Lighthouse Desktop

· 0 checks — Desktop Lighthouse audit -- Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, and SEO category breakdown.

SCORE

GRADE

FIX

REVIEW

PASS

INFO

Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Request	Cache TTL	Transfer Size
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/tache.png	0.0 ms	770.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/clemsonuniversity_cmyk__orangepurple.jpg	0.0 ms	688.9 KiB
/images/april-read-and-publish-webinar-website-flyer-pane...	0.0 ms	408.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/library_partnerships_ffoapa.jpg	0.0 ms	259.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-header-hp-2000x360.png	0.0 ms	160.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/proud-supporter-of-wfcf-20250113.png	0.0 ms	43.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595786.webp	0.0 ms	26.7 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522522423.webp	0.0 ms	24.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522577003.webp	0.0 ms	24.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799818755.webp	0.0 ms	23.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799828747.webp	0.0 ms	23.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522558798.webp	0.0 ms	21.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562528.webp	0.0 ms	20.9 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522527886.webp	0.0 ms	20.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799825173.webp	0.0 ms	20.2 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823100.webp	0.0 ms	19.9 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557241.webp	0.0 ms	19.7 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822080.webp	0.0 ms	19.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799830382.webp	0.0 ms	19.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522526339.webp	0.0 ms	18.9 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819349.webp	0.0 ms	18.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595991.webp	0.0 ms	18.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814689.webp	0.0 ms	18.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821939.webp	0.0 ms	17.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522572565.webp	0.0 ms	17.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824510.webp	0.0 ms	17.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821168.webp	0.0 ms	17.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799826538.webp	0.0 ms	17.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799833833.webp	0.0 ms	16.9 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522559368.webp	0.0 ms	16.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522527916.webp	0.0 ms	16.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822127.webp	0.0 ms	16.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562498.webp	0.0 ms	16.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557968.webp	0.0 ms	16.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799829010.webp	0.0 ms	15.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814009.webp	0.0 ms	15.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821328.webp	0.0 ms	15.7 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562405.webp	0.0 ms	15.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824572.webp	0.0 ms	15.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799813095.webp	0.0 ms	15.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522551096.webp	0.0 ms	14.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-logo-loc.webp	0.0 ms	14.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823254.webp	0.0 ms	14.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819783.webp	0.0 ms	12.8 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-logo.webp	0.0 ms	11.9 KiB
conferences.upcea.edu/regional/images/UPCEA-Logo.jpg	0.0 ms	11.0 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.js	604800.0 s	83.5 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799817604.webp	0.0 ms	7.6 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522592549.webp	0.0 ms	7.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522597155.webp	0.0 ms	6.2 KiB
js.zi-scripts.com/zi-tag.js	0.0 ms	5.7 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/generic-img-set.png	0.0 ms	4.8 KiB
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	604800.0 s	43.9 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/cope-logo-footer-white.webp	0.0 ms	2.8 KiB
/fonts/open-sans-condensed/open-sans-condensed-v12-latin-...	604800.0 s	14.5 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/slick/ajax-loader.gif	604800.0 s	4.4 KiB
www.igi-global.com/includes/currency.js	604800.0 s	2.7 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Images/loading-ico.gif	604800.0 s	984 B

Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Consider setting font-display to swap or optional to ensure text is consistently visible. swap can be further optimized to mitigate layout shifts with font metric overrides.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Est Savings
/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/fonts/bootstrap-icons.wo...	35 ms

A forced reflow occurs when JavaScript queries geometric properties (such as offsetWidth) after styles have been invalidated by a change to the DOM state. This can result in poor performance. Learn more about forced reflows and possible mitigations.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

headings: [map[key:source label:Top function call valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]

items: [map[reflowTime:51.524 source:map[column:30286 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]]]

headings: [map[key:source label:Source valueType:source-location] map[granularity:1 key:reflowTime label:Total reflow time valueType:ms]]

items: [map[reflowTime:24.225 source:map[column:31379 line:21 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:13.623 source:map[column:27484 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:6.628 source:map[column:29559 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:5.298 source:map[column:27506 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:1.75 source:map[column:29573 line:22 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.068 source:map[column:218 line:30886 type:source-location url:https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 urlProvider:network]] map[reflowTime:0.385 source:map[type:text value:[unattributed]]]]

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL	Resource Size	Est Savings
Slide 4 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/tache.png	769.1 KiB	756.4 KiB
Slide 3 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/clemsonuniversity_cmyk__orangepurple.jpg	687.7 KiB	675.0 KiB
Slide 1 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	/images/april-read-and-publish-webinar-website-flyer-pane...	407.3 KiB	394.9 KiB
Slide 2 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/library_partnerships_ffoapa.jpg	258.5 KiB	245.8 KiB
Publishing Tomorrow’s Research Today Nearly 200 Open Access Journals \| 10,000+ … `body > form#aspnetForm > div.jumbotron`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-header-hp-2000x360.png	160.0 KiB	42.8 KiB
World Forgotten Children's Foundation `div.footer-rightside-container > div > a.margin-left-25 > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/proud-supporter-of-wfcf-20250113.png	42.9 KiB	39.8 KiB
Blockchain Technology for Global Social Change `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595786.webp	26.3 KiB	18.7 KiB
Applying the Flipped Classroom Model to English Language Arts Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522522423.webp	23.9 KiB	17.3 KiB
Management Training Programs in Higher Education for the Fourth Industrial Revo… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799818755.webp	22.9 KiB	16.3 KiB
Technology Optimization and Change Management for Successful Digital Supply Cha… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522577003.webp	23.7 KiB	16.3 KiB
Managerial Challenges and Social Impacts of Virtual and Augmented Reality `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799828747.webp	22.8 KiB	16.2 KiB
Identifying, Describing, and Developing Teachers Who Are Gifted and Talented `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522558798.webp	21.0 KiB	14.5 KiB
Study Abroad Opportunities for Community College Students and Strategies for Gl… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562528.webp	20.5 KiB	14.1 KiB
Challenges and Opportunities for Transforming From STEM to STEAM Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799825173.webp	19.8 KiB	14.1 KiB
Theory and Practice of Business Intelligence in Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823100.webp	19.5 KiB	13.9 KiB
Research-Based Perspectives on the Psychophysiology of Yoga `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522527886.webp	19.8 KiB	13.8 KiB
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusivity in Contemporary Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557241.webp	19.4 KiB	13.3 KiB
Preparing Students for Community-Engaged Scholarship in Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822080.webp	19.2 KiB	13.2 KiB
Sustainable Health and Long-Term Care Solutions for an Aging Population `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522526339.webp	18.5 KiB	12.9 KiB
Innovations, Algorithms, and Applications in Cognitive Informatics and Natural … `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799830382.webp	18.7 KiB	12.8 KiB
Handbook of Research on Project Management Strategies and Tools for Organizatio… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819349.webp	18.4 KiB	12.6 KiB
Gender Equity in the Medical Profession `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595991.webp	17.8 KiB	12.2 KiB
Handbook of Research on the Efficacy of Training Programs and Systems in Medica… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814689.webp	17.7 KiB	12.1 KiB
Enhancements and Limitations to ICT-Based Informal Language Learning `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821168.webp	17.0 KiB	12.1 KiB
Managing Patients' Organizations to Improve Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799826538.webp	17.0 KiB	12.1 KiB
CSR and Socially Responsible Investing Strategies in Transitioning and Emerging… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821939.webp	17.2 KiB	11.8 KiB
Promoting Productive Cooperation Between Space Lawyers and Engineers `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522572565.webp	17.1 KiB	11.8 KiB
Hospital Management and Emergency Medicine `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824510.webp	17.1 KiB	11.7 KiB
Enriching Teaching and Learning Environments With Contemporary Technologies `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799833833.webp	16.5 KiB	11.4 KiB
Curriculum Internationalization and the Future of Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522527916.webp	16.3 KiB	11.3 KiB
Handbook of Research on E-Assessment in Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522559368.webp	16.3 KiB	11.2 KiB
Evidence-Based Faculty Development Through the Scholarship of Teaching and Lear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822127.webp	16.1 KiB	11.0 KiB
Handbook of Research on Field-Based Teacher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562498.webp	16.0 KiB	11.0 KiB
Teaching Literature and Language Through Multimodal Texts `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557968.webp	15.8 KiB	10.8 KiB
IGI Global Scientific Publishing `div.container-fluid > div.d-flex > a.navbar-brand > img.imgHeaderImage`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-logo-loc.webp	14.4 KiB	10.8 KiB
Measuring and Implementing Altmetrics in Library and Information Science Resear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799813095.webp	14.9 KiB	10.6 KiB
Inclusive Theory and Practice in Special Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799829010.webp	15.4 KiB	10.6 KiB
Handbook of Research on Software for Gifted and Talented School Activities in K… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814009.webp	15.4 KiB	10.6 KiB
Handbook of Research on Developing Engaging Online Courses `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821328.webp	15.4 KiB	10.6 KiB
Handmade Teaching Materials for Students With Disabilities `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562405.webp	15.1 KiB	10.4 KiB
Religion and Theology `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824572.webp	15.0 KiB	10.3 KiB
Pedagogy Development for Teaching Online Music `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522551096.webp	14.5 KiB	9.9 KiB
UXD and UCD Approaches for Accessible Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823254.webp	14.0 KiB	9.6 KiB
Handbook of Research on Citizenship and Heritage Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819783.webp	12.4 KiB	8.5 KiB
Slide 5 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	conferences.upcea.edu/regional/images/UPCEA-Logo.jpg	10.9 KiB	5.9 KiB

Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

lhId: page-4-DIV

nodeLabel: Publishing Tomorrow’s Research Today Nearly 200 Open Access Journals | 10,000+ …

path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,0,FORM,12,DIV

selector: body > form#aspnetForm > div.jumbotron

snippet: <div class="jumbotron feature-banner books-banner margin-bottom-20-xs" style="background-image: url("https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global…");">

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.

title: Preconnected origins

value: no origins were preconnected

description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.

title: Preconnect candidates

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size	Duration
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	1.3 MiB	1.1 s
/bundles/css/bookstore2025?v=uwwvq1dzmstfctgeonspvpcs-hnq...	545.5 KiB	562 ms
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.js	83.5 KiB	56 ms
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	43.9 KiB	56 ms
/ScriptResource.axd?d=NJmAwtEo3Ipnlaxl6CMhvkql_yXEPqA7jqG...	25.4 KiB
/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcFUV13He1Qd6_TZPmWIJVCCio-VoI6Un...	22.9 KiB	56 ms
/ScriptResource.axd?d=dwY9oWetJoJoVpgL6Zq8OKoo7b305hGqSpT...	10.1 KiB
/ScriptResource.axd?d=nv7asgRUU0tRmHNR2D6t1C7Uy6VRPLvoS3l...	5.7 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/bootstrap-icons.css	13.7 KiB	202 ms

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 271 ms

URL	Time Spent
igi-global.com/	271 ms
www.igi-global.com/	0.0 ms

Keep the server response time for the main document short because all other requests depend on it. Learn more about the Time to First Byte metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 728 ms

URL	Time Spent
www.igi-global.com/	828 ms

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

Diagnostics

Minifying CSS files can reduce network payload sizes. Learn how to minify CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 220 ms 252.9 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/bundles/css/bookstore2025?v=uwwvq1dzmstfctgeonspvpcs-hnq...	545.5 KiB	249.7 KiB
.carousel-arrows-wrapper { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 8px; … } …	3.7 KiB	3.2 KiB

Minifying JavaScript files can reduce payload sizes and script parse time. Learn how to minify JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 340 ms 411.9 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	1.3 MiB	349.2 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.js	83.2 KiB	41.5 KiB
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	43.6 KiB	14.8 KiB
/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcFUV13He1Qd6_TZPmWIJVCCio-VoI6Un...	22.5 KiB	6.4 KiB

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 560 ms 530.0 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/bundles/css/bookstore2025?v=uwwvq1dzmstfctgeonspvpcs-hnq...	544.6 KiB	516.7 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/bootstrap-icons.css	13.3 KiB	13.3 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 1.1 s 1.2 MiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	1.3 MiB	1023.8 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4Y3CX4YME3	167.1 KiB	66.0 KiB
www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.js	83.2 KiB	62.2 KiB
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	43.6 KiB	32.8 KiB
/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcFUV13He1Qd6_TZPmWIJVCCio-VoI6Un...	22.5 KiB	22.0 KiB

Many navigations are performed by going back to a previous page, or forwards again. The back/forward cache (bfcache) can speed up these return navigations. Learn more about the bfcache

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failure reason	Failure type
The page has an unload handler in the main frame.	Actionable

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	1.3 MiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/tache.png	770.3 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/clemsonuniversity_cmyk__orangepurple.jpg	688.9 KiB
/bundles/css/bookstore2025?v=uwwvq1dzmstfctgeonspvpcs-hnq...	545.5 KiB
/images/april-read-and-publish-webinar-website-flyer-pane...	408.1 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/library_partnerships_ffoapa.jpg	259.2 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4Y3CX4YME3	167.4 KiB
coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-header-hp-2000x360.png	160.5 KiB
www.igi-global.com/	152.5 KiB
/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/fonts/bootstrap-icons.wo...	127.7 KiB

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL
World Forgotten Children's Foundation `div.footer-rightside-container > div > a.margin-left-25 > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/proud-supporter-of-wfcf-20250113.png
Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) `div.footer-rightside-container > div > a.margin-left-25 > img.mobile-mt-2`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/cope-logo-footer-white.webp

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Layout shift culprits

●Optimize DOM size

●LCP breakdown

●Modern HTTP

●Optimize viewport for mobile

●Max Potential First Input Delay 50 ms

●User Timing marks and measures 5 user timings

●JavaScript execution time 0.2 s

●Minimizes main-thread work 0.5 s

●Avoid long main-thread tasks 1 long task found

●Network Requests

●Network Round Trip Times 160 ms

●Server Backend Latencies 550 ms

●Tasks

●Diagnostics

●Metrics

●Screenshot Thumbnails

●Final Screenshot

●Script Treemap Data

●Resources Summary

●Avoid large layout shifts 1 layout shift found

○INP breakdown

○Avoid non-composited animations

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Navigation

Properly ordered headings that do not skip levels convey the semantic structure of the page, making it easier to navigate and understand when using assistive technologies. Learn more about heading order.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Librarians `div.row > div.col > div.p-3 > h4.mb-2`

These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

Names and labels

Form elements without effective labels can create frustrating experiences for screen reader users. Learn more about the `select` element.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Research Content Site Content `div.d-flex > div#desktopSearch > div.input-group > select#ddlSearchTypeNav`

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Best practices

One main landmark helps screen reader users navigate a web page. Learn more about landmarks.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
html.js `html.js`

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●Form elements have associated labels

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links have a discernible name

●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

●Identical links have the same purpose.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Skip links are focusable.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

Best Practices

User Experience

Image display dimensions should match natural aspect ratio. Learn more about image aspect ratio.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL	Aspect Ratio (Displayed)	Aspect Ratio (Actual)
Slide 1 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	/images/april-read-and-publish-webinar-website-flyer-pane...	356 x 220 (1.62)	1920 x 1344 (1.43)
Slide 4 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/tache.png	356 x 220 (1.62)	1280 x 720 (1.78)
Slide 3 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/clemsonuniversity_cmyk__orangepurple.jpg	356 x 220 (1.62)	1201 x 600 (2.00)
Slide 2 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/library_partnerships_ffoapa.jpg	356 x 220 (1.62)	683 x 512 (1.33)
Applying the Flipped Classroom Model to English Language Arts Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522522423.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 601 (0.67)
Applying the Flipped Classroom Model to English Language Arts Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522522423.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 601 (0.67)
Applying the Flipped Classroom Model to English Language Arts Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522522423.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 601 (0.67)
Challenges and Opportunities for Transforming From STEM to STEAM Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799825173.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Measuring and Implementing Altmetrics in Library and Information Science Resear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799813095.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Enhancements and Limitations to ICT-Based Informal Language Learning `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821168.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Managerial Challenges and Social Impacts of Virtual and Augmented Reality `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799828747.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Management Training Programs in Higher Education for the Fourth Industrial Revo… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799818755.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Managing Patients' Organizations to Improve Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799826538.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Challenges and Opportunities for Transforming From STEM to STEAM Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799825173.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Measuring and Implementing Altmetrics in Library and Information Science Resear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799813095.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Enhancements and Limitations to ICT-Based Informal Language Learning `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821168.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Managerial Challenges and Social Impacts of Virtual and Augmented Reality `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799828747.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Management Training Programs in Higher Education for the Fourth Industrial Revo… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799818755.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Managing Patients' Organizations to Improve Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799826538.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Challenges and Opportunities for Transforming From STEM to STEAM Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799825173.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Theory and Practice of Business Intelligence in Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823100.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Blockchain Technology for Global Social Change `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595786.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Theory and Practice of Business Intelligence in Healthcare `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823100.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Blockchain Technology for Global Social Change `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595786.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 574 (0.70)
Handbook of Research on Developing Engaging Online Courses `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821328.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Project Management Strategies and Tools for Organizatio… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819349.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Hospital Management and Emergency Medicine `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824510.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Evidence-Based Faculty Development Through the Scholarship of Teaching and Lear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822127.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Innovations, Algorithms, and Applications in Cognitive Informatics and Natural … `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799830382.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Inclusive Theory and Practice in Special Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799829010.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Religion and Theology `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824572.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
UXD and UCD Approaches for Accessible Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823254.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Citizenship and Heritage Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819783.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Enriching Teaching and Learning Environments With Contemporary Technologies `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799833833.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Preparing Students for Community-Engaged Scholarship in Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822080.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
CSR and Socially Responsible Investing Strategies in Transitioning and Emerging… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821939.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Developing Engaging Online Courses `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821328.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Project Management Strategies and Tools for Organizatio… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819349.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Hospital Management and Emergency Medicine `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824510.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Evidence-Based Faculty Development Through the Scholarship of Teaching and Lear… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822127.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Innovations, Algorithms, and Applications in Cognitive Informatics and Natural … `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799830382.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Inclusive Theory and Practice in Special Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799829010.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Religion and Theology `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824572.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
UXD and UCD Approaches for Accessible Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823254.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Citizenship and Heritage Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819783.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Enriching Teaching and Learning Environments With Contemporary Technologies `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799833833.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Preparing Students for Community-Engaged Scholarship in Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822080.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
CSR and Socially Responsible Investing Strategies in Transitioning and Emerging… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821939.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Developing Engaging Online Courses `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799821328.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Project Management Strategies and Tools for Organizatio… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799819349.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusivity in Contemporary Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557241.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Gender Equity in the Medical Profession `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595991.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on the Efficacy of Training Programs and Systems in Medica… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814689.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Software for Gifted and Talented School Activities in K… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814009.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handmade Teaching Materials for Students With Disabilities `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562405.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Identifying, Describing, and Developing Teachers Who Are Gifted and Talented `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522558798.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Technology Optimization and Change Management for Successful Digital Supply Cha… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522577003.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Promoting Productive Cooperation Between Space Lawyers and Engineers `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522572565.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Field-Based Teacher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562498.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on E-Assessment in Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522559368.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Study Abroad Opportunities for Community College Students and Strategies for Gl… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562528.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Pedagogy Development for Teaching Online Music `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522551096.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Teaching Literature and Language Through Multimodal Texts `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557968.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusivity in Contemporary Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557241.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Gender Equity in the Medical Profession `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595991.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on the Efficacy of Training Programs and Systems in Medica… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814689.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Software for Gifted and Talented School Activities in K… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799814009.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handmade Teaching Materials for Students With Disabilities `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562405.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Identifying, Describing, and Developing Teachers Who Are Gifted and Talented `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522558798.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Technology Optimization and Change Management for Successful Digital Supply Cha… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522577003.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Promoting Productive Cooperation Between Space Lawyers and Engineers `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522572565.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Field-Based Teacher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562498.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on E-Assessment in Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522559368.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Study Abroad Opportunities for Community College Students and Strategies for Gl… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522562528.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Pedagogy Development for Teaching Online Music `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522551096.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Teaching Literature and Language Through Multimodal Texts `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557968.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusivity in Contemporary Higher Education `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522557241.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
Gender Equity in the Medical Profession `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522595991.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	400 x 528 (0.76)
IGI Global Scientific Publishing `div.login-background > div.text-align-left > div.text-align-center > img.logo-img`	coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-logo.webp	265 x 68 (3.90)	494 x 141 (3.50)
Slide 5 image `div.slick-card > div.img-wrap > a > img`	conferences.upcea.edu/regional/images/UPCEA-Logo.jpg	356 x 220 (1.62)	214 x 143 (1.50)
Start-Ups and SMEs `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799817604.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	150 x 198 (0.76)
Encyclopedia of Criminal Activities and the Deep Web `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522597155.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	150 x 198 (0.76)
Start-Ups and SMEs `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799817604.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	150 x 198 (0.76)
Encyclopedia of Criminal Activities and the Deep Web `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522597155.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	150 x 198 (0.76)
Start-Ups and SMEs `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799817604.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	150 x 198 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Clinical Applications of Computerized Occlusal Analysis… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522592549.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	150 x 198 (0.76)
Handbook of Research on Clinical Applications of Computerized Occlusal Analysis… `div.carousel-item > a > div.carousel-img-container > img.cover-img-b`	coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522592549.webp	222 x 298 (0.74)	150 x 198 (0.76)

Browser Compatibility

Specifying a doctype prevents the browser from switching to quirks-mode. Learn more about the doctype declaration.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

General

Deprecated APIs will eventually be removed from the browser. Learn more about deprecated APIs.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Deprecation / Warning	Source
Unload event listeners are deprecated and will be removed.	/ScriptResource.axd?d=NJmAwtEo3Ipnlaxl6CMhvkql_yXEPqA7jqG... line 4, col 57515

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Source Description

Source	Description
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g... line 22846, col 19334	TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading 'add') at e.initADA (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:19335) at e.init (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:19101) at new <anonymous> (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:2832) at i.fn.slick (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:42781) at HTMLDocument.<anonymous> (https://www.igi-global.com/:401:25) at i (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:27449) at Object.fireWith [as resolveWith] (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:28213) at n.ready (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:30006) at HTMLDocument.K (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:30368)

/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g... line 22846, col 19334

TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading 'add')
    at e.initADA (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:19335)
    at e.init (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:19101)
    at new <anonymous> (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:2832)
    at i.fn.slick (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22847:42781)
    at HTMLDocument.<anonymous> (https://www.igi-global.com/:401:25)
    at i (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:27449)
    at Object.fireWith [as resolveWith] (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:28213)
    at n.ready (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:30006)
    at HTMLDocument.K (https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1:22:30368)

Source maps translate minified code to the original source code. This helps developers debug in production. In addition, Lighthouse is able to provide further insights. Consider deploying source maps to take advantage of these benefits. Learn more about source maps.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Map URL
/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g...	www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/jquery-1.12.4.min.map;
/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...	/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/boots...

●Uses HTTPS

●Avoids third-party cookies

●Allows users to paste into input fields

●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load

●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load

●Serves images with appropriate resolution

●Properly defines charset

●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools

●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks

●Use a strong HSTS policy

●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP

●Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP

●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types

●Detected JavaScript libraries

○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS

100

SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

○Structured data is valid

●Page isn’t blocked from indexing

●Document has a `<title>` element

●Document has a meta description

●Page has successful HTTP status code

●Links have descriptive text

●Links are crawlable

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●Document has a valid `hreflang`

●Document has a valid `rel=canonical`

○robots.txt is valid