Lighthouse Desktop

· 0 checks — Desktop Lighthouse audit -- Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, and SEO category breakdown.

SCORE

GRADE

FIX

REVIEW

PASS

INFO

Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Request	Cache TTL	Transfer Size
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/260119_THE_Subject_Ranking_2026-07.jpg	0.0 ms	1.4 MiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/SGP%20Inaugural%20Week%201.png	0.0 ms	1.4 MiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/260119_THE_Subject_Ranking_2026-08.jpg	0.0 ms	1.3 MiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/260318_Website_3_Banner_CurrentV_3_EN.jpg	0.0 ms	1.0 MiB
/f/photo/29049/864p0/TeachingAndLearning2_Training Guardi...	0.0 ms	873.4 KiB
hku.hk/f/photo/29009/864p0/KnowledgeExchange3_Safe%20to%20Swallow_hero%202.jpg	0.0 ms	831.0 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/HKU_Miansite_Desktop_Fculties_Banner_Law.jpg	0.0 ms	721.2 KiB
hku.hk/f/poster/28940/527p0/30thHKMF1000x1382.png	0.0 ms	575.5 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/QS-Asia-University-Ranking-2026.jpg	0.0 ms	483.9 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/824c556/221018_AdmissionOnHKUHomeBanner_4.jpeg	0.0 ms	451.1 KiB
hku.hk/f/poster/28842/527p0/HKUbannerRoll.jpg	0.0 ms	438.2 KiB
hku.hk/f/poster/28943/527p0/mahkcs-in-hku-website-1000x1382.jpg	0.0 ms	389.1 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-3.jpg	0.0 ms	385.6 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-2.jpg	0.0 ms	362.8 KiB
hku.hk/f/flipboard/21473/527c345/flipboard-events.jpg	0.0 ms	359.3 KiB
hku.hk/assets/js/index.js?t=20230414	0.0 ms	355.3 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/251104_HKU-Highly-Cited-Research_banner.jpg	0.0 ms	334.4 KiB
hku.hk/assets/css/index.css?t=20230414	0.0 ms	320.3 KiB
hku.hk/f/flipboard/21501/527c345/career.JPG	0.0 ms	308.1 KiB
hku.hk/f/flipboard/21471/527c345/ProspectiveStudents.JPG	0.0 ms	304.4 KiB
hku.hk/f/photo/29050/864p0/CoverStory4_A-Better-Way-to-Share.jpg	0.0 ms	301.0 KiB
hku.hk/f/flipboard/21472/527c345/flipboard-libraries.jpg	0.0 ms	281.1 KiB
hku.hk/f/flipboard/7633/527c345/GivingtoHKU2022_updated.PNG	0.0 ms	279.3 KiB
hku.hk/f/photo/29010/864p0/Research5_Does%20AI%20Have%20a%20Mind.jpg	0.0 ms	261.2 KiB
hku.hk/f/flipboard/21470/527c345/currentstudent.JPG	0.0 ms	260.6 KiB
hku.hk/f/flipboard/7740/527c345/IMG_5829a.jpg	0.0 ms	238.7 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-8.jpg	0.0 ms	220.8 KiB
hku.hk/f/flipboard/21483/527c345/PubDec2025.png	0.0 ms	219.2 KiB
hku.hk/f/flipboard/7738/527c345/tnl2024.jpg	0.0 ms	215.2 KiB
hku.hk/f/banner/331/258c90/uv_banner_350x123.gif	0.0 ms	207.6 KiB
hku.hk/f/flipboard/21504/527c345/flipboard-hkuinthemedia.jpg	0.0 ms	187.3 KiB
hku.hk/f/flipboard/10567/527c345/publicity.jpg	0.0 ms	181.3 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-9.jpg	0.0 ms	169.4 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-5.jpg	0.0 ms	143.5 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-4.jpg	0.0 ms	137.2 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-10.jpg	0.0 ms	133.0 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-1.jpg	0.0 ms	115.4 KiB
hku.hk/f/flipboard/7739/527c345/Research_2x_1054x694.jpg	0.0 ms	109.3 KiB
hku.hk/f/flipboard/7916/527c345/flipboard-multimedia.jpg	0.0 ms	109.1 KiB
hku.hk/assets/img/hku-115.svg?t=1760950144	0.0 ms	92.9 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-6.jpg	0.0 ms	92.4 KiB
hku.hk/assets/min/js/mobile_menu.js?t=20230414	0.0 ms	69.3 KiB
hku.hk/assets/fonts/roboto-medium-webfont.woff2	0.0 ms	65.9 KiB
hku.hk/assets/fonts/roboto-bold-webfont.woff2	0.0 ms	65.1 KiB
hku.hk/assets/fonts/roboto-regular-webfont.woff2	0.0 ms	65.0 KiB
hku.hk/assets/img/home/img_bhv-bg-default.jpg?1598702724	0.0 ms	60.6 KiB
hku.hk/f/banner/28939/258c90/30th%20HKMF_W350xH123.png	0.0 ms	44.4 KiB
hku.hk/assets/js/main.min.js?t=20230414	0.0 ms	42.5 KiB
hku.hk/f/banner/28843/258c90/HKUsmallBanner.jpg	0.0 ms	40.6 KiB
hku.hk/f/banner/29062/258c90/For%20HKU%20Web%20banner%20350%20x%20123%20px.png	0.0 ms	36.7 KiB
hku.hk/assets/fonts/frankruhllibre-black-webfont.woff2	0.0 ms	36.4 KiB
hku.hk/assets/img/besthk-logo-2016.png?t=20170511	0.0 ms	35.1 KiB
hku.hk/assets/min/js/menu.js?t=20230414	0.0 ms	34.7 KiB
hku.hk/f/banner/28942/258c90/mahkcs-hku-banner-350x123px.gif	0.0 ms	26.3 KiB
hku.hk/assets/fonts/frankruhllibre-bold-webfont.woff2	0.0 ms	24.2 KiB
hku.hk/f/banner/27503/258c90/Untitled%20design.jpg	0.0 ms	23.4 KiB
hku.hk/f/banner/14717/258c90/bannerSPACE.jpg	0.0 ms	21.8 KiB
hku.hk/assets/js/slide/banner.js?t=20230414	0.0 ms	18.1 KiB
hku.hk/assets/img/2014_Standard_Winner.png?t=20160921	0.0 ms	16.7 KiB
ssl.google-analytics.com/ga.js	7200.0 s	17.4 KiB
hku.hk/assets/img/cad-27th.png?t=20210628	0.0 ms	6.9 KiB
hku.hk/assets/img/WARS-Triple-Gold-hku-color.png?t=20230901	0.0 ms	6.5 KiB
static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-1966860.js?sv=7	60.0 s	6.2 KiB
hku.hk/assets/min/js/json_data.js?t=20230414	0.0 ms	5.6 KiB
hku.hk/assets/fonts/icomoon/fonts/wico.woff2	0.0 ms	4.9 KiB
hku.hk/assets/img/lib_slick/ajax-loader.gif	0.0 ms	4.7 KiB
hku.hk/assets/img/bg_header.png	0.0 ms	4.3 KiB
hku.hk/assets/js/device.min.js?t=20230414	0.0 ms	3.9 KiB
hku.hk/assets/css/print.css	0.0 ms	2.0 KiB
hku.hk/assets/js/high-contrast.js?t=20230414	0.0 ms	1.9 KiB
hku.hk/assets/img/svg/icon_android.svg	0.0 ms	1.4 KiB
hku.hk/assets/img/svg/icon_ios.svg	0.0 ms	1.4 KiB
hku.hk/assets/img/svg/icon_more.svg	0.0 ms	1.2 KiB
hku.hk/assets/img/svg/icon_fb.svg	0.0 ms	1.1 KiB

Consider setting font-display to swap or optional to ensure text is consistently visible. swap can be further optimized to mitigate layout shifts with font metric overrides.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Est Savings
hku.hk/assets/fonts/roboto-medium-webfont.woff2	765 ms
hku.hk/assets/fonts/roboto-bold-webfont.woff2	750 ms
hku.hk/assets/fonts/roboto-regular-webfont.woff2	745 ms
hku.hk/assets/fonts/frankruhllibre-bold-webfont.woff2	255 ms
hku.hk/assets/fonts/frankruhllibre-black-webfont.woff2	245 ms

A forced reflow occurs when JavaScript queries geometric properties (such as offsetWidth) after styles have been invalidated by a change to the DOM state. This can result in poor performance. Learn more about forced reflows and possible mitigations.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

headings: [map[key:source label:Top function call valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]

items: [map[reflowTime:66 source:map[column:30300 line:2 type:source-location url:https://hku.hk/assets/js/index.js?t=20230414 urlProvider:network]]]

headings: [map[key:source label:Source valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]

items: [map[reflowTime:1.14 source:map[column:87016 line:1 type:source-location url:https://hku.hk/assets/js/index.js?t=20230414 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:7.77 source:map[column:85979 line:1 type:source-location url:https://hku.hk/assets/js/index.js?t=20230414 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:5.23 source:map[column:51866 line:1 type:source-location url:https://hku.hk/assets/js/index.js?t=20230414 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:39.241 source:map[column:51844 line:1 type:source-location url:https://hku.hk/assets/js/index.js?t=20230414 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:7.162 source:map[column:87592 line:1 type:source-location url:https://hku.hk/assets/js/index.js?t=20230414 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.196 source:map[column:87079 line:1 type:source-location url:https://hku.hk/assets/js/index.js?t=20230414 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:4.414 source:map[column:14284 line:78 type:source-location url:https://hku.hk/assets/js/index.js?t=20230414 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.974 source:map[column:329 line:71 type:source-location url:https://hku.hk/assets/js/index.js?t=20230414 urlProvider:network]]]

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL	Resource Size	Est Savings
div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item `div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/260119_THE_Subject_Ranking_2026-07.jpg	1.4 MiB	1.2 MiB
div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item `div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/SGP%20Inaugural%20Week%201.png	1.4 MiB	1.2 MiB
div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item `div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/260119_THE_Subject_Ranking_2026-08.jpg	1.3 MiB	1.1 MiB
div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item `div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/260318_Website_3_Banner_CurrentV_3_EN.jpg	1.0 MiB	886.0 KiB
Building conservation careers while saving historical sites `div.caphoto__item > a.caphoto__img-w > div.caphoto__img-c > img.caphoto__img`	/f/photo/29049/864p0/TeachingAndLearning2_Training Guardi...	872.7 KiB	839.1 KiB
Restoring health and quality of life through safe swallowing innovations `div.caphoto__item > a.caphoto__img-w > div.caphoto__img-c > img.caphoto__img`	hku.hk/f/photo/29009/864p0/KnowledgeExchange3_Safe%20to%20Swallow_hero%202.jpg	830.3 KiB	796.7 KiB
30th Hong Kong Medical Forum `div.slick-track > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.flippy__poster`	hku.hk/f/poster/28940/527p0/30thHKMF1000x1382.png	574.9 KiB	547.0 KiB
div.section-adm__pic > div.section-adm__img-w > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item `div.section-adm__pic > div.section-adm__img-w > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/824c556/221018_AdmissionOnHKUHomeBanner_4.jpeg	450.5 KiB	418.1 KiB
HKU Summer Institute Summer Programmes 2026 Application opens now `div.slick-track > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.flippy__poster`	hku.hk/f/poster/28842/527p0/HKUbannerRoll.jpg	437.5 KiB	409.7 KiB
Master of Arts in the field of Hong Kong Cultural Studies `div.slick-track > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.flippy__poster`	hku.hk/f/poster/28943/527p0/mahkcs-in-hku-website-1000x1382.jpg	388.5 KiB	360.6 KiB
Events `div.flippy > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/flipboard/21473/527c345/flipboard-events.jpg	358.6 KiB	345.5 KiB
div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item `div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/QS-Asia-University-Ranking-2026.jpg	483.3 KiB	316.4 KiB
Careers `div.flippy > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/flipboard/21501/527c345/career.JPG	307.4 KiB	294.2 KiB
Prospective Students `div.flippy > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/flipboard/21471/527c345/ProspectiveStudents.JPG	303.7 KiB	290.5 KiB
Libraries `div.flippy > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/flipboard/21472/527c345/flipboard-libraries.jpg	280.5 KiB	267.3 KiB
Decentralising data collection for safer machine learning `div.caphoto__item > a.caphoto__img-w > div.caphoto__img-c > img.caphoto__img`	hku.hk/f/photo/29050/864p0/CoverStory4_A-Better-Way-to-Share.jpg	300.3 KiB	266.7 KiB
Giving to HKU `div.flippy > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/flipboard/7633/527c345/GivingtoHKU2022_updated.PNG	278.6 KiB	265.4 KiB
Current Students `div.flippy > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/flipboard/21470/527c345/currentstudent.JPG	260.0 KiB	246.8 KiB
Could AI one day develop a mind? HKU professor examines the philosophical impli… `div.caphoto__item > a.caphoto__img-w > div.caphoto__img-c > img.caphoto__img`	hku.hk/f/photo/29010/864p0/Research5_Does%20AI%20Have%20a%20Mind.jpg	260.6 KiB	227.0 KiB
News Centre `div.flippy > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/flipboard/7740/527c345/IMG_5829a.jpg	238.0 KiB	224.8 KiB
Publications `div.flippy > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/flipboard/21483/527c345/PubDec2025.png	218.6 KiB	205.4 KiB
Teaching & Learning `div.flippy > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/flipboard/7738/527c345/tnl2024.jpg	214.6 KiB	201.4 KiB
U-Vision Online `ul > li#banner_06 > a > img`	hku.hk/f/banner/331/258c90/uv_banner_350x123.gif	207.0 KiB	175.9 KiB
HKU in the Media `div.flippy > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/flipboard/21504/527c345/flipboard-hkuinthemedia.jpg	186.6 KiB	173.4 KiB
div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item `div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/251104_HKU-Highly-Cited-Research_banner.jpg	333.7 KiB	168.7 KiB
Publicity on hku.hk `div.flippy > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/flipboard/10567/527c345/publicity.jpg	180.7 KiB	167.5 KiB
Research `div.flippy > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/flipboard/7739/527c345/Research_2x_1054x694.jpg	108.7 KiB	95.5 KiB
Multimedia `div.flippy > a.flippy__inner > div.flippy__img-w > img.placeholder__item`	hku.hk/f/flipboard/7916/527c345/flipboard-multimedia.jpg	108.5 KiB	95.3 KiB
30th Hong Kong Medical Forum `ul > li#banner_03 > a > img`	hku.hk/f/banner/28939/258c90/30th%20HKMF_W350xH123.png	43.8 KiB	41.5 KiB
HKU Summer Institute Summer Programmes 2026 Application opens now `ul > li#banner_05 > a > img`	hku.hk/f/banner/28843/258c90/HKUsmallBanner.jpg	40.0 KiB	37.7 KiB
DeepTech100 cohort 7 `ul > li#banner_04 > a > img`	hku.hk/f/banner/29062/258c90/For%20HKU%20Web%20banner%20350%20x%20123%20px.png	36.1 KiB	33.8 KiB
Best .hk Website Awards 2016 `div.page-foot__right > div.foot-award > a.foot-award__item > img.foot-award__logo`	hku.hk/assets/img/besthk-logo-2016.png?t=20170511	34.5 KiB	32.3 KiB
HKU CEDARS - Centre of Development and Resources for Students `ul > li#banner_02 > a > img`	hku.hk/f/banner/27503/258c90/Untitled%20design.jpg	22.8 KiB	20.5 KiB
HKUSPACE `ul > li#banner_01 > a > img`	hku.hk/f/banner/14717/258c90/bannerSPACE.jpg	21.2 KiB	18.9 KiB
University Standard of Excellence in the WebAward 2014 `div.page-foot__right > div.foot-award > a.foot-award__item > img.foot-award__logo`	hku.hk/assets/img/2014_Standard_Winner.png?t=20160921	16.0 KiB	14.8 KiB

Each subpart has specific improvement strategies. Ideally, most of the LCP time should be spent on loading the resources, not within delays.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

headings: [map[key:label label:Subpart valueType:text] map[key:duration label:Duration valueType:ms]]

items: [map[duration:993.75 label:Time to first byte subpart:timeToFirstByte] map[duration:243.535 label:Resource load delay subpart:resourceLoadDelay] map[duration:2553.155 label:Resource load duration subpart:resourceLoadDuration] map[duration:71.122 label:Element render delay subpart:elementRenderDelay]]

lhId: page-3-IMG

nodeLabel: div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item

path: 4,HTML,1,BODY,6,DIV,4,DIV,0,DIV,1,MAIN,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,A,0,DIV,0,IMG

selector: div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item

snippet: <img class="placeholder__item" src="/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/260318_Website_3_Banner_CurrentV_3_EN.jpg" srcset="/f/frontpage/29052/3840c2160/260318_Website_3_Banner_CurrentV_3_EN.jpg 2x" alt="">

Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

lhId: page-3-IMG

nodeLabel: div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item

path: 4,HTML,1,BODY,6,DIV,4,DIV,0,DIV,1,MAIN,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,A,0,DIV,0,IMG

selector: div.slider__item > a > div.placeholder > img.placeholder__item

HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 offer many benefits over HTTP/1.1, such as multiplexing. Learn more about using modern HTTP.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Protocol
hku.hk/	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/css/index.css?t=20230414	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/js/device.min.js?t=20230414	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/js/high-contrast.js?t=20230414	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/img/hku-115.svg?t=1760950144	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/css/print.css	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/img/manifest.json	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/260318_Website_3_Banner_CurrentV_3_EN.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/SGP%20Inaugural%20Week%201.png	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/260119_THE_Subject_Ranking_2026-07.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/260119_THE_Subject_Ranking_2026-08.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/251104_HKU-Highly-Cited-Research_banner.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/QS-Asia-University-Ranking-2026.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/img/svg/icon_fb.svg	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/img/svg/icon_ios.svg	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/img/svg/icon_android.svg	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/img/svg/icon_more.svg	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/img/WARS-Triple-Gold-hku-color.png?t=20230901	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/img/besthk-logo-2016.png?t=20170511	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/img/2014_Standard_Winner.png?t=20160921	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/img/cad-27th.png?t=20210628	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/js/index.js?t=20230414	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/min/js/menu.js?t=20230414	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/min/js/mobile_menu.js?t=20230414	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/min/js/json_data.js?t=20230414	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/js/slide/banner.js?t=20230414	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/js/main.min.js?t=20230414	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/img/bg_header.png	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-1.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-2.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-3.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/fonts/roboto-regular-webfont.woff2	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/fonts/roboto-medium-webfont.woff2	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/fonts/icomoon/fonts/wico.woff2	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/fonts/frankruhllibre-bold-webfont.woff2	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/fonts/roboto-bold-webfont.woff2	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/flipboard/7738/527c345/tnl2024.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/flipboard/7740/527c345/IMG_5829a.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/flipboard/21504/527c345/flipboard-hkuinthemedia.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/flipboard/21471/527c345/ProspectiveStudents.JPG	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/flipboard/7739/527c345/Research_2x_1054x694.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/824c556/221018_AdmissionOnHKUHomeBanner_4.jpeg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-4.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-5.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-6.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/HKU_Miansite_Desktop_Fculties_Banner_Law.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-8.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-9.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/img_bhv-bg-10.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/img/home/img_bhv-bg-default.jpg?1598702724	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/photo/29050/864p0/CoverStory4_A-Better-Way-to-Share.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/photo/29010/864p0/Research5_Does%20AI%20Have%20a%20Mind.jpg	http/1.1
/f/photo/29049/864p0/TeachingAndLearning2_Training Guardi...	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/photo/29009/864p0/KnowledgeExchange3_Safe%20to%20Swallow_hero%202.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/poster/28943/527p0/mahkcs-in-hku-website-1000x1382.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/poster/28940/527p0/30thHKMF1000x1382.png	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/poster/28842/527p0/HKUbannerRoll.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/banner/14717/258c90/bannerSPACE.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/banner/27503/258c90/Untitled%20design.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/banner/28939/258c90/30th%20HKMF_W350xH123.png	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/banner/29062/258c90/For%20HKU%20Web%20banner%20350%20x%20123%20px.png	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/banner/28942/258c90/mahkcs-hku-banner-350x123px.gif	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/banner/28843/258c90/HKUsmallBanner.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/banner/331/258c90/uv_banner_350x123.gif	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/fonts/frankruhllibre-black-webfont.woff2	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/img/lib_slick/ajax-loader.gif	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/flipboard/21470/527c345/currentstudent.JPG	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/flipboard/21472/527c345/flipboard-libraries.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/flipboard/21473/527c345/flipboard-events.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/flipboard/7633/527c345/GivingtoHKU2022_updated.PNG	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/flipboard/21483/527c345/PubDec2025.png	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/flipboard/7916/527c345/flipboard-multimedia.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/flipboard/21501/527c345/career.JPG	http/1.1
hku.hk/f/flipboard/10567/527c345/publicity.jpg	http/1.1
hku.hk/assets/img/favicon.ico	http/1.1

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.

title: Preconnected origins

value: no origins were preconnected

description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.

title: Preconnect candidates

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size	Duration
hku.hk/assets/css/index.css?t=20230414	320.3 KiB	1.1 s
hku.hk/assets/js/high-contrast.js?t=20230414	1.9 KiB	849 ms
hku.hk/assets/js/device.min.js?t=20230414	3.9 KiB	849 ms

Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

Diagnostics

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 280 ms 274.6 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
hku.hk/assets/css/index.css?t=20230414	319.7 KiB	274.6 KiB

Minifying JavaScript files can reduce payload sizes and script parse time. Learn how to minify JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 0.0 ms 7.3 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
hku.hk/assets/js/slide/banner.js?t=20230414	17.5 KiB	7.3 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 0.0 ms 342.4 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
hku.hk/assets/js/index.js?t=20230414	354.7 KiB	169.7 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-M9F2TJ6	135.0 KiB	68.8 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-ZHLLDTLTMG&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h1	157.3 KiB	66.2 KiB
script.hotjar.com/modules.6a0f3932cb1341a35c18.js	56.1 KiB	37.7 KiB

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/260119_THE_Subject_Ranking_2026-07.jpg	1.4 MiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/SGP%20Inaugural%20Week%201.png	1.4 MiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/260119_THE_Subject_Ranking_2026-08.jpg	1.3 MiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/260318_Website_3_Banner_CurrentV_3_EN.jpg	1.0 MiB
/f/photo/29049/864p0/TeachingAndLearning2_Training Guardi...	873.4 KiB
hku.hk/f/photo/29009/864p0/KnowledgeExchange3_Safe%20to%20Swallow_hero%202.jpg	831.0 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c654/HKU_Miansite_Desktop_Fculties_Banner_Law.jpg	721.2 KiB
hku.hk/f/poster/28940/527p0/30thHKMF1000x1382.png	575.5 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/1920c1080/QS-Asia-University-Ranking-2026.jpg	483.9 KiB
hku.hk/f/frontpage/29052/824c556/221018_AdmissionOnHKUHomeBanner_4.jpeg	451.1 KiB

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL
Master of Arts in the field of Hong Kong Cultural Studies `ul > li#banner_04 > a > img`	hku.hk/f/banner/28942/258c90/mahkcs-hku-banner-350x123px.gif
U-Vision Online `ul > li#banner_06 > a > img`	hku.hk/f/banner/331/258c90/uv_banner_350x123.gif
Best .hk Website Awards 2016 `div.page-foot__right > div.foot-award > a.foot-award__item > img.foot-award__logo`	hku.hk/assets/img/besthk-logo-2016.png?t=20170511
Triple Gold Award of the Web Accessibility Recognition Scheme 2022/23 `div.page-foot__right > div.foot-award > a.foot-award__item > img.foot-award__logo`	hku.hk/assets/img/WARS-Triple-Gold-hku-color.png?t=20230901
HKUSPACE `ul > li#banner_01 > a > img`	hku.hk/f/banner/14717/258c90/bannerSPACE.jpg
HKU CEDARS - Centre of Development and Resources for Students `ul > li#banner_02 > a > img`	hku.hk/f/banner/27503/258c90/Untitled%20design.jpg
30th Hong Kong Medical Forum `ul > li#banner_03 > a > img`	hku.hk/f/banner/28939/258c90/30th%20HKMF_W350xH123.png
HKU Summer Institute Summer Programmes 2026 Application opens now `ul > li#banner_05 > a > img`	hku.hk/f/banner/28843/258c90/HKUsmallBanner.jpg
University Standard of Excellence in the WebAward 2014 `div.page-foot__right > div.foot-award > a.foot-award__item > img.foot-award__logo`	hku.hk/assets/img/2014_Standard_Winner.png?t=20160921
The 27th Annual Communicator Awards of Distinction `div.page-foot__right > div.foot-award > a.foot-award__item > img.foot-award__logo`	hku.hk/assets/img/cad-27th.png?t=20210628

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Max Potential First Input Delay 90 ms

●Layout shift culprits

●Optimize DOM size

●Optimize viewport for mobile

●Minify CSS

●User Timing marks and measures 5 user timings

●JavaScript execution time 0.4 s

●Minimizes main-thread work 1.8 s

●Avoid long main-thread tasks 3 long tasks found

●Avoid non-composited animations 31 animated elements found

●Page didn't prevent back/forward cache restoration

●Network Requests

●Network Round Trip Times 240 ms

●Server Backend Latencies 10 ms

●Tasks

●Diagnostics

●Metrics

●Screenshot Thumbnails

●Final Screenshot

●Script Treemap Data

●Resources Summary

●Avoid multiple page redirects

●Initial server response time was short Root document took 250 ms

●Avoid large layout shifts 4 layout shifts found

○INP breakdown

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

ARIA

Each ARIA `role` supports a specific subset of `aria-*` attributes. Mismatching these invalidates the `aria-*` attributes. Learn how to match ARIA attributes to their roles.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
2 `div.section-hero__slider > div.slick-dots-container > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide01`
1 `div.caphoto__slider > div.slick-dots-container > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide10`

Assistive technologies, like screen readers, can't interpret ARIA attributes with invalid values. Learn more about valid values for ARIA attributes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
1 `div.caphoto__slider > div.slick-dots-container > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide10`

Focusable descendents within an `[aria-hidden="true"]` element prevent those interactive elements from being available to users of assistive technologies like screen readers. Learn how `aria-hidden` affects focusable elements.

Why this matters

Informational: a Permissions-Policy directive showing feature -> allowed origins.

Source: MDN Permissions-Policy

Failing Elements
1 `div.section-hero__slider > div.slick-dots-container > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide00`
3 `div.section-hero__slider > div.slick-dots-container > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide02`
4 `div.section-hero__slider > div.slick-dots-container > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide03`
5 `div.section-hero__slider > div.slick-dots-container > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide04`
6 `div.section-hero__slider > div.slick-dots-container > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide05`
2 `div.caphoto__slider > div.slick-dots-container > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide11`
3 `div.caphoto__slider > div.slick-dots-container > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide12`
4 `div.caphoto__slider > div.slick-dots-container > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide13`

When an input field doesn't have an accessible name, screen readers announce it with a generic name, making it unusable for users who rely on screen readers. Learn more about input field labels.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.section-hero__cont > div.section-hero__slider > div.slick-list > div.slick-track `div.section-hero__cont > div.section-hero__slider > div.slick-list > div.slick-track`
A Better Way To Share Decentralising data collection for safer machine learning… `div.caphoto__cont > div.caphoto__slider > div.slick-list > div.slick-track`
Teaching & Learning News Centre HKU in the Media Prospective Students Research … `div.container-wide > div.flipboard__slider > div.slick-list > div.slick-track`
Master of Arts in the field of Hong Kong Cultural Studies `div.flippy > div.slider--poster > div.slick-list > div.slick-track`

When a toggle field doesn't have an accessible name, screen readers announce it with a generic name, making it unusable for users who rely on screen readers. Learn more about toggle fields.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.section-hero__slider > div.slick-list > div.slick-track > div.slider__item `div.section-hero__slider > div.slick-list > div.slick-track > div.slider__item`

These are opportunities to improve the usage of ARIA in your application which may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Contrast

Low-contrast text is difficult or impossible for many users to read. Learn how to provide sufficient color contrast.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Facebook `div.page-foot__left > ul.page-foot__list > li.page-foot__item > a.page-foot__link`
HKU IOS App `div.page-foot__left > ul.page-foot__list > li.page-foot__item > a.page-foot__link`
HKU Android App `div.page-foot__left > ul.page-foot__list > li.page-foot__item > a.page-foot__link`
Social Media and Apps `div.page-foot__left > ul.page-foot__list > li.page-foot__item > a.page-foot__link`
Careers `div.page-foot__left > ul.page-foot__list > li.page-foot__item > a.page-foot__link`
High Contrast `div.page-foot__left > ul.page-foot__list > li.page-foot__item > a#switch-contrast-1`
Maps & Facilities `div.page-foot__left > ul.page-foot__list > li.page-foot__item > a.page-foot__link`
Web Policies & Guidelines `div.page-foot__left > ul.page-foot__list > li.page-foot__item > a.page-foot__link`
Contact Us `div.page-foot__left > ul.page-foot__list > li.page-foot__item > a.page-foot__link`
Site Map `div.page-foot__left > ul.page-foot__list > li.page-foot__item > a.page-foot__link`
Privacy `div.page-foot__left > ul.page-foot__list > li.page-foot__item > a.page-foot__link`
Web Accessibility Statement `div.page-foot__left > ul.page-foot__list > li.page-foot__item > a.page-foot__link`
Copyright © 2026 The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. `div.container-wide > div.page-foot__inner > div.page-foot__right > p.foot-copyright`

These are opportunities to improve the legibility of your content.

Tables and lists

Screen readers have a specific way of announcing lists. Ensuring proper list structure aids screen reader output. Learn more about proper list structure.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
1 2 3 4 5 6 `div.section-hero__cont > div.section-hero__slider > div.slick-dots-container > ul.slick-dots`
1 2 3 4 `div.caphoto__cont > div.caphoto__slider > div.slick-dots-container > ul.slick-dots`

These are opportunities to improve the experience of reading tabular or list data using assistive technology, like a screen reader.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

●Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

●`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links have a discernible name

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

●Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order

●`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

●Document has a main landmark.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

●Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Form elements have associated labels

○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Identical links have the same purpose.

○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

100

Best Practices

●Uses HTTPS

●Avoids deprecated APIs

●Avoids third-party cookies

●Allows users to paste into input fields

●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load

●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load

●Displays images with correct aspect ratio

●Serves images with appropriate resolution

●Page has the HTML doctype

●Properly defines charset

●No browser errors logged to the console

●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools

●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks

●Use a strong HSTS policy

●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP

●Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP

●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types

●Detected JavaScript libraries

●Page has valid source maps

○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS

100

SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

○Structured data is valid

●Page isn’t blocked from indexing

●Document has a `<title>` element

●Document has a meta description

●Page has successful HTTP status code

●Links have descriptive text

●Links are crawlable

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●Document has a valid `hreflang`

○robots.txt is valid

○Document has a valid `rel=canonical`