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https://royalsocietypublishing.org

Performance

· 17 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
70
GRADE
C
FIX
6
REVIEW
1
PASS
8
INFO
2

Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates

44
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
98
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
77
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
83
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

5.26 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

12.56 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

655 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.015

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

5.85 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

16.57 s

Page Load Progression

375 ms
750 ms
1.1 s
1.5 s
1.9 s
2.2 s
2.6 s
3.0 s
Checks
17
8 PASS 1 REVIEW 6 FIX
F
Page Weight Budget
Action
3.6 MB transferred, 62 requests
FIX
3.6 MB transferred, 62 requests
Warning::
Page weighs 7.7 MB (3.6 MB transferred)
Warning::
Images are 2.1 MB — compress or use modern formats
Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.
Got: 2.1 MB
Warning::
JavaScript is 1.1 MB — consider code splitting or lazy loading
Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
Got: 1.1 MB
Info::
62 HTTP requests
Info::
Estimated 0.75 g CO2 per page load
3.6 MB / 2.4 MB budget
3.6 MB transferred
62 requests
0.75 g CO2 per page load
Images 2.1 MiB 60%
JavaScript 1.1 MiB 31%
Fonts 177.3 KiB 5%
CSS 103.8 KiB 3%
Other 35.1 KiB 1%
HTML 18.9 KiB 1%
Other 10.2 KiB 0%
Other 4.5 KiB 0%
Other 3.3 KiB 0%
0 2.4 MB 4.9 MB
Over budget

Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.

Why this matters

Image bandwidth is high — modern formats (WebP/AVIF) and resizing typically cut it 50%+.

Source: web.dev

Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.

Why this matters

JavaScript bundle is large — code-split routes and lazy-load off-screen components to defer.

Source: web.dev

D
Third-Party Impact
Action
98% third-party, 0 ms blocking
FIX
98% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Warning::
Third-party code accounts for 98% of page weight (3.5 MiB of 3.6 MiB)
Info::
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
98%
First-party Third-party
D
JS Execution Cost
Action
3405ms total JS execution
FIX
3405ms total JS execution
Warning::
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/: 762ms CPU time
Warning::
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml...: 469ms CPU time
Warning::
Unattributable: 371ms CPU time
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/...: 310ms CPU time
Warning::
https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/2...: 280ms CPU time
Warning::
Third-party scripts: 2396ms (70% of total)

Main Thread Breakdown

Script Evaluation 50% Other 17% Style & Layout 13% Script Parsing & Compilation 11% Rendering 6%
ScriptTotalScriptingParse/CompileParty
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/762ms38ms7ms1st
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js469ms351ms101ms3rd
Unattributable371ms68ms0ms3rd
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/jsdist/v-639116431184716663/site.min.js310ms75ms47ms3rd
https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/202511.1.0/otBannerSdk.js280ms192ms47ms3rd
https://js.stripe.com/v3/258ms160ms95ms3rd
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js247ms237ms3ms1st
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-VYDHG8C6QY&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1243ms204ms36ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-TFQX55T7187ms144ms40ms3rd
https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js187ms135ms8ms3rd

Showing top 10 of 11 scripts

F
JS Bundles
Action
15 scripts, 581 KB unused
FIX
15 scripts, 581 KB unused
Warning::
https://js.stripe.com/v3/: 160 KB unused (73%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml...: 122 KB unused (49%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/...: 104 KB unused (77%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/2...: 66 KB unused (53%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-VYDH...: 66 KB unused (42%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Info::
Total unused JavaScript: 581 KB
581 KB unused JavaScript

Downloaded but never executed on this page.

ScriptSizeUnusedMinifiedParty
https://js.stripe.com/v3/220 KB160 KB (73%)3rd
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js251 KB122 KB (49%)3rd
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/jsdist/v-639116431184716663/site.min.js135 KB104 KB (77%)3rd
https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/202511.1.0/otBannerSdk.js125 KB66 KB (53%)3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-VYDHG8C6QY&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1157 KB66 KB (42%)3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-TFQX55T7133 KB63 KB (47%)3rd
https://widgets.figshare.com/static/figshare.js36 KB3rd
https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/consent/01980ead-9999-7ec5-8307-69ac7b4ebd59/01980ead-9999-7ec5-8307-69ac7b4ebd59.json3 KB3rd
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silver/app/vendor/v-639102489972463725/jquery-migrate-3.1.0.min.js4 KB3rd
https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js31 KB3rd

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

F
Page Weight Inventory
Action
62 resources · 3.6 MB · 581 KB savings available
FIX
62 resources · 3.6 MB · 581 KB savings available
Warning::
Page weight 2.6 MB over 1MB target
Got: 3.6 MB Expected: ≤ 1 MB
Info::
~581 KB of savings available
Warning::
57 third-party resources (98% of weight)
Info::
4 resources over 200KB
62 resources · 3.6 MiB · 57 third-party 2.6 MiB over 1MB target
Image 60% · 2.1 MiB
JavaScript 31% · 1.1 MiB
Font 5% · 177.3 KiB
CSS 3% · 108.8 KiB
Document 1% · 29.1 KiB
Other 1% · 22.3 KiB

~580.8 KiB of savings available

Remove unused JavaScript: 580.8 KiB
F
HTTP Caching
Action
No cache headers
FIX
No cache headers
Warning::
No Cache-Control header found
Browsers will use heuristic caching, which can be unpredictable. Set explicit cache headers.

No Cache-Control header

Adding a Cache-Control header can significantly improve repeat-visit performance.

C
Image Optimization
Action
19 images, 0 KB saveable
REVIEW
19 images, 0 KB saveable
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAs... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/Umbre... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/RSFSS... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/Umbre... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/Umbre... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/RSTAS... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/RSBLS... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/RSIFS... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/Umbre... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/Umbre... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/RSTBS... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/Umbre... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/imagelibrary/TR... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/Umbre... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
19 images 2.1 MB
0 oversized -0 KB
17 legacy format
14 missing dimensions CLS risk

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
Font Loading
6 fonts (177 KB)
PASS
6 fonts (177 KB)
Info::
6 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

Web fonts

6

177 KB total

Render-blocking

0

of 6

Dominant font-display

swap

Most common across fonts

Font loading timeline
Transfer FOIT (block) FOUT (swap)
0 ms 2.0 s 4.0 s 6.0 s 8.0 s 10.0 s 12.0 s FCP 5.3 s LCP 12.6 shttps://use.typekit.net/af/d7ff92/00000000000000007735e609/31/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/d7ff92/00000000000000007735e609/31/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3 — 29.8 KiB — 23 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/5be242/00000000000000007735e603/31/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n7&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/5be242/00000000000000007735e603/31/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n7&v=3 — 30.6 KiB — 24 ms — font-display: swaphttps://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silver/app/icons/v-639102489936978178/fonts/white-label.ttf?7yqv1cwhite-label.ttf https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silver/app/icons/v-639102489936978178/fonts/white-label.ttf?7yqv1c — 21.2 KiB — 6 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/e37e5a/00000000000000007735e60d/31/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n6&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/e37e5a/00000000000000007735e60d/31/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n6&v=3 — 29.7 KiB — 30 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/38ea3a/00000000000000007758cf7d/31/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i7&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/38ea3a/00000000000000007758cf7d/31/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i7&v=3 — 33.4 KiB — 33 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/6eb0e3/00000000000000007758cf8f/31/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i4&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/6eb0e3/00000000000000007758cf8f/31/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i4&v=3 — 32.7 KiB — 31 ms — font-display: swap
l woff2 swap
Size 30 KB
Load time 23 ms
Start 903 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 31 KB
Load time 24 ms
Start 904 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
white-label.ttf ttf swap
Size 21 KB
Load time 6 ms
Start 904 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
  • Convert to woff2 for ~30% smaller file size
l woff2 swap
Size 30 KB
Load time 30 ms
Start 904 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 33 KB
Load time 33 ms
Start 904 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 33 KB
Load time 31 ms
Start 905 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
Optimization checklist
  • Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
  • Use woff2 format for all fonts
  • Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
  • Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)

Fixing the unchecked items could save ~6 KB and ~12 ms

A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
No optimization needed
PASS
No optimization needed
Info::
No resource hint issues
A+
Render-Blocking Resources
No render-blocking resources detected
PASS
No render-blocking resources detected
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected in <head>
A+
Third-Party Resources
No third-party resources detected
PASS
No third-party resources detected
A+
Green Hosting
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
PASS

Green Hosting

This site is hosted on green energy infrastructure

Provider: Cloudflare

Network Waterfall
62 requests over 2623ms
INFO
0 ms 2.0 s 4.0 s 6.0 s 8.0 s 10.0 s 12.0 s FCP 5.3 s LCP 12.6 shttps://royalsocietypublishing.org// https://royalsocietypublishing.org/ — 200 — 16.1 KiB — 584 ms — h2https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.jscookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemp... https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js — 200 — 9.3 KiB — 131 ms — h2https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.jsajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquer... https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js — 200 — 30.7 KiB — 119 ms — h2https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/rsta.2025.383.issue-2304.largecover.jpg?versionId=3221trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrar... https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/rsta.2025.383.issue-2304.largecover.jpg?versionId=3221 — -1 — 0 B — 590 ms — https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silver/app/vendor/v-639102489972463725/jquery-migrate-3.1.0.min.jstrs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silv... https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silver/app/vendor/v-639102489972463725/jquery-migrate-3.1.0.min.js — 200 — 3.9 KiB — 57 ms — h2https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/css/v-639116430755733296/site.min.csstrs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Clie... https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/css/v-639116430755733296/site.min.css — 200 — 98.1 KiB — 61 ms — h2https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silver/app/icons/v-639102489936978178/style.csstrs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silv... https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Silver/app/icons/v-639102489936978178/style.css — 200 — 1.9 KiB — 54 ms — h2https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/css/v-639102489049995227/bg_img.csstrs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Clie... https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/css/v-639102489049995227/bg_img.css — 200 — 685 B — 54 ms — h2https://use.typekit.net/tyr3hmc.cssuse.typekit.net/tyr3hmc.css https://use.typekit.net/tyr3hmc.css — 200 — 1.1 KiB — 48 ms — h2https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/CSS/umbrella/v-639088486566875982/site-umbrella.csstrs.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBu... https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/CSS/umbrella/v-639088486566875982/site-umbrella.css — 200 — 1.9 KiB — 78 ms — h2https://widgets.figshare.com/static/figshare.jswidgets.figshare.com/static/figshar... https://widgets.figshare.com/static/figshare.js — 200 — 36.3 KiB — 183 ms — h2https://js.stripe.com/v3/js.stripe.com/v3/ https://js.stripe.com/v3/ — 200 — 220.2 KiB — 70 ms — h2https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssetsOriginals/Live/images/umbrella/TRS-logo-256x256-1.pngtrs.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBu... https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssetsOriginals/Live/images/umbrella/TRS-logo-256x256-1.png — 200 — 15.3 KiB — 56 ms — h2https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrary/UmbrellaSelfServeAssets/S2O.jpg?versionId=2906trs.silverchair-cdn.com/ImageLibrar... 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https://region1.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-VYDHG8C6QY&gtm=45je64h1v9230707606z89230704617za20gzb9230704617zd9230704617&_p=1776803169672&gcs=G100&gcd=13p3p3p2p5l1&npa=1&dma_cps=-&dma=1&are=1&cid=1946588667.1776803170&frm=0&pscdl=denied&rcb=1&sr=412x823&uaa=&uab=64&uafvl=Chromium%3B147.0.7727.101%7CNot.A%252FBrand%3B8.0.0.0&uam=moto%20g%20power%20(2022)&uamb=1&uap=Android&uapv=11.0&uaw=0&ul=en-us&_s=1&tag_exp=0~115616986~115938466~115938468~117266400&sid=1776803170&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsocietypublishing.org%2F&dt=The%20Royal%20Society&_tu=CA&en=page_view&_fv=1&_nsi=1&_ss=1&tfd=1383 — 204 — 556 B — 88 ms — h2https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/img/favicons/manifest.jsontrs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Clie... https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/img/favicons/manifest.json — 404 — 0 B — 2 ms — h2https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/logos/static/ot_guard_logo.svgcookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/logos/stat... https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/logos/static/ot_guard_logo.svg — 200 — 720 B — 34 ms — h2https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/logos/5a3224e5-ab28-43ab-b955-60f64c7159db/01980ead-9999-7ec5-8307-69ac7b4ebd59/9d7bd07f-3d39-4883-a7e8-53a3b14e528a/OneTrust_Logo.jpgcookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/logos/5a32... https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/logos/5a3224e5-ab28-43ab-b955-60f64c7159db/01980ead-9999-7ec5-8307-69ac7b4ebd59/9d7bd07f-3d39-4883-a7e8-53a3b14e528a/OneTrust_Logo.jpg — 200 — 57.8 KiB — 35 ms — h2https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/logos/static/poweredBy_cp_logo.svgcookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/logos/stat... https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/logos/static/poweredBy_cp_logo.svg — 200 — 2.7 KiB — 37 ms — h2https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/img/favicons/v-639102489050295255/favicon.icotrs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Clie... https://trs.silverchair-cdn.com/Themes/Client/app/img/favicons/v-639102489050295255/favicon.ico — 200 — 2.9 KiB — 4 ms — h2https://js.stripe.com/v3/m-outer-3437aaddcdf6922d623e172c2d6f9278.htmljs.stripe.com/v3/m-outer-3437aaddcd... https://js.stripe.com/v3/m-outer-3437aaddcdf6922d623e172c2d6f9278.html — 200 — 1.0 KiB — 38 ms — h3https://js.stripe.com/v3/fingerprinted/js/m-outer-15a2b40a058ddff1cffdb63779fe3de1.jsjs.stripe.com/v3/fingerprinted/js/m... https://js.stripe.com/v3/fingerprinted/js/m-outer-15a2b40a058ddff1cffdb63779fe3de1.js — 200 — 893 B — 7 ms — h3https://m.stripe.network/inner.htmlm.stripe.network/inner.html https://m.stripe.network/inner.html — 200 — 1.8 KiB — 44 ms — h2https://m.stripe.network/out-4.5.45.jsm.stripe.network/out-4.5.45.js https://m.stripe.network/out-4.5.45.js — 200 — 16.5 KiB — 10 ms — h2https://m.stripe.com/6m.stripe.com/6 https://m.stripe.com/6 — 200 — 579 B — 570 ms — h2
HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
70% of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party 2396ms · 1089KB · $32/mo
jsDelivr
CDN
Costly
Execution 469ms
Transfer 251 KB
Unused 49%
Monthly Cost $6/mo
Unattributable
Other
Costly
Execution 371ms
Transfer 0 KB
Monthly Cost $5/mo
trs.silverchair-cdn.com
Other
Costly
Execution 310ms
Transfer 135 KB
Unused 77%
Monthly Cost $4/mo
cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com
Other
Costly
Execution 280ms
Transfer 125 KB
Unused 53%
Monthly Cost $4/mo
Stripe
Payment
Essential
Execution 258ms
Transfer 220 KB
Unused 73%
Monthly Cost $3/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Costly
Execution 243ms
Transfer 157 KB
Unused 42%
Monthly Cost $3/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 187ms
Transfer 133 KB
Unused 47%
Monthly Cost $2/mo
ajax.googleapis.com
Other
Optional
Execution 187ms
Transfer 31 KB
Monthly Cost $2/mo
widgets.figshare.com
Other
Optional
Execution 91ms
Transfer 36 KB
Monthly Cost $1/mo

These scripts may cost more than they're worth

  • jsDelivr adds 469ms and costs ~$6/month
  • Unattributable adds 371ms and costs ~$5/month
  • trs.silverchair-cdn.com adds 310ms and costs ~$4/month
  • cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com adds 280ms and costs ~$4/month
  • Google Tag Manager adds 243ms and costs ~$3/month

70% of JavaScript execution time is spent on third-party scripts. Consider auditing which scripts are essential.

Why this matters

When third-party JS execution time exceeds your own, performance gains from frontend work are capped by code you don't own.

Learn more

Every millisecond of third-party JS competes with your own for main-thread time. If their share is bigger than yours, optimization on your code base barely moves the needle. Audit, defer, or remove third-parties before further frontend optimization. Use Lighthouse's third-party audit to identify the worst offenders.

Source: web.dev

jsDelivr takes 469ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

Unattributable takes 371ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

trs.silverchair-cdn.com takes 310ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

77% of trs.silverchair-cdn.com's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.

Why this matters

Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.

Source: web.dev

cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com takes 280ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

53% of cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.

Why this matters

Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.

Source: web.dev

73% of Stripe's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.

Why this matters

Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.

Source: web.dev

Google Tag Manager takes 243ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

How third-party costs are calculated

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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