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https://edutopia.org

Performance

· 15 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
72
GRADE
C
FIX
4
REVIEW
3
PASS
6
INFO
2

Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates

Mobile Desktop
81
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
87
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
81
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
100
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

928 ms

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

2.04 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

218 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.001

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

1.14 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

2.82 s

Page Load Progression

375 ms
750 ms
1.1 s
1.5 s
1.9 s
2.2 s
2.6 s
3.0 s
Checks
15
6 PASS 3 REVIEW 4 FIX
D
Third-Party Impact
Action
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
FIX
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Warning::
Third-party code accounts for 100% of page weight (2.0 MiB of 2.0 MiB)
Info::
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
100%
First-party Third-party
F
JS Bundles
Action
10 scripts, 623 KB unused
FIX
10 scripts, 623 KB unused
Warning::
https://www.edutopia.org/assets/client.d2c05d5f116...: 332 KB unused (58%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-RFWV...: 116 KB unused (67%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-RFWV...: 71 KB unused (41%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-5GV...: 70 KB unused (63%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js: 34 KB unused (35%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Info::
Total unused JavaScript: 623 KB
623 KB unused JavaScript

Downloaded but never executed on this page.

ScriptSizeUnusedMinifiedParty
https://www.edutopia.org/assets/client.d2c05d5f116b64f55f37.js571 KB332 KB (58%)✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-RFWVENN15N&cx=c&gtm=4e64k0173 KB116 KB (67%)✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-RFWVENN15N173 KB71 KB (41%)✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-5GV9D5CH112 KB70 KB (63%)✓3rd
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js97 KB34 KB (35%)✓3rd
https://www.edutopia.org/assets/react.6a4372d92c886a45b0f6.js44 KB—✓3rd
https://cdn.parsely.com/keys/edutopia.org/p.js19 KB—✓3rd
https://www.edutopia.org/assets/429.bd2bf0a5f2251f3102e8.js9 KB—✓3rd
https://www.edutopia.org/assets/pages-LandingPage-LandingPage.4a4c110d3a26e30217dc.js3 KB—✓3rd
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/1528081978025679?v=2.9.303&r=stable&domain=www.edutopia.org&hme=97937018cefade17726f0472876fc101316b2ce9008a35a6a5a7977d7436151a&ex_m=104%2C205%2C154%2C22%2C72%2C73%2C145%2C68%2C67%2C11%2C162%2C90%2C16%2C138%2C127%2C39%2C75%2C78%2C134%2C159%2C164%2C8%2C4%2C5%2C7%2C6%2C3%2C91%2C101%2C165%2C170%2C219%2C62%2C186%2C187%2C55%2C276%2C30%2C74%2C231%2C230%2C229%2C23%2C33%2C103%2C61%2C10%2C63%2C97%2C98%2C99%2C105%2C130%2C31%2C29%2C132%2C133%2C129%2C128%2C155%2C76%2C158%2C156%2C157%2C50%2C60%2C123%2C15%2C161%2C45%2C263%2C264%2C262%2C26%2C27%2C28%2C48%2C146%2C77%2C112%2C18%2C20%2C44%2C40%2C42%2C41%2C83%2C92%2C96%2C110%2C144%2C147%2C46%2C111%2C24%2C21%2C119%2C69%2C36%2C149%2C148%2C150%2C141%2C139%2C25%2C35%2C59%2C109%2C160%2C70%2C17%2C152%2C114%2C81%2C66%2C19%2C85%2C86%2C116%2C84%2C136%2C135%2C34%2C278%2C293%2C212%2C201%2C202%2C200%2C296%2C288%2C52%2C213%2C107%2C131%2C80%2C121%2C54%2C47%2C49%2C113%2C120%2C126%2C58%2C64%2C151%2C115%2C37%2C32%2C53%2C56%2C100%2C163%2C1%2C124%2C14%2C122%2C12%2C2%2C57%2C93%2C65%2C118%2C89%2C88%2C166%2C167%2C94%2C95%2C9%2C125%2C102%2C51%2C142%2C87%2C79%2C71%2C117%2C106%2C43%2C143%2C0%2C82%2C137%2C140%2C153%2C38%2C108%2C13%2C16845 KB—✓3rd

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

F
Page Weight Inventory
Action
52 resources · 2.0 MB · 623 KB savings available
FIX
52 resources · 2.0 MB · 623 KB savings available
Warning::
Page weight 999 KB over 1MB target
Got: 2.0 MB Expected: ≤ 1 MB
Info::
~623 KB of savings available
Warning::
51 third-party resources (100% of weight)
Info::
1 resources over 200KB
52 resources · 2.0 MiB · 51 third-party 999.1 KiB over 1MB target
JavaScript 62% · 1.2 MiB
Image 27% · 545.8 KiB
Font 9% · 190.7 KiB
Document 2% · 37.2 KiB
Other 0% · 2.0 KiB
CSS 0% · 1.4 KiB

~622.6 KiB of savings available

Remove unused JavaScript: 622.6 KiB
F
HTTP Caching
Action
No cache headers
FIX
No cache headers
Warning::
No Cache-Control header found
Browsers will use heuristic caching, which can be unpredictable. Set explicit cache headers.

No Cache-Control header

Adding a Cache-Control header can significantly improve repeat-visit performance.

C
Page Weight Budget
Action
2.0 MB transferred, 52 requests
REVIEW
2.0 MB transferred, 52 requests
Info::
Page weighs 5.0 MB (2.0 MB transferred)
Warning::
JavaScript is 1.2 MB — consider code splitting or lazy loading
Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
Got: 1.2 MB
Info::
52 HTTP requests
Info::
Estimated 0.41 g CO2 per page load
2.0 MB / 2.4 MB budget
2.0 MB transferred
52 requests
0.41 g CO2 per page load
JavaScript 1.2 MiB 62%
Images 513.2 KiB 25%
Fonts 190.7 KiB 9%
HTML 37.2 KiB 2%
Other 33.0 KiB 2%
CSS 1.4 KiB 0%
Other 1.1 KiB 0%
Other 550 B 0%
0 2.4 MB 4.9 MB
Approaching limit

Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.

Why this matters

JavaScript bundle is large — code-split routes and lazy-load off-screen components to defer.

Source: web.dev

B
Image Optimization
25 images, 0 KB saveable
REVIEW
25 images, 0 KB saveable
Info::
All images are well-optimized
25 images 513 KB
0 oversized -0 KB
12 legacy format
0 missing dimensions CLS risk
C
JS Execution Cost
Action
1051ms total JS execution
REVIEW
1051ms total JS execution
Warning::
https://www.edutopia.org/assets/client.d2c05d5f116...: 417ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.edutopia.org/: 225ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.edutopia.org/assets/react.6a4372d92c88...: 143ms CPU time
Info::
Unattributable: 109ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-RFWV...: 104ms CPU time
Warning::
Third-party scripts: 1051ms (100% of total)

Main Thread Breakdown

Script Evaluation 57% Other 16% Script Parsing & Compilation 12% Style & Layout 10%
ScriptTotalScriptingParse/CompileParty
https://www.edutopia.org/assets/client.d2c05d5f116b64f55f37.js417ms314ms68ms3rd
https://www.edutopia.org/225ms6ms5ms3rd
https://www.edutopia.org/assets/react.6a4372d92c886a45b0f6.js143ms129ms6ms3rd
Unattributable109ms3ms0ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-RFWVENN15N104ms86ms17ms3rd
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js53ms40ms13ms3rd
A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
Font Loading
9 fonts (191 KB)
PASS
9 fonts (191 KB)
Info::
9 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

Web fonts

9

191 KB total

Render-blocking

0

of 9

Dominant font-display

swap

Most common across fonts

Font loading timeline
Transfer FOIT (block) FOUT (swap)
0 ms 500 ms 1.0 s 1.5 s 2.0 s FCP 928 ms LCP 2.0 shttps://use.typekit.net/af/ef2129/00000000000000003b9b387c/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/ef2129/00000000000000003b9b387c/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3 — 17.9 KiB — 50 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/403911/00000000000000003b9b3880/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n6&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/403911/00000000000000003b9b3880/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n6&v=3 — 17.8 KiB — 52 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/aa1d64/00000000000000003b9b387a/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n3&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/aa1d64/00000000000000003b9b387a/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n3&v=3 — 17.1 KiB — 56 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/e8450c/00000000000000003b9b387e/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n5&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/e8450c/00000000000000003b9b387e/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n5&v=3 — 17.0 KiB — 58 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/aee0aa/00000000000000003b9b3f03/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n5&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/aee0aa/00000000000000003b9b3f03/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n5&v=3 — 13.6 KiB — 9 ms — font-display: swaphttps://www.edutopia.org/assets/fonts/29D59A_0_0.woff29D59A_0_0.woff https://www.edutopia.org/assets/fonts/29D59A_0_0.woff — 36.1 KiB — 30 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/b67c91/00000000000000003b9b387d/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i4&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/b67c91/00000000000000003b9b387d/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i4&v=3 — 19.3 KiB — 13 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/a65f36/00000000000000003b9b4731/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i3&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/a65f36/00000000000000003b9b4731/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i3&v=3 — 15.0 KiB — 32 ms — font-display: swaphttps://www.edutopia.org/assets/fonts/29D59A_1_0.woff29D59A_1_0.woff https://www.edutopia.org/assets/fonts/29D59A_1_0.woff — 36.8 KiB — 8 ms — font-display: swap
l woff2 swap
Size 18 KB
Load time 50 ms
Start 68 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 18 KB
Load time 52 ms
Start 68 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 17 KB
Load time 56 ms
Start 69 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 17 KB
Load time 58 ms
Start 69 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 14 KB
Load time 9 ms
Start 270 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
29D59A_0_0.woff woff swap
Size 36 KB
Load time 30 ms
Start 270 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
  • Convert to woff2 for ~30% smaller file size
l woff2 swap
Size 19 KB
Load time 13 ms
Start 271 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 15 KB
Load time 32 ms
Start 271 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
29D59A_1_0.woff woff swap
Size 37 KB
Load time 8 ms
Start 950 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
  • Convert to woff2 for ~30% smaller file size
Optimization checklist
  • Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
  • Use woff2 format for all fonts
  • Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
  • Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)

Fixing the unchecked items could save ~22 KB and ~44 ms

A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
No optimization needed
PASS
No optimization needed
Info::
No resource hint issues
A+
Green Hosting
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
PASS

Green Hosting

This site is hosted on green energy infrastructure

Provider: Cloudflare

Network Waterfall
52 requests over 1503ms
INFO
0 ms 500 ms 1.0 s 1.5 s 2.0 s FCP 928 ms LCP 2.0 shttps://edutopia.org// https://edutopia.org/ — 301 — 389 B — 22 ms — h2https://www.edutopia.org/www.edutopia.org/ https://www.edutopia.org/ — 200 — 37.2 KiB — 32 ms — h2https://use.typekit.net/af/ef2129/00000000000000003b9b387c/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3use.typekit.net/af/ef2129/000000000... https://use.typekit.net/af/ef2129/00000000000000003b9b387c/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3 — 200 — 17.9 KiB — 50 ms — h2https://use.typekit.net/af/403911/00000000000000003b9b3880/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n6&v=3use.typekit.net/af/403911/000000000... https://use.typekit.net/af/403911/00000000000000003b9b3880/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n6&v=3 — 200 — 17.8 KiB — 52 ms — h2https://use.typekit.net/af/aa1d64/00000000000000003b9b387a/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n3&v=3use.typekit.net/af/aa1d64/000000000... https://use.typekit.net/af/aa1d64/00000000000000003b9b387a/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n3&v=3 — 200 — 17.1 KiB — 56 ms — h2https://use.typekit.net/af/e8450c/00000000000000003b9b387e/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n5&v=3use.typekit.net/af/e8450c/000000000... https://use.typekit.net/af/e8450c/00000000000000003b9b387e/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n5&v=3 — 200 — 17.0 KiB — 58 ms — h2https://www.edutopia.org/assets/react.6a4372d92c886a45b0f6.jswww.edutopia.org/assets/react.6a437... https://www.edutopia.org/assets/react.6a4372d92c886a45b0f6.js — 200 — 44.5 KiB — 31 ms — h2https://www.edutopia.org/assets/client.d2c05d5f116b64f55f37.jswww.edutopia.org/assets/client.d2c0... https://www.edutopia.org/assets/client.d2c05d5f116b64f55f37.js — 200 — 570.8 KiB — 112 ms — h2https://use.typekit.net/njt0djr.cssuse.typekit.net/njt0djr.css https://use.typekit.net/njt0djr.css — 200 — 1.2 KiB — 40 ms — h2https://wpvip.edutopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/hero_blog_Arts_integrated-studies_photo_iStock_1443499343_skynesher.jpg?resize=1400,787.5&quality=85wpvip.edutopia.org/wp-content/uploa... https://wpvip.edutopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/hero_blog_Arts_integrated-studies_photo_iStock_1443499343_skynesher.jpg?resize=1400,787.5&quality=85 — 200 — 66.9 KiB — 71 ms — h2https://www.edutopia.org/assets/facebook-share.svgwww.edutopia.org/assets/facebook-sh... https://www.edutopia.org/assets/facebook-share.svg — 200 — 1.2 KiB — 74 ms — h2https://www.edutopia.org/assets/bluesky-share.svgwww.edutopia.org/assets/bluesky-sha... https://www.edutopia.org/assets/bluesky-share.svg — 200 — 1.0 KiB — 75 ms — h2https://www.edutopia.org/assets/pinterest-share.svgwww.edutopia.org/assets/pinterest-s... https://www.edutopia.org/assets/pinterest-share.svg — 200 — 1.1 KiB — 72 ms — h2https://www.edutopia.org/assets/instagram-share.svgwww.edutopia.org/assets/instagram-s... https://www.edutopia.org/assets/instagram-share.svg — 200 — 998 B — 73 ms — h2https://cdn.parsely.com/keys/edutopia.org/p.jscdn.parsely.com/keys/edutopia.org/p... https://cdn.parsely.com/keys/edutopia.org/p.js — 200 — 19.5 KiB — 47 ms — h2https://www.edutopia.org/assets/youtube-share.svgwww.edutopia.org/assets/youtube-sha... https://www.edutopia.org/assets/youtube-share.svg — 200 — 1.2 KiB — 82 ms — h2https://www.edutopia.org/assets/glef-logo-outline.pngwww.edutopia.org/assets/glef-logo-o... https://www.edutopia.org/assets/glef-logo-outline.png — 200 — 32.9 KiB — 76 ms — 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HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
100% of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party 1051ms · 922KB · €11/mo
www.edutopia.org
Other
Costly
Execution 417ms
Transfer 571 KB
Unused 58%
Monthly Cost €5/mo
www.edutopia.org
Other
Costly
Execution 225ms
Transfer 37 KB
Monthly Cost €2/mo
www.edutopia.org
Other
Optional
Execution 143ms
Transfer 44 KB
Monthly Cost €2/mo
Unattributable
Other
Optional
Execution 109ms
Transfer 0 KB
Monthly Cost €1/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 104ms
Transfer 173 KB
Unused 41%
Monthly Cost €1/mo
Facebook Pixel
Advertising
Optional
Execution 53ms
Transfer 97 KB
Unused 35%
Monthly Cost €1/mo

These scripts may cost more than they're worth

  • www.edutopia.org adds 417ms and costs ~€5/month
  • www.edutopia.org adds 225ms and costs ~€2/month

100% of JavaScript execution time is spent on third-party scripts. Consider auditing which scripts are essential.

Why this matters

When third-party JS execution time exceeds your own, performance gains from frontend work are capped by code you don't own.

Learn more ▾

Every millisecond of third-party JS competes with your own for main-thread time. If their share is bigger than yours, optimization on your code base barely moves the needle. Audit, defer, or remove third-parties before further frontend optimization. Use Lighthouse's third-party audit to identify the worst offenders.

Source: web.dev

www.edutopia.org takes 417ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

58% of www.edutopia.org's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.

Why this matters

Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.

Source: web.dev

www.edutopia.org takes 225ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

How third-party costs are calculated

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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