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Lighthouse Mobile

· 0 checks — Mobile Lighthouse audit -- Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, and SEO category breakdown.
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Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

11

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Layout shifts occur when elements move absent any user interaction. Investigate the causes of layout shifts, such as elements being added, removed, or their fonts changing as the page loads.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

headings: [map[key:node label:Element subItemsHeading:map[key:extra] valueType:node] map[granularity:0.001 key:score label:Layout shift score subItemsHeading:map[key:cause valueType:text] valueType:numeric]]
items: [map[node:map[type:text value:Total] score:0.9353049999999999] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:4441 height:4233 left:0 right:412 top:208 width:412] lhId:page-9-MAIN nodeLabel:JOIN A WORLD OF DISCOVERY Make an impact on learners, researchers, and educato… path:1,HTML,1,BODY,15,DIV,0,DIV,2,MAIN selector:body#global-container > div#__next > div.css-tqcljz-StyledContainer > main snippet:<main style="flex-grow:1"> type:node] score:0.55407 subItems:map[items:[map[cause:Unsized image element extra:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:623 height:117 left:16 right:396 top:506 width:380] lhId:page-0-IMG nodeLabel:Gale, part of Cengage Group - Join a World of Discovery path:1,HTML,1,BODY,15,DIV,0,DIV,2,MAIN,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,IMG selector:div.css-cd7rhl-StyledContainer > div.css-14zohyz-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > div.css-hoiw89-StyledFlex-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > img snippet:<img alt="Gale, part of Cengage Group - Join a World of Discovery" aria-hidden="false" loading="lazy" width="0" height="0" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color: transparent; display: block; border-radius: inherit; height: auto;" sizes="100vw" srcset="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.bfldr.com%2FK1J9XRDX%2Fas%2Fhm6gbwkg979…" src="https://gale.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.bfldr.com%2FK1J9XRDX%2F…"> type:node]]] type:subitems]] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:4441 height:4233 left:0 right:412 top:208 width:412] lhId:page-9-MAIN nodeLabel:JOIN A WORLD OF DISCOVERY Make an impact on learners, researchers, and educato… path:1,HTML,1,BODY,15,DIV,0,DIV,2,MAIN selector:body#global-container > div#__next > div.css-tqcljz-StyledContainer > main snippet:<main style="flex-grow:1"> type:node] score:0.197902 subItems:map[items:[map[cause:Unsized image element extra:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:623 height:117 left:16 right:396 top:506 width:380] lhId:page-0-IMG nodeLabel:Gale, part of Cengage Group - Join a World of Discovery path:1,HTML,1,BODY,15,DIV,0,DIV,2,MAIN,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,IMG selector:div.css-cd7rhl-StyledContainer > div.css-14zohyz-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > div.css-hoiw89-StyledFlex-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > img snippet:<img alt="Gale, part of Cengage Group - Join a World of Discovery" aria-hidden="false" loading="lazy" width="0" height="0" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color: transparent; display: block; border-radius: inherit; height: auto;" sizes="100vw" srcset="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.bfldr.com%2FK1J9XRDX%2Fas%2Fhm6gbwkg979…" src="https://gale.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.bfldr.com%2FK1J9XRDX%2F…"> type:node]]] type:subitems]] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:4441 height:3574 left:0 right:412 top:867 width:412] lhId:page-3-DIV nodeLabel:ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS Gale partners with librarians and educators to empower r… path:1,HTML,1,BODY,15,DIV,0,DIV,2,MAIN,0,DIV,2,DIV selector:div.css-tqcljz-StyledContainer > main > div#reactMagmaMainContent > div snippet:<div> type:node] score:0.107198 subItems:map[items:[map[cause:Unsized image element extra:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:623 height:117 left:16 right:396 top:506 width:380] lhId:page-0-IMG nodeLabel:Gale, part of Cengage Group - Join a World of Discovery path:1,HTML,1,BODY,15,DIV,0,DIV,2,MAIN,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,IMG selector:div.css-cd7rhl-StyledContainer > div.css-14zohyz-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > div.css-hoiw89-StyledFlex-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > img snippet:<img alt="Gale, part of Cengage Group - Join a World of Discovery" aria-hidden="false" loading="lazy" width="0" height="0" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color: transparent; display: block; border-radius: inherit; height: auto;" sizes="100vw" srcset="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.bfldr.com%2FK1J9XRDX%2Fas%2Fhm6gbwkg979…" src="https://gale.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.bfldr.com%2FK1J9XRDX%2F…"> type:node]]] type:subitems]] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:4441 height:3574 left:0 right:412 top:867 width:412] lhId:page-3-DIV nodeLabel:ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS Gale partners with librarians and educators to empower r… path:1,HTML,1,BODY,15,DIV,0,DIV,2,MAIN,0,DIV,2,DIV selector:div.css-tqcljz-StyledContainer > main > div#reactMagmaMainContent > div snippet:<div> type:node] score:0.047224 subItems:map[items:[map[cause:Unsized image element extra:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:623 height:117 left:16 right:396 top:506 width:380] lhId:page-0-IMG nodeLabel:Gale, part of Cengage Group - Join a World of Discovery path:1,HTML,1,BODY,15,DIV,0,DIV,2,MAIN,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,IMG selector:div.css-cd7rhl-StyledContainer > div.css-14zohyz-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > div.css-hoiw89-StyledFlex-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > img snippet:<img alt="Gale, part of Cengage Group - Join a World of Discovery" aria-hidden="false" loading="lazy" width="0" height="0" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color: transparent; display: block; border-radius: inherit; height: auto;" sizes="100vw" srcset="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.bfldr.com%2FK1J9XRDX%2Fas%2Fhm6gbwkg979…" src="https://gale.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.bfldr.com%2FK1J9XRDX%2F…"> type:node]] map[cause:Web font extra:map[type:url value:https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v44/mem8YaGs126MiZpBA-UFVZ0bf8pkAg.woff2]]] type:subitems]] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:823 height:315 left:0 right:412 top:508 width:412] lhId:page-11-DIV nodeLabel:Use of Cookies We and our partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technol… path:1,HTML,1,BODY,27,DIV,1,DIV selector:body#global-container > div#onetrust-consent-sdk > div#onetrust-banner-sdk snippet:<div id="onetrust-banner-sdk" class="otFlat bottom vertical-align-content ot-buttons-fw" tabindex="0" role="region" aria-label="Use of Cookies" style="bottom: 0px;"> type:node] score:0.006118]]

A forced reflow occurs when JavaScript queries geometric properties (such as offsetWidth) after styles have been invalidated by a change to the DOM state. This can result in poor performance. Learn more about forced reflows and possible mitigations.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

headings: [map[key:source label:Top function call valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]
items: [map[reflowTime:38.865 source:map[column:6717 line:9 type:source-location url:https://gale.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-6c83a3d11e723311.js urlProvider:network]]]
headings: [map[key:source label:Source valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]
items: [map[reflowTime:31.031 source:map[type:text value:[unattributed]]] map[reflowTime:38.865 source:map[column:85508 line:8 type:source-location url:https://gale.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-6c83a3d11e723311.js urlProvider:network]]]

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLResource SizeEst Savings
Gale, part of Cengage Group - Join a World of Discovery div.css-cd7rhl-StyledContainer > div.css-14zohyz-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > div.css-hoiw89-StyledFlex-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > img
/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.bfldr.com%2FK1J9XRDX%2...8.2 MiB8.3 MiB
div.css-cd7rhl-StyledContainer > div.css-1ctrl68-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > div.css-gh1g09-StyledFlex-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > img div.css-cd7rhl-StyledContainer > div.css-1ctrl68-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > div.css-gh1g09-StyledFlex-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > img
/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.bfldr.com%2FK1J9XRDX%2...59.4 KiB26.0 KiB
New Gale Primary Sources Collections div.css-1mmxl7i-Grid > div.css-1hnr9nj-StyledCard > div.css-1scr6ni > img
/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.bfldr.com%2FK1J9XRDX%2...38.9 KiB8.7 KiB

Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

lhId: page-0-IMG
nodeLabel: Gale, part of Cengage Group - Join a World of Discovery
path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,15,DIV,0,DIV,2,MAIN,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,IMG
selector: div.css-cd7rhl-StyledContainer > div.css-14zohyz-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > div.css-hoiw89-StyledFlex-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > img
snippet: <img alt="Gale, part of Cengage Group - Join a World of Discovery" aria-hidden="false" loading="lazy" width="0" height="0" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color: transparent; display: block; border-radius: inherit; height: auto;" sizes="100vw" srcset="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.bfldr.com%2FK1J9XRDX%2Fas%2Fhm6gbwkg979…" src="https://gale.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.bfldr.com%2FK1J9XRDX%2F…">

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.
title: Preconnected origins
value: no origins were preconnected
description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.
title: Preconnect candidates
value: No additional origins are good candidates for preconnecting

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLTransfer SizeDuration
/css2?family=Noto+Serif:ital,wght@0,100..900;1,100..900&f...1.3 KiB172 ms
/css2?family=Open+Sans:wdth,wght@75..100,300..800&display...2.0 KiB838 ms

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

RequestCache TTLTransfer Size
connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js1200.0 s96.6 KiB
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/202510.1.0/otBannerSdk.js86400.0 s123.3 KiB
/signals/config/542901826435722?v=2.9.303&r=stable&domain...1200.0 s44.8 KiB
tag.demandbase.com/0407b7fa47067ef0.min.js3600.0 s18.3 KiB
/logos/e7eb72e0-2361-4ad5-b548-28e7aa0d5be8/015989be-cef3...86400.0 s31.2 KiB
snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js86400.0 s18.7 KiB
cdn.mouseflow.com/projects/f13d30e4-2681-4893-aa5f-3f89a4c43ec3.js86400.0 s18.3 KiB
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js86400.0 s9.1 KiB
cdn.cookielaw.org/logos/static/powered_by_logo.svg86400.0 s2.7 KiB
partners.tremorhub.com/sync?UIDM=fb00bdd1-5ca2-473a-a4f2-2e22c90a9ad90.0 ms391 B
/collect?v=2&fmt=js&pid=199113%2C3250977&time=17768918303...0.0 ms271 B
/tr/?id=542901826435722&ev=PageView&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fgale...0.0 ms16 B

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

These are the largest layout shifts observed on the page. Each table item represents a single layout shift, and shows the element that shifted the most. Below each item are possible root causes that led to the layout shift. Some of these layout shifts may not be included in the CLS metric value due to windowing. Learn how to improve CLS

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

ElementLayout shift score
JOIN A WORLD OF DISCOVERY Make an impact on learners, researchers, and educato… body#global-container > div#__next > div.css-tqcljz-StyledContainer > main
0.554
JOIN A WORLD OF DISCOVERY Make an impact on learners, researchers, and educato… body#global-container > div#__next > div.css-tqcljz-StyledContainer > main
0.198
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS Gale partners with librarians and educators to empower r… div.css-tqcljz-StyledContainer > main > div#reactMagmaMainContent > div
0.107
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS Gale partners with librarians and educators to empower r… div.css-tqcljz-StyledContainer > main > div#reactMagmaMainContent > div
0.047
Use of Cookies We and our partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technol… body#global-container > div#onetrust-consent-sdk > div#onetrust-banner-sdk
0.006
Use of Cookies We and our partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technol… body#global-container > div#onetrust-consent-sdk > div#onetrust-banner-sdk
0.006
Use of Cookies We and our partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technol… body#global-container > div#onetrust-consent-sdk > div#onetrust-banner-sdk
0.004
Use of Cookies We and our partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technol… body#global-container > div#onetrust-consent-sdk > div#onetrust-banner-sdk
0.003
Use of Cookies We and our partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technol… body#global-container > div#onetrust-consent-sdk > div#onetrust-banner-sdk
0.002
Use of Cookies We and our partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technol… body#global-container > div#onetrust-consent-sdk > div#onetrust-banner-sdk
0.002
Use of Cookies We and our partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technol… body#global-container > div#onetrust-consent-sdk > div#onetrust-banner-sdk
0.002
Use of Cookies We and our partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technol… body#global-container > div#onetrust-consent-sdk > div#onetrust-banner-sdk
0.001
Use of Cookies We and our partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technol… body#global-container > div#onetrust-consent-sdk > div#onetrust-banner-sdk
0.001
Use of Cookies We and our partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technol… body#global-container > div#onetrust-consent-sdk > div#onetrust-banner-sdk
0.001
Use of Cookies We and our partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technol… body#global-container > div#onetrust-consent-sdk > div#onetrust-banner-sdk
0.001

Diagnostics

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 3.1 s 914.3 KiB
URLTransfer SizeEst Savings
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/429-fc6e13755a6ff828.js203.2 KiB174.2 KiB
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/49073288-af72274284711cbf.js249.8 KiB172.2 KiB
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-6c83a3d11e723311.js208.2 KiB128.9 KiB
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/216-a631d15603773735.js467.7 KiB120.0 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-WN1FMW4M6P&cx=c&gtm=4e64k0157.4 KiB66.1 KiB
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/202510.1.0/otBannerSdk.js123.2 KiB65.6 KiB
/gtm.js?id=GTM-MCRG9V&gtm_auth=&gtm_preview=&gtm_cookies_...149.3 KiB58.1 KiB
cdn.amplitude.com/libs/analytics-browser-gtm-wrapper-2.36.9.min.js.br79.8 KiB49.1 KiB
connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js96.5 KiB34.1 KiB
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/framework-5da2af1d2f63fc67.js58.6 KiB23.2 KiB
cdn.amplitude.com/libs/analytics-browser-gtm-2.36.9-min.js.gz54.4 KiB22.8 KiB

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling, and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to reduce Javascript execution time.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLTotal CPU TimeScript EvaluationScript Parse
gale.com/1.0 s14 ms0.6 ms
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/%5B%5B...route%5D%5D-542f25c2be475656.js874 ms872 ms1.0 ms
cdn.amplitude.com/libs/analytics-browser-gtm-wrapper-2.36.9.min.js.br830 ms649 ms48 ms
Unattributable812 ms159 ms0.0 ms
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/framework-5da2af1d2f63fc67.js772 ms685 ms20 ms
/gtm.js?id=GTM-MCRG9V&gtm_auth=&gtm_preview=&gtm_cookies_...714 ms633 ms55 ms
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-6c83a3d11e723311.js549 ms314 ms70 ms
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/202510.1.0/otBannerSdk.js477 ms276 ms55 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-WN1FMW4M6P&cx=c&gtm=4e64k0353 ms300 ms48 ms
connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js182 ms139 ms40 ms
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/216-a631d15603773735.js167 ms2.6 ms163 ms
/signals/config/542901826435722?v=2.9.303&r=stable&domain...144 ms123 ms20 ms
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/main-e34f124c6ca0f43e.js137 ms111 ms13 ms
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js97 ms71 ms2.5 ms
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/49073288-af72274284711cbf.js92 ms1.1 ms90 ms
static.ads-twitter.com/uwt.js91 ms81 ms8.0 ms
cdn.amplitude.com/libs/analytics-browser-gtm-2.36.9-min.js.gz91 ms65 ms20 ms
snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js82 ms64 ms6.3 ms
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/429-fc6e13755a6ff828.js69 ms1.0 ms67 ms
tag.demandbase.com/0407b7fa47067ef0.min.js65 ms42 ms5.9 ms

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to minimize main-thread work

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

CategoryTime Spent
Script Evaluation4.9 s
Other1.0 s
Style & Layout831 ms
Script Parsing & Compilation743 ms
Parse HTML & CSS213 ms
Rendering167 ms
Garbage Collection121 ms

Many navigations are performed by going back to a previous page, or forwards again. The back/forward cache (bfcache) can speed up these return navigations. Learn more about the bfcache

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failure reasonFailure type
Pages with cache-control:no-store header cannot enter back/forward cache.Actionable
Pages whose main resource has cache-control:no-store cannot enter back/forward cache.Not actionable
Back/forward cache is disabled because some JavaScript network request received resource with Cache-Control: no-store header.Not actionable

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 0.0 ms 19.7 KiB
URLTransfer SizeEst Savings
22.2 KiB19.7 KiB

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLTransfer Size
/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.bfldr.com%2FK1J9XRDX%2...8.2 MiB
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/216-a631d15603773735.js477.9 KiB
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/49073288-af72274284711cbf.js253.9 KiB
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-6c83a3d11e723311.js212.1 KiB
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/429-fc6e13755a6ff828.js207.2 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-WN1FMW4M6P&cx=c&gtm=4e64k0157.5 KiB
/gtm.js?id=GTM-MCRG9V&gtm_auth=&gtm_preview=&gtm_cookies_...149.7 KiB
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/202510.1.0/otBannerSdk.js123.3 KiB
connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js96.6 KiB
cdn.amplitude.com/libs/analytics-browser-gtm-wrapper-2.36.9.min.js.br80.3 KiB

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL
Cengage Logo div.css-1o0khdu-StyledContainer > div.galeRte > div#unified-header > img
www.cengage.com/binaries/content/gallery/cengage/logos/unified-logo-final.svg

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Document request latency
●Optimize DOM size
●Font display
●LCP breakdown
●Modern HTTP
●Optimize viewport for mobile
●Minify CSS
●Minify JavaScript
●User Timing marks and measures 9 user timings
●Avoid long main-thread tasks 20 long tasks found
●Avoid non-composited animations 1 animated element found
●Network Requests
●Network Round Trip Times 70 ms
●Server Backend Latencies 110 ms
●Tasks
●Diagnostics
●Metrics
●Screenshot Thumbnails
●Final Screenshot
●Script Treemap Data
●Resources Summary
●Avoid multiple page redirects
●Initial server response time was short Root document took 260 ms
○INP breakdown
93

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Names and labels

When a button doesn't have an accessible name, screen readers announce it as "button", making it unusable for users who rely on screen readers. Learn how to make buttons more accessible.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.css-uowawd-StyledFlex-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > div.css-b1brjt-StyledFlex-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > div.css-fv181i-StyledFlex-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > button.css-ojv4xy-BaseStyledButton-buttonStyles-buttonStyles div.css-uowawd-StyledFlex-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > div.css-b1brjt-StyledFlex-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > div.css-fv181i-StyledFlex-StyledFlex-StyledFlex > button.css-ojv4xy-BaseStyledButton-buttonStyles-buttonStyles
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These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Navigation

Properly ordered headings that do not skip levels convey the semantic structure of the page, making it easier to navigate and understand when using assistive technologies. Learn more about heading order.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
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These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable
○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state
○The page has a logical tab order
○Visual order on the page follows DOM order
○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region
○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page
○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation
○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology
○Custom controls have associated labels
○Custom controls have ARIA roles
●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`
●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes
●`[role]` values are valid
●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values
●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled
●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes
●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.
●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role
●Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents
●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes
●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio
●Document has a `<title>` element
●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute
●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute
●Links are distinguishable without relying on color.
●Links have a discernible name
●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).
●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements
●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0
●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.
●Skip links are focusable.
●Document has a main landmark.
●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used
●Identical links have the same purpose.
●Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.
○`[accesskey]` values are unique
○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names
○ARIA input fields have accessible names
○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names
○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.
○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element
○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.
○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names
○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names
○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region
○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.
○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements
○ARIA IDs are unique
○No form fields have multiple labels
○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title
○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.
○Input buttons have discernible text.
○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text
○Form elements have associated labels
○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`
○`<object>` elements have alternate text
○Select elements have associated label elements.
○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.
○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.
○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value
○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`
○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.
○All heading elements contain content.
○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements
○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.
○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.
○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.
73

Best Practices

General

Deprecated APIs will eventually be removed from the browser. Learn more about deprecated APIs.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Deprecation / WarningSource
AttributionReporting
snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

SourceDescription
/api/v3/ip.json?referrer=&page=https%3A%2F%2Fgale.com%2F&...
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 401 ()
/gtm.js?id=GTM-MCRG9V&gtm_auth=&gtm_preview=&gtm_cookies_... line 287, col 482
Loading the script 'https://capi-automation.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/public/client_js/capiParamBuilder/clientParamBuilder.bundle.js' violates the following Content Security Policy directive: "script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https://*.amplitude.com https://cdn.mouseflow.com https://*.zdassets.com https://*.survicate.com https://*.cengage.com https://*.cengage.ca https://hippo.cengage.com https://b2b-gale-storefront-k8s.dev.eks.cengage.io https://b2b-gale-storefront-k8s.qa.eks.cengage.io https://b2b-gale-storefront-k8s.perf.eks.cengage.io https://b2b-gale-storefront-k8s.prod.eks.cengage.io https://*.gstatic.com https://*.bing.com https://*.cookielaw.org https://*.onetrust.com https://*.rackcdn.com https://*.googleapis.com https://*.force.com https://cengage.my.salesforce.com https://*.salesforceliveagent.com https://sc-static.net https://www.googleadservices.com https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net https://*.googletagmanager.com https://www.google.com https://snap.licdn.com https://*.vidyard.com https://*.optimizely.com https://www.google-analytics.com https://img.en25.com https://*.eloqua.com https://static.ads-twitter.com https://analytics.twitter.com https://instant.page https://connect.facebook.net https://*.cloudfront.net https://www.youtube.com https://*.addthis.com https://*.addthisedge.com https://*.moatads.com https://*.tribalfusion.com https://analytics.tiktok.com https://cdn.evgnet.com https://cdn.evergage.com https://evergage.com https://tags.srv.stackadapt.com https://*.demandbase.com https://*.company-target.com". Note that 'script-src-elem' was not explicitly set, so 'script-src' is used as a fallback. The action has been blocked.
/gtm.js?id=GTM-MCRG9V&gtm_auth=&gtm_preview=&gtm_cookies_... line 287, col 482
Loading the script 'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-1459581.js?sv=7' violates the following Content Security Policy directive: "script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https://*.amplitude.com https://cdn.mouseflow.com https://*.zdassets.com https://*.survicate.com https://*.cengage.com https://*.cengage.ca https://hippo.cengage.com https://b2b-gale-storefront-k8s.dev.eks.cengage.io https://b2b-gale-storefront-k8s.qa.eks.cengage.io https://b2b-gale-storefront-k8s.perf.eks.cengage.io https://b2b-gale-storefront-k8s.prod.eks.cengage.io https://*.gstatic.com https://*.bing.com https://*.cookielaw.org https://*.onetrust.com https://*.rackcdn.com https://*.googleapis.com https://*.force.com https://cengage.my.salesforce.com https://*.salesforceliveagent.com https://sc-static.net https://www.googleadservices.com https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net https://*.googletagmanager.com https://www.google.com https://snap.licdn.com https://*.vidyard.com https://*.optimizely.com https://www.google-analytics.com https://img.en25.com https://*.eloqua.com https://static.ads-twitter.com https://analytics.twitter.com https://instant.page https://connect.facebook.net https://*.cloudfront.net https://www.youtube.com https://*.addthis.com https://*.addthisedge.com https://*.moatads.com https://*.tribalfusion.com https://analytics.tiktok.com https://cdn.evgnet.com https://cdn.evergage.com https://evergage.com https://tags.srv.stackadapt.com https://*.demandbase.com https://*.company-target.com". Note that 'script-src-elem' was not explicitly set, so 'script-src' is used as a fallback. The action has been blocked.

Issues logged to the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures, insufficient security controls, and other browser concerns. Open up the Issues panel in Chrome DevTools for more details on each issue.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Issue type
Content security policy

Source maps translate minified code to the original source code. This helps developers debug in production. In addition, Lighthouse is able to provide further insights. Consider deploying source maps to take advantage of these benefits. Learn more about source maps.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLMap URL
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-6c83a3d11e723311.js
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/49073288-af72274284711cbf.js
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/429-fc6e13755a6ff828.js
gale.com/_next/static/chunks/216-a631d15603773735.js
cdn.amplitude.com/libs/analytics-browser-gtm-wrapper-2.36.9.min.js.brcdn.amplitude.com/libs/analytics-browser-gtm-wrapper.min.js.map
cdn.amplitude.com/libs/analytics-browser-gtm-2.36.9-min.js.gzcdn.amplitude.com/libs/amplitude-gtm-min.js.map
●Uses HTTPS
●Avoids third-party cookies
●Allows users to paste into input fields
●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load
●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load
●Displays images with correct aspect ratio
●Serves images with appropriate resolution
●Page has the HTML doctype
●Properly defines charset
●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks
●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP
●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types
●Detected JavaScript libraries
○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS
○Use a strong HSTS policy
○Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP
92

SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

Content Best Practices

Descriptive link text helps search engines understand your content. Learn how to make links more accessible.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Link destinationLink Text
/news/perspectives/2026/cengage-next-chapter/?ampDeviceId...Learn more
gale.com/primary-sources/new-collectionsLearn More
gale.com/schools/professional-developmentLearn More

Format your HTML in a way that enables crawlers to better understand your app’s content.

○Structured data is valid
●Page isn’t blocked from indexing
●Document has a `<title>` element
●Document has a meta description
●Page has successful HTTP status code
●Links are crawlable
●robots.txt is valid
●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes
●Document has a valid `hreflang`
●Document has a valid `rel=canonical`

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