'.
Without SPF, receiving servers can't validate sending IPs — your domain is easier to spoof in phishing.
Learn more ▾ ▴
SPF complements DMARC. Both should be published. SPF records list authorized sending IPs (e.g., `v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all` for Google Workspace). After publishing, verify in Google Postmaster Tools or mxtoolbox.
Source: RFC 7208 (SPF)
A+URL Variantswww/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPSPASS
www / non-www
Preferred variant: non-www
HTTP → HTTPS
Consistent
ADomain Intelligenceoed.com — via CSC Corporate Domains, Inc., 31 years, 3 months old, hosted on AWSPASS
EXPIRED
June 7, 2026
194 days
Issued by Amazon
31 years, 3 months
Registered June 8, 1995
Not enabled
Protects against DNS spoofing
AWS
ASN AS16509
34.249.169.87
CSC Corporate Domains, Inc.
Expiry timeline
Recommended actions
- Domain has EXPIRED — renew immediately to avoid total site outage
- Enable DNSSEC to protect visitors from DNS spoofing
- Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) to block unauthorized domain transfers
Consider enabling auto-renewal to prevent accidental expiration.
Domain expiry approaching — renew immediately and ensure auto-renew + alerting are configured.
Source: ICANN renewal policy
DNSSEC protects against DNS spoofing attacks. While not required, enabling DNSSEC adds an additional layer of security. Contact your DNS provider to enable it.
Without DNSSEC, an attacker who can poison your DNS can hijack your domain — and SSL certs alone don't stop them.
Learn more ▾ ▴
DNSSEC adds cryptographic signatures to DNS records, preventing forged responses from poisoning resolver caches. Without it, an attacker who controls the network path can redirect your domain to a malicious server before any HTTPS handshake happens. Most modern registrars (Cloudflare, Google Domains, Route 53) enable it with one toggle.
Source: ICANN / RFC 4033
The domain can be transferred without an unlock step. Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) in your registrar's control panel to protect against unauthorized or accidental transfers.
Without registrar lock, an attacker who phishes your registrar credentials can transfer the domain in minutes — total brand hijack.
Learn more ▾ ▴
Registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited, clientUpdateProhibited, clientDeleteProhibited) requires extra verification before any transfer/update/delete. Every major registrar offers it free. Combined with 2FA on your registrar account, it's the strongest defense against domain hijacking.
Source: ICANN / domain-security best practice