Accessibility

· 13 checks — Landmarks, headings, alt text, forms, and link quality rolled into one auditable list.

SCORE

GRADE

FIX

REVIEW

PASS

INFO

Checks

3 PASS 6 REVIEW 4 FIX

Web Manifest

Action

Valid manifest

FIX

Valid manifest

Name present: My app

192x192 icon present

PWA Install Criteria Not Installable

Name My app ✓192×192 icon ✓512×512 icon ✗Start URL ✗Display Mode ✗

Name My app Icons 6 icon(s)

Dark Mode Support

Action

Theme color only

FIX

Theme color only

Theme-color present but no dark variant

A theme-color is set but no dark-specific variant was found. The browser toolbar may not adapt for dark mode users.

Got: #ffffff

No dark mode signals detected

Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles

External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.

Dark ModePartial Dark Mode

color-scheme meta Not set ✗Dark theme-color Not set ✗CSS indicators Not detected ✗

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles.

Print Stylesheet

Action

No print styles

FIX

No print styles

No print-specific styles detected

When users print this page, they get the screen layout including navigation and non-essential elements. Add @media print rules to hide navigation and optimize layout for paper.

Print Stylesheet No Print Styles

Print stylesheet Not found ✗Inline @media print Not detected ✗

Navigation UX

Action

No navigation patterns

FIX

No navigation patterns

4 navigation landmark(s) detected

No breadcrumbs, search, or skip link detected

These navigation aids help users orient themselves and find content efficiently, especially on large sites.

Breadcrumbs

Skip Link

Labeled Navigation 4 <nav> element(s)

Hamburger Menu

Sticky Navigation Cannot reliably detect (CSS-based)

1 of 6 testable patterns navigation patterns detected. Limited navigation support. Consider adding breadcrumbs, search, and skip link.

Landmark Structure

8 landmarks

REVIEW

8 landmarks

<main> landmark present

4 <nav> landmark(s) found

4 of 4 <nav> elements are unlabeled

Multiple navigations need aria-label to distinguish them for screen readers.

Skip navigation link is missing (WCAG 2.4.1)

Add a skip link as the first focusable element so keyboard users can bypass repeated navigation.

Page Structure — as a screen reader sees it

Multiple navigations need aria-label to distinguish them for screen readers.

Why this matters

Some <nav> elements lack aria-label — screen-reader users hear 'navigation' multiple times with no way to distinguish them.

Learn more ▾

When a page has multiple <nav> regions (primary, footer, breadcrumb), each needs aria-label or aria-labelledby. AT users navigate by landmark; identical 'navigation' announcements force them to enter each one to discover purpose.

Source: WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices

Add a skip link as the first focusable element so keyboard users can bypass repeated navigation.

Why this matters

Without a skip-nav link, keyboard users tab through every nav item before reaching content — every page, every visit.

Learn more ▾

WCAG 2.4.1 (Bypass Blocks) requires a mechanism to skip past repeated content. The standard implementation is a 'Skip to main content' link that's the first focusable element, visually hidden until focused. Three lines of HTML + four of CSS.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 2.4.1

Form Accessibility

Action

3 of 3 controls have issues

REVIEW

3 of 3 controls have issues

1 control(s) without accessible label

Form controls need a <label>, aria-label, or aria-labelledby for screen readers.

Got: <input type="image" id="siteSearchbox_submit">

2 control(s) rely on placeholder only

Placeholder text disappears on focus and is not a reliable label.

Got: <input type="search" name="query" id="sitesearchbox">; <input type="search" name="query" id="sitesearchbox_m">

3 controls

0 labeled

2 placeholder only

1 unlabeled

Control	Type	Label	Method
#sitesearchbox	search	(Search)	placeholder only
#sitesearchbox_m	search	(Search)	placeholder only
#siteSearchbox_submit	image	(none)	none

Form controls need a <label>, aria-label, or aria-labelledby for screen readers.

Why this matters

Form controls without labels — assistive tech announces 'edit text' with no context; users can't complete forms.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 3.3.2

Placeholder text disappears on focus and is not a reliable label.

Why this matters

Placeholder-only labels disappear when the user starts typing — they must remember what the field was for.

Learn more ▾

Placeholders are NOT labels. They vanish on input, fail color contrast checks (most are gray), and don't satisfy WCAG SC 3.3.2. Always use a real <label> alongside (or aria-labelledby).

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 3.3.2 / Nielsen Norman

404 Error Page

HTTP 404, custom page

REVIEW

HTTP 404, custom page

Correct 404 status code returned

Got: HTTP 404

Custom styled 404 page

Navigation links present on 404 page

404 Page Quality ✓ Custom 404 Page

Status Code HTTP 404 ✓Page Title CUHK :: The page cannot be found ✓Custom Styling ✓Navigation ✓Homepage Link ✗Search Form ✗

Favicon & Branding

12 icon(s) detected

REVIEW

12 icon(s) detected

favicon.ico present at site root

HTML icon links detected

Apple touch icon present

Multiple icon sizes detected

✓ favicon.ico Present

✓ PNG Icons Present

✓ Apple Touch Present

✗ SVG Favicon Missing

✓ Manifest Icons Present

✓ Multiple Sizes Present

Color Contrast (Screenshot)

Action

20 text elements analyzed, 10 fail WCAG AA

REVIEW

Analyzes text contrast against the actual rendered page, including background images, gradients, and overlays that CSS-based tools cannot detect.

10 pass 10 fail WCAG AA

a Library

1.76:1

#000000

#6F0F15

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · top of page (header area)

a CUHK A-Z

2.03:1

#000000

#80141A

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · top of page (header area)

a Giving to CUHK

2.51:1

#000000

#981A23

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · above the fold

a Shortcuts

2.30:1

#000000

#8F161F

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · above the fold

a Postgraduate Admissions

2.13:1

#000000

#85161C

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · above the fold

a Undergraduate Admissions

2.08:1

#000000

#6E1E6F

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · above the fold

a University Almanac

2.08:1

#000000

#6E1E6F

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · above the fold

a Registration & Examinations

2.99:1

#000000

#764393

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · mid-page

a Student Job Link

2.99:1

#000000

#764393

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · mid-page

a Email

2.99:1

#000000

#764393

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · mid-page

Show all checked elements (20)

Element	Ratio	Required	FG	BG	Result
h1 News	12.77:1	3.0:1	#000000	#D6C7BE	Pass
title The Chinese Universi…	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
a MyCUHK	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
a Library	1.76:1	4.5:1	#000000	#6F0F15	Fail
a CUHK A-Z	2.03:1	4.5:1	#000000	#80141A	Fail
a Giving to CUHK	2.51:1	4.5:1	#000000	#981A23	Fail
a Shortcuts	2.30:1	4.5:1	#000000	#8F161F	Fail
a Postgraduate Admissi…	2.13:1	4.5:1	#000000	#85161C	Fail
a Undergraduate Admiss…	2.08:1	4.5:1	#000000	#6E1E6F	Fail
a University Almanac	2.08:1	4.5:1	#000000	#6E1E6F	Fail
a Facts and Figures	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
a ITSC	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
a Library	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
a Knowledge Transfer	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
a University Publicati…	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
a CU Learning Manageme…	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
a Registration & Exami…	2.99:1	4.5:1	#000000	#764393	Fail
a Student Job Link	2.99:1	4.5:1	#000000	#764393	Fail
a Email	2.99:1	4.5:1	#000000	#764393	Fail
a System Availability	14.31:1	4.5:1	#000000	#D9D7B2	Pass

Methodology: The top 20 text elements by font size were checked. Background color was sampled from the desktop screenshot using a 5-point pattern. WCAG 2.1 AA requires 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.

Lighthouse Accessibility Audits

Score 85/100 — 3 failing, 22 passed

REVIEW

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

ARIA

Some ARIA parent roles must contain specific child roles to perform their intended accessibility functions. Learn more about roles and required children elements.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Conversations with four distinguished leaders Honorary graduates of 96th Congre… `main > section#feature-container > div#feature > div.carousel-inner`
CUHK SWK International Conference on “Enhancing Social Inclusion and Sustainabi… `section#upcoming-events > div#upcoming-content > div#upcoming-page-wrapper > div.carousel-inner`

When an input field doesn't have an accessible name, screen readers announce it with a generic name, making it unusable for users who rely on screen readers. Learn more about input field labels.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Conversations with four distinguished leaders Honorary graduates of 96th Congre… `main > section#feature-container > div#feature > div.carousel-inner`
CUHK SWK International Conference on “Enhancing Social Inclusion and Sustainabi… `section#upcoming-events > div#upcoming-content > div#upcoming-page-wrapper > div.carousel-inner`

These are opportunities to improve the usage of ARIA in your application which may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Best practices

Disabling zooming is problematic for users with low vision who rely on screen magnification to properly see the contents of a web page. Learn more about the viewport meta tag.

Why this matters

Informational: a Permissions-Policy directive showing feature -> allowed origins.

Source: MDN Permissions-Policy

Failing Elements
head > meta `head > meta`

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links have a discernible name

●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order

●Document has a main landmark.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

●Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Form elements have associated labels

○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Identical links have the same purpose.

○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

A+

Heading Hierarchy

1 headings

PASS

1 headings

Single H1 present

H1 News

A+

Alt Text Quality

All 20 images OK

PASS

All 20 images OK

20 image(s) with good alt text

20 images 20 good alt text

All images have appropriate alt text.

Link & Button Quality

145 links, 2 buttons — all OK

PASS

145 links, 2 buttons — all OK

46 link(s) open in new tab without warning

Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.

Got: http://portal.cuhk.edu.hk/; http://www.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en; https://www.gs.cuhk.edu.hk/admissions/; http://admission.cuhk.edu.hk/; https://www.res.cuhk.edu.hk/general-information/almanac/; http://www.iso.cuhk.edu.hk/english/publications/facts-and-figures/; http://www.itsc.cuhk.edu.hk/; http://www.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en; https://kto.cuhk.edu.hk/; https://blackboard.cuhk.edu.hk/ (+36 more)

99 link(s) with descriptive text

145 links

0 empty

0 generic text

46 new tab

0 empty buttons

Element	Text	Issue	Suggested Fix
http://portal.cuhk.edu.hk/	MyCUHK	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://www.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en	Library	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.gs.cuhk.edu.hk/admissions/	Postgraduate Admissions	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://admission.cuhk.edu.hk/	Undergraduate Admissions	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.res.cuhk.edu.hk/general-info…	University Almanac	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://www.iso.cuhk.edu.hk/english/publi…	Facts and Figures	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://www.itsc.cuhk.edu.hk/	ITSC	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://www.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en	Library	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://kto.cuhk.edu.hk/	Knowledge Transfer	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://blackboard.cuhk.edu.hk/	CU Learning Management System	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://www.res.cuhk.edu.hk/en-gb/	Registration & Examinations	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://cpdc.osa.cuhk.edu.hk/student/log…	Student Job Link	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/o365	Email	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.itsc.cuhk.edu.hk/en/service-…	System Availability	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.hro.cuhk.edu.hk/en-GB/career…	Career Opportunities	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/strategicplan/cuh…	Strategic Plan 2021—2025	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ugallery/en/zone-…	Milestones	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://cuhk.canto.global/v/CUHKVisuals/…	CUHK Visuals	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://admission.cuhk.edu.hk/	Undergraduate Studies	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.gs.cuhk.edu.hk/admissions/	Postgraduate Studies	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://www.scs.cuhk.edu.hk/en	Sub-degree and Continuing Educ…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://www.oal.cuhk.edu.hk	Exchange Programmes	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://www.summer.cuhk.edu.hk/	Summer Programmes	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.zsims.cuhk.edu.hk/en/	Zhizhen School of Interdiscipl…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://research.cuhk.edu.hk/	Institutional Research Informa…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://apps.cuhk.edu.hk/cuhkwebsite/rss/…	RSS News	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/strategicplan/cuh…	Strategic Plan 2021—2025	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.hro.cuhk.edu.hk/en-gb/career…	Senior Appointments	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.oalmr.cuhk.edu.hk/en/mainlan…	CUHK Beijing Centre	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.oalmr.cuhk.edu.hk/en/mainlan…	CUHK Shanghai Centre	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
/english/others/campus-operations-under-…	Campus Operations Under Advers…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.cuhk.edu.cn/en	The Chinese University of Hong…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
http://www.oal.cuhk.edu.hk/international…	APRU - The Voice of Knowledge …	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.eoc.org.hk/en/news-and-event…	The Racial Diversity and Inclu…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.web-accessibility.hk/en/	Triple Gold Award at the Web A…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.web-accessibility.hk/en/	Elderly-friendly Award at the …	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://caringcompany.org.hk/	10 Years plus Caring Organisat…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.ugc.edu.hk/eng/ugc/site/fund…	Government-Funded Organisation	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.facebook.com/CUHKofficial	Find us on CUHK Official Faceb…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.youtube.com/user/CUHKchannel	Subscribe to CUHK YouTube Chan…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.instagram.com/thechineseuniv…	Follow us on CUHK Instagram	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.linkedin.com/school/13045	Connect with us on CUHK Linked…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://twitter.com/cuhkofficial	Connect with us on CUHK Twitte…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.weibo.com/cuhkofficial	CUHK Sina Weibo	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.xiaohongshu.com/user/profile…	Xiaohongshu	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.hro.cuhk.edu.hk/en-gb/career…	Career Opportunities	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text

101 links and buttons have descriptive text

Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.

http://portal.cuhk.edu.hk/; http://www.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en; https://www.gs.cuhk.edu.hk/admissions/; http://admission.cuhk.edu.hk/; https://www.res.cuhk.edu.hk/general-information/almanac/; http://www.iso.cuhk.edu.hk/english/publications/facts-and-figures/; http://www.itsc.cuhk.edu.hk/; http://www.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en; https://kto.cuhk.edu.hk/; https://blackboard.cuhk.edu.hk/ (+36 more)

Why this matters

Links with target="_blank" without rel="noopener" leak the originating page's window context — security and UX issue.

Learn more ▾

Without rel="noopener", the new tab can navigate the original tab via window.opener (tab-nabbing attack). Modern browsers default to noopener for target=_blank but only since recent versions. Always set rel="noopener noreferrer" explicitly.

Source: MDN target / OWASP

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.