Security - https://www.lemonde.fr BeaverCheck Audit

D

Content Security Policy

Action

4 of 10 CSP checks passed

FIX

4 of 10 CSP checks passed

Raw CSP policy

Got: default-src data: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https:; script-src data: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https: blob:; style-src data: 'unsafe-inline' https:; img-src data: https: blob:; font-src data: https:; connect-src https: wss:; media-src https: blob: data:; object-src https:; child-src https: data: blob:; form-action https:; block-all-mixed-content; frame-ancestors 'self' https://apps.lemonde.fr;

default-src directive is set

Got: default-src data: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https:

'unsafe-inline' found in script source

'unsafe-inline' allows inline <script> tags, defeating CSP against XSS. Remove it and use nonces or hashes instead.

Got: script-src data: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https: blob:

'unsafe-eval' found in script source

'unsafe-eval' allows eval() and similar functions, enabling code injection. Remove it.

Got: script-src data: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https: blob:

No wildcard in script source

object-src allows plugin content

Set object-src to 'none' to prevent Flash/Java plugin exploits.

Got: object-src https: Expected: object-src 'none'

base-uri directive is missing

Without base-uri, attackers can inject a <base> tag to hijack relative URLs. Set it to 'self' or 'none'.

Expected: base-uri 'self'

frame-ancestors directive is set

Got: frame-ancestors 'self' https://apps.lemonde.fr

form-action directive is set

Got: form-action https:

upgrade-insecure-requests is not set

This directive upgrades HTTP resources to HTTPS automatically, preventing mixed content.

Expected: upgrade-insecure-requests

'unsafe-inline' allows inline <script> tags, defeating CSP against XSS. Remove it and use nonces or hashes instead.

Why this matters

Unsafe value (unsafe-inline, unsafe-eval) in script-src defeats CSP's main protection — XSS injections can execute again.

Learn more ▾

unsafe-inline allows inline <script> tags; unsafe-eval allows eval() and similar. Both are necessary for some legacy code but explicitly dangerous. Migrate to nonces (per-page random tokens) or hashes (per-script SHA-256) instead.

Source: OWASP CSP / MDN

'unsafe-eval' allows eval() and similar functions, enabling code injection. Remove it.

Why this matters

Unsafe value (unsafe-inline, unsafe-eval) in script-src defeats CSP's main protection — XSS injections can execute again.

Learn more ▾

unsafe-inline allows inline <script> tags; unsafe-eval allows eval() and similar. Both are necessary for some legacy code but explicitly dangerous. Migrate to nonces (per-page random tokens) or hashes (per-script SHA-256) instead.

Source: OWASP CSP / MDN

Set object-src to 'none' to prevent Flash/Java plugin exploits.

Expected: object-src 'none'

Why this matters

object-src open in CSP allows Flash/PDF/plugin embedding — a now-deprecated attack vector that should be explicitly blocked.

Learn more ▾

object-src controls <object>, <embed>, and <applet> elements. Modern sites have no need for plugins; setting `object-src 'none'` blocks an entire class of legacy XSS vectors at zero cost. If your CSP missed it, add the directive.

Source: MDN CSP

Without base-uri, attackers can inject a <base> tag to hijack relative URLs. Set it to 'self' or 'none'.

Expected: base-uri 'self'

Why this matters

Missing base-uri in CSP leaves a base-tag injection attack path open even on otherwise strict policies.

Learn more ▾

A common omission: developers add CSP for script-src and frame-ancestors but forget base-uri. The result is a CSP that looks strict but lets an attacker rewrite every URL on the page via <base href>. Add `base-uri 'self'` to close the gap.

Source: MDN CSP

This directive upgrades HTTP resources to HTTPS automatically, preventing mixed content.

Expected: upgrade-insecure-requests

Why this matters

Without upgrade-insecure-requests, any HTTP subresource link survives as a mixed-content warning instead of auto-upgrading.

Learn more ▾

Adding `upgrade-insecure-requests` to your CSP turns every http:// subresource fetch into https:// at the browser layer. One-line defense against accidental mixed content from legacy links or third-party widgets.

Source: MDN CSP

Parsed Policy

default-src data:'unsafe-inline''unsafe-eval'https:

script-src data:'unsafe-inline''unsafe-eval'https:blob:

style-src data:'unsafe-inline'https:

img-src data:https:blob:

font-src data:https:

connect-src https:wss:

media-src https:blob:data:

object-src https:

child-src https:data:blob:

form-action https:

block-all-mixed-content

frame-ancestors 'self'https://apps.lemonde.fr

F

Subresource Integrity

Action

0 of 2 external resources have SRI

FIX

0 of 2 external resources have SRI

External script from cmp.lemonde.fr lacks integrity attribute

Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.

Got: //cmp.lemonde.fr/js/lemonde.min.js

External script from applets.ebxcdn.com lacks integrity attribute

Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.

Got: //applets.ebxcdn.com/ebx.js

SRI Coverage 0 / 2 of external resources have integrity hashes

Tag	Domain	Integrity
<script>	cmp.lemonde.fr	✗ Missing
<script>	applets.ebxcdn.com	✗ Missing

F

Email Security

Action

No DMARC

FIX

No DMARC

No DMARC record found

Without DMARC, email receivers have no policy for handling authentication failures.

DMARC

No DMARC record found

Without DMARC, email receivers have no policy for handling authentication failures from your domain.

Without DMARC, email receivers have no policy for handling authentication failures.

Why this matters

Without DMARC, anyone can send phishing emails using your domain name.

Learn more ▾

DMARC tells receiving mail servers what to do with email that fails SPF/DKIM checks for your domain. With a strict 'p=reject' policy, spoofed emails get bounced; without it they reach the inbox. Domains used in phishing campaigns lose deliverability and brand trust fast.

Source: DMARC.org / NIST

D

Permissions-Policy

Action

No header set

FIX

No header set

No Permissions-Policy header

Consider adding a Permissions-Policy header to restrict browser feature access from embedded content.

No Permissions-Policy header set.

Without this header, embedded iframes can request access to sensitive device features.

Suggested header

Permissions-Policy: camera=(), microphone=(), geolocation=(), payment=(), usb=()

C

Security Headers

Action

5 of 10 headers properly configured

REVIEW

5 of 10 headers properly configured

HSTS is missing includeSubDomains

Without includeSubDomains, subdomains can still be accessed over HTTP.

Got: max-age=31557600 Expected: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains

X-Content-Type-Options is properly configured

Got: nosniff

X-Frame-Options is properly configured

Got: SAMEORIGIN

Referrer-Policy header is missing

Controls how much referrer information is sent with requests. Set to 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin' or stricter.

Expected: strict-origin-when-cross-origin

Permissions-Policy header is missing

Controls which browser features (camera, microphone, geolocation) are allowed. Set it to restrict unused features.

Expected: geolocation=(), camera=(), microphone=()

Content-Security-Policy is present

Got: default-src data: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https:; script-src data: 'unsafe…

Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header is missing

COOP isolates your browsing context, preventing cross-origin side-channel attacks. Set to 'same-origin'.

Expected: same-origin

Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy header is missing

COEP prevents loading cross-origin resources without explicit permission. Required for SharedArrayBuffer and high-resolution timers.

Expected: require-corp

X-Powered-By header is not present

Server header is not present

Without includeSubDomains, subdomains can still be accessed over HTTP.

Expected: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains

Why this matters

Without includeSubDomains, a forgotten dev subdomain over HTTP can set malicious cookies that ride to the apex.

Learn more ▾

HSTS without includeSubDomains protects only the exact domain. Cookies set on a non-HSTS subdomain can ride to the apex via cookie-scope attacks. The fix is one directive append. Verify all subdomains support HTTPS first — adding includeSubDomains to a domain with HTTP-only subdomains breaks them.

Source: RFC 6797

Controls how much referrer information is sent with requests. Set to 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin' or stricter.

Expected: strict-origin-when-cross-origin

Why this matters

Default browser behavior leaks full URLs (including query params and tokens) to every third-party resource — set a strict policy.

Learn more ▾

Without a Referrer-Policy header, browsers send the full referring URL with images, scripts, and fonts loaded from third-party origins. URLs containing tokens, user IDs, or session params end up in third-party logs. Set `Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin` (or stricter) to limit leakage.

Source: MDN / W3C

Controls which browser features (camera, microphone, geolocation) are allowed. Set it to restrict unused features.

Expected: geolocation=(), camera=(), microphone=()

Why this matters

Permissions-Policy locks down browser APIs you don't use — without it, every page can request camera/mic/geolocation if XSS lands.

Learn more ▾

By default every page can request the camera, microphone, geolocation, payment APIs, and dozens more. Permissions-Policy turns off the ones you don't need so a future bug can't quietly start using them. It's a defense-in-depth header — one line, big surface reduction.

Source: MDN / W3C

COOP isolates your browsing context, preventing cross-origin side-channel attacks. Set to 'same-origin'.

Expected: same-origin

Why this matters

COOP isolates your top-level browsing context from cross-origin windows — without it, popup-based side-channel attacks remain possible.

Learn more ▾

Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin prevents cross-origin pages from sharing a browsing-context group with yours. This blocks cross-window references that enable Spectre-style timing attacks and tab-nabbing. Required if you want to enable SharedArrayBuffer.

Source: MDN / web.dev

COEP prevents loading cross-origin resources without explicit permission. Required for SharedArrayBuffer and high-resolution timers.

Expected: require-corp

Why this matters

COEP enforces that all embedded resources opt-in to cross-origin embedding — required for cross-origin isolation features.

Learn more ▾

Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy: require-corp ensures every embedded resource (script, iframe, image) explicitly allows being loaded cross-origin. Combined with COOP, this enables the cross-origin-isolated context that unlocks SharedArrayBuffer, high-resolution timers, and other powerful APIs.

Source: MDN / web.dev

B

Cookie Security

2 cookies analyzed, 2 checks passed

REVIEW

2 cookies analyzed, 2 checks passed

Cookie 'lmd_a_c' is missing the Secure flag

Without the Secure flag, this cookie can be sent over unencrypted HTTP, exposing it to interception.

Cookie 'lmd_a_c' is missing the HttpOnly flag

Without HttpOnly, this cookie can be accessed by JavaScript, making it vulnerable to XSS-based theft.

Cookie 'lmd_a_c' has no SameSite attribute

Without an explicit SameSite attribute, browser default behavior varies. Set SameSite=Lax or Strict.

Cookie 'lmd_rand_id' has the Secure flag

Cookie 'lmd_rand_id' has the HttpOnly flag

Cookie 'lmd_rand_id' has no SameSite attribute

Without an explicit SameSite attribute, browser default behavior varies. Set SameSite=Lax or Strict.

2 cookies analyzed 1 critical 3 warnings

Name	Secure	HttpOnly	SameSite	Size	Issues
lmd_a_c	✗	✗	—	8 B	3
lmd_rand_id	✓	✓	—	29 B	1

B

CORS Configuration

No CORS headers

REVIEW

No CORS headers

No CORS headers present — secure default

CORS Configuration ✓ Secure

No CORS headers detected.

Cross-origin requests are blocked by browser same-origin policy.

Origin reflection test

Some servers mirror the request Origin header, which can be exploited. Test manually:

curl -sI -H "Origin: https://evil.com" <url> | grep -i access-control

B

security.txt

Published with 0 contact(s)

REVIEW

security.txt

A+

TLS & Certificates

TLS 1.2, 7 checks passed

PASS

TLS 1.2, 7 checks passed

TLS 1.2 is used

Got: TLS 1.2

TLS 1.3 is not negotiated

TLS 1.3 offers improved performance and security. Consider enabling it.

Got: TLS 1.2

Strong cipher suite is used

Got: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

HTTP/2 is not negotiated

HTTP/2 provides multiplexing and header compression for better performance.

Got: http/1.1

Certificate is valid (expires in 249 days)

Got: 2026-12-12T21:03:00Z

Certificate chain has 2 certificates

Certificate uses modern signature algorithm

Got: SHA256-RSA

Certificate covers 1 domain(s)

Got: *.lemonde.fr

Certificate is issued by a trusted CA

Got: CN=GlobalSign Atlas R3 DV TLS CA 2025 Q4,O=GlobalSign nv-sa,C=BE

TLS 1.3 offers improved performance and security. Consider enabling it.

Why this matters

TLS 1.3 not in use — connection falls back to 1.2 and pays the extra round-trip.

Learn more ▾

Most clients prefer TLS 1.3 if both sides support it. If your server has TLS 1.3 enabled but it's not being negotiated, check for a downgrade-attack mitigation issue or a misconfigured cipher list. nginx ≥ 1.13.0 and OpenSSL ≥ 1.1.1 support TLS 1.3.

Source: RFC 8446 / Mozilla SSL Config

HTTP/2 provides multiplexing and header compression for better performance.

Why this matters

HTTP/1.1 forces the browser to make sequential requests, multiplying latency on every page.

Learn more ▾

HTTP/2 (and HTTP/3) multiplex many requests over a single connection, eliminating head-of-line blocking. HTTP/1.1 forces the browser to either queue requests or open many parallel connections — both worse. Most modern web servers support HTTP/2 with one config line.

Source: MDN Web Docs

Connection

Protocol

TLS 1.2

Cipher Suite

TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

HTTP Version

HTTP/1.1

Certificate Chain

Leaf Certificate

Subject CN=*.lemonde.frIssuer CN=GlobalSign Atlas R3 DV TLS CA 2025 Q4,O=GlobalSign nv-sa,C=BEValid 2025-11-10T21:03:01Z → 2026-12-12T21:03:00ZExpires in 249 days SANs *.lemonde.frSignature SHA256-RSASerial 1e7dcbe2494eb878337efe59390875d

Intermediate (CA Certificate)

Subject CN=GlobalSign Atlas R3 DV TLS CA 2025 Q4,O=GlobalSign nv-sa,C=BEIssuer CN=GlobalSign,OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R3,O=GlobalSignValid 2025-07-16T03:06:35Z → 2027-07-16T00:00:00ZExpires in 464 days Signature SHA256-RSASerial 83da86ab0e31b19d8f03a5edd5bdbd66

A+

JS Library Vulnerabilities

No known vulnerabilities

PASS

No known vulnerabilities

No known JavaScript library vulnerabilities detected

No known JavaScript library vulnerabilities detected.

A+

Information Leakage

No exposures

PASS

No exposures

security.txt is present — good practice

No sensitive files exposed

No sensitive files exposed — all paths returned 404.

Path	Status	Category	Risk
/.git/HEAD	✓ Not found	Version Control	—
/.git/config	✓ Not found	Version Control	—
/.svn/entries	✓ Not found	Version Control	—
/.env	✓ Not found	Configuration	—
/.env.local	✓ Not found	Configuration	—
/.env.production	✓ Not found	Configuration	—
/wp-config.php	✓ Not found	Configuration	—
/.htaccess	✓ Not found	Configuration	—
/phpinfo.php	✓ Not found	Debug	—
/server-status	✓ Not found	Debug	—
/server-info	✓ Not found	Debug	—
/.well-known/security.txt	✗ Exposed	Security Policy	Info

A

Transport Security

HTTP/3, HSTS, and TLS version analysis

PASS

HTTP/3, HSTS, and TLS version analysis

HTTP/3 (QUIC) not advertised

HTTP/3 eliminates head-of-line blocking. If your CDN supports it, consider enabling it.

HSTS enabled (base policy)

HSTS missing includeSubDomains

Without includeSubDomains, HSTS only protects the exact domain.