Accessibility

· 13 checks — Landmarks, headings, alt text, forms, and link quality rolled into one auditable list.

SCORE

GRADE

FIX

REVIEW

PASS

INFO

Checks

4 PASS 4 REVIEW 5 FIX

404 Error Page

Action

HTTP 403, custom page

FIX

HTTP 403, custom page

Unexpected status code: HTTP 403

Expected HTTP 404 but received 403. This may confuse search engine crawlers.

Got: HTTP 403

Custom styled 404 page

404 Page Quality ✓ Custom 404 Page

Status Code HTTP 403 ✗Page Title Just a moment... ✓Custom Styling ✓Navigation ✗Homepage Link ✗Search Form ✗

Web Manifest

Action

Not found

FIX

Not found

No web manifest found

No manifest at standard paths (/manifest.json, /site.webmanifest). A manifest is optional but enables PWA features like home screen installation and standalone display.

No web manifest found.

Dark Mode Support

Action

No dark mode signals

FIX

No dark mode signals

No dark mode signals detected

Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles

External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.

Dark ModeNo Dark Mode Detected

color-scheme meta Not set ✗Dark theme-color Not set ✗CSS indicators Not detected ✗

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles.

Print Stylesheet

Action

No print styles

FIX

No print styles

No print-specific styles detected

When users print this page, they get the screen layout including navigation and non-essential elements. Add @media print rules to hide navigation and optimize layout for paper.

Print Stylesheet No Print Styles

Print stylesheet Not found ✗Inline @media print Not detected ✗

Landmark Structure

Action

7 landmarks

REVIEW

7 landmarks

No <main> landmark found

Screen reader users cannot quickly navigate to the primary content. Wrap your main content in <main>.

5 <nav> landmark(s) found

1 of 5 <nav> elements are unlabeled

Multiple navigations need aria-label to distinguish them for screen readers.

Skip navigation link present

Page Structure — as a screen reader sees it

Screen reader users cannot quickly navigate to the primary content. Wrap your main content in <main>.

Why this matters

Without a <main> landmark, screen-reader users can't skip past the navigation to the page content — every page starts with re-reading the menu.

Learn more ▾

The <main> element marks the page's primary content area. Assistive tech offers a 'jump to main' shortcut — but only if <main> exists. Without it, every page navigation forces re-reading the header. Wrap your primary content in a single <main>.

Source: WAI-ARIA / WCAG 2.4.1

Multiple navigations need aria-label to distinguish them for screen readers.

Why this matters

Some <nav> elements lack aria-label — screen-reader users hear 'navigation' multiple times with no way to distinguish them.

Learn more ▾

When a page has multiple <nav> regions (primary, footer, breadcrumb), each needs aria-label or aria-labelledby. AT users navigate by landmark; identical 'navigation' announcements force them to enter each one to discover purpose.

Source: WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices

Heading Hierarchy

91 headings, 1 skip(s)

REVIEW

91 headings, 1 skip(s)

Multiple H1 headings (2 found)

A page should have only one H1. Multiple H1s dilute the document outline.

Heading level skipped: H2 → H4 (missing H3)

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

H2 Utility menu
H1 Institute of Physics
H2 Latest news at the IOP
H2 IOP responds to £2bn government plan for quantum
H2 IOP welcomes news on national photonics strategy
H2 Michele Dougherty steps down as IOP President
H2 Open letter to the Science Minister from Heads of Physics
H2 IOP extends cautious welcome to government plans to create additional teachers
H2 Chief executive of IOP comments on £270,000 fine for physics exam paper errors
H2 IOP welcomes UK government commitment to fusion energy
H2 IOP and Quantum Exponential partner to boost UK quantum technology start-ups
H2 IOP responds to £2bn government plan for quantum
H2 IOP welcomes news on national photonics strategy
H2 Michele Dougherty steps down as IOP President
H2 Open letter to the Science Minister from Heads of Physics
H2 IOP extends cautious welcome to government plans to create additional teachers
H2 Chief executive of IOP comments on £270,000 fine for physics exam paper errors
H2 IOP welcomes UK government commitment to fusion energy
H2 IOP and Quantum Exponential partner to boost UK quantum technology start-ups
H2 IOP responds to £2bn government plan for quantum
H2 IOP welcomes news on national photonics strategy
H2 Artemis II: our journey to the Moon begins with physics
H2 Mimi’s Tiny Adventure teacher guide
H2 Upcoming events and conferences for the physics community
H2 Hucknall Flight Test Museum Visit
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 Become an IOP Fellow (FInstP)
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 UK Nuclear Energy - Dealing with challenges from the last 70 years, whilst enabling opportunities for the next 70 years
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 The OpenFlexure Microscope: A 3D-printed microscope for teaching, research and medicine
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 Topological Physics in Condensed Matter
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 Why is neutronium not part of everyday matter, and why does it matter?
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 3 Minute Wonder Science Communication Competition - LSE Branch Heat
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 Ocean Hydrothermal Vents and the Rare Earths - A Conundrum
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 Hucknall Flight Test Museum Visit
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 Become an IOP Fellow (FInstP)
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 UK Nuclear Energy - Dealing with challenges from the last 70 years, whilst enabling opportunities for the next 70 years
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 The OpenFlexure Microscope: A 3D-printed microscope for teaching, research and medicine
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 Topological Physics in Condensed Matter
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 Why is neutronium not part of everyday matter, and why does it matter?
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 3 Minute Wonder Science Communication Competition - LSE Branch Heat
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 Ocean Hydrothermal Vents and the Rare Earths - A Conundrum
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 Hucknall Flight Test Museum Visit
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H2 Become an IOP Fellow (FInstP)
H3 Starts
H3 Ends
H1 Become an IOP member duplicate H1
H2 Take physics further with your IOP membership
H2 Latest updates in physics from Physics World and the IOP
H2 Medical Physics in the UK impact project pathfinder
H2 Collisional quantum gates created using fermionic atoms
H2 Chief executive of IOP comments on £270,000 fine for physics exam paper errors
H2 IOP welcomes UK government commitment to fusion energy
H2 Artemis II: our journey to the Moon begins with physics
H2 Mimi’s Tiny Adventure teacher guide
H2 IOP and Quantum Exponential partner to boost UK quantum technology start-ups
H2 Gauge theory could give quantum error correction a boost
H4 Pagination skipped
H2 Footer

A page should have only one H1. Multiple H1s dilute the document outline.

Why this matters

Multiple H1s blur the page's primary topic — screen-reader users and Google both prefer one H1.

Learn more ▾

HTML5's outline algorithm technically allows multiple H1s within sectioning content, but no browser implements it. In practice: one H1 per page. Use H2-H6 for subsections.

Source: WCAG 2.4.6 / Google Search Central

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

Why this matters

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline — screen-reader users lose track of section nesting.

Learn more ▾

Screen reader users navigate by jumping between headings (H1 → H2 → H3). Skipping (H1 → H3) breaks the sense of hierarchy. Use sequential levels even if you don't like the default styling — restyle with CSS instead. WCAG 1.3.1 (Info and Relationships) treats this as an A failure.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / W3C WAI

Link & Button Quality

Action

47 issue(s) across 155 links and 10 buttons

REVIEW

47 issue(s) across 155 links and 10 buttons

1 link(s) with no accessible text

Links without text are announced as raw URLs by screen readers.

Got: https://www.iop.org/cdn-cgi/content?id=GRFXgzWBmqTbDklod65HHnLnK4n7dsXpWx3u9P…

46 link(s) with generic text

Generic link text like 'click here' doesn't describe the destination.

Got: /about/news/response-government-plan-quantum ("Read more"); /about/news/iop-welcomes-news-on-national-photonics-strategy ("Read more"); /about/news/michele-dougherty-steps-down-as-iop-president ("Read more"); /about/news/open-letter-science-minister-heads-physics ("Read more"); /about/news/iop-extends-cautious-welcome-government-plans-additional-teachers ("Read more"); /about/news/chief-executive-iop-comments-270000-fine ("Read more"); /about/news/welcome-government-commitment-to-fusion-energy ("Read more"); /about/news/partnership-to-boost-quantum-tech-start-ups ("Read more"); /about/news/response-government-plan-quantum ("Read more"); /about/news/iop-welcomes-news-on-national-photonics-strategy ("Read more") (+36 more)

4 link(s) open in new tab without warning

Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.

Got: https://www.facebook.com/instituteofphysics; https://bsky.app/profile/iop.org; https://www.youtube.com/user/InstituteofPhysics; https://www.instagram.com/institute_of_physics

104 link(s) with descriptive text

155 links

1 empty

46 generic text

4 new tab

0 empty buttons

Element	Text	Issue	Suggested Fix
https://www.iop.org/cdn-cgi/content?id=G…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/about/news/response-government-plan-qua…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Response Government Plan Quantum
/about/news/iop-welcomes-news-on-nationa…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Iop Welcomes News On National Photonics Strategy
/about/news/michele-dougherty-steps-down…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Michele Dougherty Steps Down As Iop President
/about/news/open-letter-science-minister…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Open Letter Science Minister Heads Physics
/about/news/iop-extends-cautious-welcome…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Iop Extends Cautious Welcome Government Plans Additional Teachers
/about/news/chief-executive-iop-comments…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Chief Executive Iop Comments 270000 Fine
/about/news/welcome-government-commitmen…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Welcome Government Commitment To Fusion Energy
/about/news/partnership-to-boost-quantum…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Partnership To Boost Quantum Tech Start Ups
/about/news/response-government-plan-qua…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Response Government Plan Quantum
/about/news/iop-welcomes-news-on-nationa…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Iop Welcomes News On National Photonics Strategy
/about/news/michele-dougherty-steps-down…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Michele Dougherty Steps Down As Iop President
/about/news/open-letter-science-minister…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Open Letter Science Minister Heads Physics
/about/news/iop-extends-cautious-welcome…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Iop Extends Cautious Welcome Government Plans Additional Teachers
/about/news/chief-executive-iop-comments…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Chief Executive Iop Comments 270000 Fine
/about/news/welcome-government-commitmen…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Welcome Government Commitment To Fusion Energy
/about/news/partnership-to-boost-quantum…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Partnership To Boost Quantum Tech Start Ups
/about/news/response-government-plan-qua…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Response Government Plan Quantum
/about/news/iop-welcomes-news-on-nationa…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Iop Welcomes News On National Photonics Strategy
/about/blogs/artemis-ii-moon-journey-beg…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Artemis Ii Moon Journey Begins With Physics
/explore-physics/mimis-tiny-adventure/te…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Teacher Guide
/events/hucknall-flight-test-museum-visi…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Hucknall Flight Test Museum Visit
/events/become-iop-fellow-finstp-1	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Become Iop Fellow Finstp 1
/events/uk-nuclear-energy-dealing-challe…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Uk Nuclear Energy Dealing Challenges Last 70 Years Whilst Enabling Opportunities Next 70
/events/openflexure-microscope-3d-printe…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Openflexure Microscope 3d Printed Microscope Teaching Research And Medicine
/events/topological-physics-condensed-ma…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Topological Physics Condensed Matter
/events/why-neutronium-not-part-everyday…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Why Neutronium Not Part Everyday Matter And Why Does It Matter
/events/3-minute-wonder-science-communic…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: 3 Minute Wonder Science Communication Competition Lse Branch Heat
/events/ocean-hydrothermal-vents-and-rar…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Ocean Hydrothermal Vents And Rare Earths Conundrum
/events/hucknall-flight-test-museum-visi…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Hucknall Flight Test Museum Visit
/events/become-iop-fellow-finstp-1	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Become Iop Fellow Finstp 1
/events/uk-nuclear-energy-dealing-challe…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Uk Nuclear Energy Dealing Challenges Last 70 Years Whilst Enabling Opportunities Next 70
/events/openflexure-microscope-3d-printe…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Openflexure Microscope 3d Printed Microscope Teaching Research And Medicine
/events/topological-physics-condensed-ma…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Topological Physics Condensed Matter
/events/why-neutronium-not-part-everyday…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Why Neutronium Not Part Everyday Matter And Why Does It Matter
/events/3-minute-wonder-science-communic…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: 3 Minute Wonder Science Communication Competition Lse Branch Heat
/events/ocean-hydrothermal-vents-and-rar…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Ocean Hydrothermal Vents And Rare Earths Conundrum
/events/hucknall-flight-test-museum-visi…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Hucknall Flight Test Museum Visit
/events/become-iop-fellow-finstp-1	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Become Iop Fellow Finstp 1
/strategy/science-innovation/medical-phy…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Medical Physics Uk Impact Project Pathfinder
/node/9401	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: 9401
/about/news/chief-executive-iop-comments…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Chief Executive Iop Comments 270000 Fine
/about/news/welcome-government-commitmen…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Welcome Government Commitment To Fusion Energy
/about/blogs/artemis-ii-moon-journey-beg…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Artemis Ii Moon Journey Begins With Physics
/explore-physics/mimis-tiny-adventure/te…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Teacher Guide
/about/news/partnership-to-boost-quantum…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Partnership To Boost Quantum Tech Start Ups
/node/9399	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: 9399
https://www.facebook.com/instituteofphys…	Facebook	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://bsky.app/profile/iop.org	Bluesky	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.youtube.com/user/Instituteof…	YouTube	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.instagram.com/institute_of_p…	Instagram	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text

114 links and buttons have descriptive text

Links without text are announced as raw URLs by screen readers.

https://www.iop.org/cdn-cgi/content?id=GRFXgzWBmqTbDklod65HHnLnK4n7dsXpWx3u9P…

Why this matters

Links with no accessible text (empty <a></a>, image-only no alt, icon-only no aria-label) are unidentifiable to screen readers.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 2.4.4

Generic link text like 'click here' doesn't describe the destination.

/about/news/response-government-plan-quantum ("Read more"); /about/news/iop-welcomes-news-on-national-photonics-strategy ("Read more"); /about/news/michele-dougherty-steps-down-as-iop-president ("Read more"); /about/news/open-letter-science-minister-heads-physics ("Read more"); /about/news/iop-extends-cautious-welcome-government-plans-additional-teachers ("Read more"); /about/news/chief-executive-iop-comments-270000-fine ("Read more"); /about/news/welcome-government-commitment-to-fusion-energy ("Read more"); /about/news/partnership-to-boost-quantum-tech-start-ups ("Read more"); /about/news/response-government-plan-quantum ("Read more"); /about/news/iop-welcomes-news-on-national-photonics-strategy ("Read more") (+36 more)

Why this matters

Generic anchor text ('click here', 'read more', 'learn more') tells screen readers and search engines nothing about the destination.

Learn more ▾

Out-of-context lists of links read by AT (one navigation pattern) become useless when every link says 'click here'. Use the destination's title or topic as anchor text. Doubles as SEO win — Google passes anchor-text relevance to the destination.

Source: WCAG 2.4.4 / Google Search Central

Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.

https://www.facebook.com/instituteofphysics; https://bsky.app/profile/iop.org; https://www.youtube.com/user/InstituteofPhysics; https://www.instagram.com/institute_of_physics

Why this matters

Links with target="_blank" without rel="noopener" leak the originating page's window context — security and UX issue.

Learn more ▾

Without rel="noopener", the new tab can navigate the original tab via window.opener (tab-nabbing attack). Modern browsers default to noopener for target=_blank but only since recent versions. Always set rel="noopener noreferrer" explicitly.

Source: MDN target / OWASP

Favicon & Branding

Action

6 icon(s) detected

REVIEW

6 icon(s) detected

No favicon.ico at site root

Some older browsers, bookmark tools, and RSS readers look for /favicon.ico. Add one as a fallback.

HTML icon links detected

Apple touch icon present

Multiple icon sizes detected

✗ favicon.ico Missing

✓ PNG Icons Present

✓ Apple Touch Present

✗ SVG Favicon Missing

✗ Manifest Icons Missing

✓ Multiple Sizes Present

A+

Alt Text Quality

All 19 images OK

PASS

All 19 images OK

12 decorative image(s) correctly marked

7 image(s) with good alt text

19 images 7 good alt text 12 decorative

All images have appropriate alt text.

Form Accessibility

1 of 116 controls have issues

PASS

1 of 116 controls have issues

1 control(s) without accessible label

Form controls need a <label>, aria-label, or aria-labelledby for screen readers.

Got: <input type="submit" id="edit-submit-filtered-content">

115 control(s) properly labeled

116 controls

115 labeled

0 placeholder only

1 unlabeled

Control	Type	Label	Method
keyword	text	Search keyword entry	aria-label
#edit-category-5458--2	checkbox	2D materials	for/id
#edit-category-5547--2	checkbox	Accelerators and detectors	for/id
#edit-category-5516--2	checkbox	Acoustics	for/id
#edit-category-5464--2	checkbox	Advanced materials	for/id
#edit-category-5489--2	checkbox	Agriculture	for/id
#edit-category-5522--2	checkbox	Art and science	for/id
#edit-category-5495--2	checkbox	Astronomy and space	for/id
#edit-category-5502--2	checkbox	Astroparticle physics	for/id
#edit-category-5490--2	checkbox	Atmosphere	for/id
#edit-category-5471--2	checkbox	Biofabrication	for/id
#edit-category-5460--2	checkbox	Biomaterials	for/id
#edit-category-5472--2	checkbox	Biomedical devices	for/id
#edit-category-5475--2	checkbox	Biophysics	for/id
#edit-category-5468--2	checkbox	Catalysis and chemistry	for/id
#edit-category-5469--2	checkbox	Characterization and modelling	for/id
#edit-category-5433--2	checkbox	Chemical processes	for/id
#edit-category-5486--2	checkbox	Climate	for/id
#edit-category-5507--2	checkbox	Complex systems	for/id
#edit-category-5465--2	checkbox	Composites	for/id
#edit-category-5514--2	checkbox	Constants and units	for/id
#edit-category-5496--2	checkbox	Cosmology	for/id
#edit-category-5493--2	checkbox	Cryosphere	for/id
#edit-category-5497--2	checkbox	Dark matter and energy	for/id
#edit-category-5504--2	checkbox	Data acquisition and analysis	for/id
#edit-category-5451--2	checkbox	Detectors and sensors	for/id
#edit-category-5462--2	checkbox	Devices and structures	for/id
#edit-category-5480--2	checkbox	Diagnostic imaging	for/id
#edit-category-5485--2	checkbox	Earth sciences	for/id
#edit-category-5488--2	checkbox	Ecosystems	for/id
#edit-category-5481--2	checkbox	Emerging therapies	for/id
#edit-category-5484--2	checkbox	Energy storage and management	for/id
#edit-category-5494--2	checkbox	Environmental policy	for/id
#edit-category-5519--2	checkbox	Everyday science	for/id
#edit-category-5463--2	checkbox	Fabrication and process	for/id
#edit-category-5501--2	checkbox	Gravity	for/id
#edit-category-5520--2	checkbox	History	for/id
#edit-category-5510--2	checkbox	Imaging	for/id
#edit-category-5452--2	checkbox	Integrated optics	for/id
#edit-category-5491--2	checkbox	Land	for/id
#edit-category-5449--2	checkbox	Lasers	for/id
#edit-category-5448--2	checkbox	Light sources	for/id
#edit-category-5425--2	checkbox	Low-temperature physics	for/id
#edit-category-5420--2	checkbox	Magnetism and spin	for/id
#edit-category-5461--2	checkbox	Materials for energy	for/id
#edit-category-5506--2	checkbox	Mathematical physics	for/id
#edit-category-5513--2	checkbox	Metrology	for/id
#edit-category-5511--2	checkbox	Microscopy	for/id
#edit-category-5505--2	checkbox	Modelling and simulation	for/id
#edit-category-5457--2	checkbox	Nanomaterials	for/id
#edit-category-5474--2	checkbox	Nanomedicine	for/id
#edit-category-5453--2	checkbox	Nanophotonics	for/id
#edit-category-5473--2	checkbox	Neural engineering	for/id
#edit-category-5515--2	checkbox	Neutron sources	for/id
#edit-category-5479--2	checkbox	Nuclear medicine	for/id
#edit-category-5454--2	checkbox	Optical components	for/id
#edit-category-5455--2	checkbox	Optical physics	for/id
#edit-category-5478--2	checkbox	Particle therapy	for/id
#edit-category-5521--2	checkbox	Philosophy, sociology and religion	for/id
#edit-category-5498--2	checkbox	Planetary science	for/id
#edit-category-5432--2	checkbox	Plasma physics	for/id
#edit-category-5487--2	checkbox	Pollution	for/id
#edit-category-5466--2	checkbox	Polymers	for/id
#edit-category-5446--2	checkbox	Quantum optics	for/id
#edit-category-5477--2	checkbox	Radiotherapy	for/id
#edit-category-5483--2	checkbox	Renewables	for/id
#edit-category-5459--2	checkbox	Semiconductors and electronics	for/id
#edit-category-5424--2	checkbox	Soft matter and liquids	for/id
#edit-category-5450--2	checkbox	Solar cells	for/id
#edit-category-5509--2	checkbox	Spectroscopy	for/id
#edit-category-5499--2	checkbox	Stars and solar physics	for/id
#edit-category-5426--2	checkbox	States of matter	for/id
#edit-category-5430--2	checkbox	Structure and dynamics	for/id
#edit-category-5427--2	checkbox	Structure and properties	for/id
#edit-category-5419--2	checkbox	Superconductivity	for/id
#edit-category-5423--2	checkbox	Surfaces and interfaces	for/id
#edit-category-5512--2	checkbox	Synchrotron science	for/id
#edit-category-5500--2	checkbox	Telescopes and space missions	for/id
#edit-category-5467--2	checkbox	Thin films and coatings	for/id
#edit-category-5422--2	checkbox	Topological matter	for/id
#edit-category-5421--2	checkbox	Transport properties	for/id
#edit-category-5429--2	checkbox	Ultracold matter	for/id
#edit-category-5431--2	checkbox	Ultrafast science	for/id
#edit-category-5517--2	checkbox	Vacuum and cryogenics	for/id
#edit-category-5492--2	checkbox	Water	for/id
#edit-category-5550--2	checkbox	Nuclear power	for/id
#edit-category-5442--2	checkbox	Quantum mechanics	for/id
#edit-category-5546--2	checkbox	Particles and interactions	for/id
#edit-category-5443--2	checkbox	Quantum computing	for/id
#edit-category-5548--2	checkbox	Nuclear physics	for/id
#edit-category-5441--2	checkbox	Quantum	for/id
#edit-category-5445--2	checkbox	Cryptography	for/id
#edit-category-5549--2	checkbox	Nuclear fusion	for/id
#edit-category-5444--2	checkbox	Quantum sensors	for/id
#edit-category-5428--2	checkbox	Atomic and molecular	for/id
#edit-category-5470--2	checkbox	Biophysics and bioengineering	for/id
#edit-category-5525--2	checkbox	Business and innovation	for/id
#edit-category-5418--2	checkbox	Condensed matter	for/id
#edit-category-5518--2	checkbox	Culture, history and society	for/id
#edit-category-5523--2	checkbox	Diversity and inclusion	for/id
#edit-category-5527--2	checkbox	Education and outreach	for/id
#edit-category-5482--2	checkbox	Environment and energy	for/id
#edit-category-5530--2	checkbox	Ethics	for/id
#edit-category-5508--2	checkbox	Instrumentation and measurement	for/id
#edit-category-5456--2	checkbox	Materials	for/id
#edit-category-5503--2	checkbox	Mathematics and computation	for/id
#edit-category-5476--2	checkbox	Medical physics	for/id
#edit-category-5447--2	checkbox	Optics and photonics	for/id
#edit-category-5545--2	checkbox	Particle and nuclear	for/id
#edit-category-5524--2	checkbox	Personalities	for/id
#edit-category-5526--2	checkbox	Policy and funding	for/id
#edit-category-5528--2	checkbox	Projects and facilities	for/id
#edit-category-5529--2	checkbox	Publishing	for/id
#edit-category-5440--2	checkbox	Quantum	for/id
#edit-category-5725--2	checkbox	Teaching in schools and colleges	for/id
#edit-submit-filtered-content	submit	(none)	none

Form controls need a <label>, aria-label, or aria-labelledby for screen readers.

Why this matters

Form controls without labels — assistive tech announces 'edit text' with no context; users can't complete forms.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 3.3.2

A+

Color Contrast (Screenshot)

20 text elements analyzed, 0 fail WCAG AA

PASS

Analyzes text contrast against the actual rendered page, including background images, gradients, and overlays that CSS-based tools cannot detect.

20 pass

Show all checked elements (20)

Element	Ratio	Required	FG	BG	Result
h1 Become an IOP member	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 Utility menu	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 Latest news at the I…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 IOP responds to £2b…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 IOP welcomes news on…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 Michele Dougherty st…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 Open letter to the …	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 IOP extends cautious…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 Chief executive of I…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 IOP welcomes UK gove…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 IOP and Quantum Expo…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 IOP responds to £2b…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 IOP welcomes news on…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 Michele Dougherty st…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 Open letter to the …	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 IOP extends cautious…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 Chief executive of I…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 IOP welcomes UK gove…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 IOP and Quantum Expo…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 IOP responds to £2b…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass

Methodology: The top 20 text elements by font size were checked. Background color was sampled from the desktop screenshot using a 5-point pattern. WCAG 2.1 AA requires 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.

Lighthouse Accessibility Audits

Score 91/100 — 3 failing, 23 passed

PASS

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

ARIA

Some ARIA roles have required attributes that describe the state of the element to screen readers. Learn more about roles and required attributes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Events `div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide > div.iop-hero > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__content > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__heading`
Support young people to change the world `div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide > div.iop-hero > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__content > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__heading`
Institute of Physics `div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide > div.iop-hero > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__content > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__heading`
Become an IOP member `div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide > div.iop-hero > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__content > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__heading`
Events `div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide > div.iop-hero > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__content > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__heading`
Support young people to change the world `div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide > div.iop-hero > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__content > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__heading`
Institute of Physics `div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide > div.iop-hero > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__content > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__heading`
Become an IOP member `div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide > div.iop-hero > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__content > div.iop-impact-centre-carousel-slide__heading`

These are opportunities to improve the usage of ARIA in your application which may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Navigation

Properly ordered headings that do not skip levels convey the semantic structure of the page, making it easier to navigate and understand when using assistive technologies. Learn more about heading order.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Pagination `div.view > div.iop-filtered-content__pager > nav > h4#pagination-heading`

These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

Best practices

One main landmark helps screen reader users navigate a web page. Learn more about landmarks.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
html.js `html.js`

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links have a discernible name

●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

●Identical links have the same purpose.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Form elements have associated labels

○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.