Skip to content
https://springernature.com

Performance

· 17 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
80
GRADE
B
FIX
3
REVIEW
4
PASS
8
INFO
2

Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates

Mobile Desktop
48
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
100
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
100
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
91
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

2.77 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

8.79 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

1.07 s

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.000

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

3.26 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

8.84 s

Page Load Progression

375 ms
750 ms
1.1 s
1.5 s
1.9 s
2.2 s
2.6 s
3.0 s
Checks
17
8 PASS 4 REVIEW 3 FIX
D
Third-Party Impact
Action
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
FIX
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Warning::
Third-party code accounts for 100% of page weight (1.1 MiB of 1.1 MiB)
Info::
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
100%
First-party Third-party
F
JS Execution Cost
Action
3533ms total JS execution
FIX
3533ms total JS execution
Warning::
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scrip...: 883ms CPU time
Warning::
https://www.springernature.com/gp: 825ms CPU time
Warning::
https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMG...: 532ms CPU time
Warning::
Unattributable: 380ms CPU time
Warning::
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/...: 344ms CPU time
Warning::
Third-party scripts: 3533ms (100% of total)

Main Thread Breakdown

Script Evaluation 41% Style & Layout 24% Other 13% Script Parsing & Compilation 12% Parse HTML & CSS 5% Rendering 4%
ScriptTotalScriptingParse/CompileParty
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.7.1.min.js883ms539ms14ms3rd
https://www.springernature.com/gp825ms27ms4ms3rd
https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6532ms400ms123ms3rd
Unattributable380ms10ms0ms3rd
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.326.0344ms241ms101ms3rd
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js322ms168ms153ms3rd
https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.js190ms49ms25ms3rd
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians-print.css?r=0.326.057ms0ms0ms3rd
D
JS Bundles
Action
9 scripts, 359 KB unused
FIX
9 scripts, 359 KB unused
Warning::
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWh...: 242 KB unused (67%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMG...: 80 KB unused (46%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/...: 37 KB unused (33%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Info::
Total unused JavaScript: 359 KB
359 KB unused JavaScript

Downloaded but never executed on this page.

ScriptSizeUnusedMinifiedParty
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js362 KB242 KB (67%)✓3rd
https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6176 KB80 KB (46%)✓3rd
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.326.0111 KB37 KB (33%)✓3rd
https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.js42 KB—✓3rd
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.7.1.min.js30 KB—✓3rd
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery.bxslider.min.js?r=0.326.07 KB—✓3rd
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/charts-loader.js20 KB—✓3rd
https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js1 KB—✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6&gtg_health=10 KB—✓3rd

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

B
Page Weight Budget
1.1 MB transferred, 32 requests
REVIEW
1.1 MB transferred, 32 requests
Info::
Page weighs 4.1 MB (1.1 MB transferred)
Warning::
JavaScript is 749 KB — consider code splitting or lazy loading
Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
Got: 749 KB
Info::
32 HTTP requests
Info::
Estimated 0.23 g CO2 per page load
1.1 MB / 2.4 MB budget
1.1 MB transferred
32 requests
0.23 g CO2 per page load
JavaScript 749.4 KiB 67%
Images 191.8 KiB 17%
CSS 105.4 KiB 9%
Fonts 47.8 KiB 4%
HTML 21.0 KiB 2%
Other 4.8 KiB 0%
Other 633 B 0%
0 2.4 MB 4.9 MB
Under budget

Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.

Why this matters

JavaScript bundle is large — code-split routes and lazy-load off-screen components to defer.

Source: web.dev

B
Image Optimization
11 images, 0 KB saveable
REVIEW
11 images, 0 KB saveable
Warning::
https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/image... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
11 images 192 KB
0 oversized -0 KB
6 legacy format
1 missing dimensions CLS risk

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

B
Page Weight Inventory
32 resources · 1.1 MB · 359 KB savings available
REVIEW
32 resources · 1.1 MB · 359 KB savings available
Warning::
Page weight 97 KB over 1MB target
Got: 1.1 MB Expected: ≤ 1 MB
Info::
~359 KB of savings available
Warning::
31 third-party resources (100% of weight)
Info::
1 resources over 200KB
32 resources · 1.1 MiB · 31 third-party 96.7 KiB over 1MB target
JavaScript 67% · 749.4 KiB
Image 17% · 195.8 KiB
CSS 9% · 105.4 KiB
Font 4% · 47.8 KiB
Document 2% · 21.5 KiB
Other 0% · 883 B

~358.6 KiB of savings available

Remove unused JavaScript: 358.6 KiB
C
Green Hosting
Action
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
REVIEW

Green Hosting

No green hosting detected

A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
Font Loading
2 fonts (48 KB)
PASS
2 fonts (48 KB)
Info::
2 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

Web fonts

2

48 KB total

Render-blocking

0

of 2

Dominant font-display

swap

Most common across fonts

Font loading timeline
Transfer FOIT (block) FOUT (swap)
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s 5.0 s 6.0 s 7.0 s 8.0 s 9.0 s FCP 2.8 s LCP 8.8 shttps://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4-dd9c269fc229.woff2fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4-dd9c269fc229.woff2 — 24.2 KiB — 12 ms — font-display: swaphttps://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c-0128885fa6d8.woff2eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c-0128885fa6d8.woff2 — 23.5 KiB — 35 ms — font-display: swap
fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4... woff2 swap
Size 24 KB
Load time 12 ms
Start 591 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c... woff2 swap
Size 24 KB
Load time 35 ms
Start 592 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
Optimization checklist
  • Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
  • Use woff2 format for all fonts
  • Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
  • Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)
A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
5 hints, 0 missing preconnects
PASS
5 hints, 0 missing preconnects
Info::
Page uses 5 resource hint(s)

Current Resource Hints

preconnect
—
preload
—
dns-prefetch
5
prefetch
—

5 resource hints configured

A+
Render-Blocking Resources
No render-blocking resources detected
PASS
No render-blocking resources detected
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected in <head>
A+
Third-Party Resources
No third-party resources detected
PASS
No third-party resources detected
A
HTTP Caching
max-age=3600 (1 hour)
PASS
max-age=3600 (1 hour)
Info::
Cache-Control header is set
Got: max-age=3600
Info::
Effective TTL: 1 hour (max-age=3600)
Info::
No ETag or Last-Modified header
Conditional requests (304 Not Modified) are not possible without validators.
Cache-Control

max-age=3600

DirectiveValueMeaning
max-age3600Cache for 1 hour
Effective TTL: 3600 seconds
Network Waterfall
32 requests over 1350ms
INFO
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s 5.0 s 6.0 s 7.0 s 8.0 s 9.0 s FCP 2.8 s LCP 8.8 shttps://springernature.com// https://springernature.com/ — 301 — 250 B — 9 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/www.springernature.com/ https://www.springernature.com/ — 302 — 378 B — 296 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/gp/www.springernature.com/gp/ https://www.springernature.com/gp/ — 301 — 141 B — 39 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/gpwww.springernature.com/gp https://www.springernature.com/gp — 200 — 21.0 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.jscmp.springernature.com/production_l... https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.js — 200 — 42.1 KiB — 61 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians.css?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians.css?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 53.1 KiB — 17 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.svgwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.svg — 200 — 1.2 KiB — 13 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature-mobile.svgwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature-mobile.svg — 200 — 1.2 KiB — 25 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature_white.svgwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature_white.svg — 200 — 2.2 KiB — 8 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.7.1.min.jswww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.7.1.min.js — 200 — 30.1 KiB — 30 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery.bxslider.min.js?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery.bxslider.min.js?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 6.6 KiB — 22 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/charts-loader.jswww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/charts-loader.js — 200 — 19.9 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 111.2 KiB — 11 ms — h3https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.jswww.google.com/recaptcha/api.js https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js — 200 — 1012 B — 24 ms — h3https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=G... https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6 — 200 — 175.7 KiB — 128 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians-print.css?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians-print.css?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 52.3 KiB — 13 ms — h3data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F><svg width='1024px' height='768px…data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml ver... data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F><svg width='1024px' height='768px… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg id='Capa_1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 612.08 612.08…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 6... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg id='Capa_1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 612.08 612.08… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32' %3E%3Cpath fill='%…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32' %3E%3Cpath fill='%… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datahttps://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4-dd9c269fc229.woff2www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4-dd9c269fc229.woff2 — 200 — 24.2 KiB — 12 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c-0128885fa6d8.woff2www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c-0128885fa6d8.woff2 — 200 — 23.5 KiB — 35 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/favicon/manifest.jsonwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/favicon/manifest.json — 200 — 633 B — 37 ms — h3data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datahttps://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.jswww.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/... https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js — 200 — 362.4 KiB — 27 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/bx_loader.gifwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/bx_loader.gif — 200 — 8.8 KiB — 25 ms — h3https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6&gtg_health=1www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=... https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6&gtg_health=1 — 200 — 392 B — 16 ms — h2https://sgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp?en=banner_visible&ec=undefined&dl=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.springernature.com%252Fgp&dr=&dt=Springer%20Nature&sr=412x823&gtmid=GTM-MJMGSX6sgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp... https://sgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp?en=banner_visible&ec=undefined&dl=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.springernature.com%252Fgp&dr=&dt=Springer%20Nature&sr=412x823&gtmid=GTM-MJMGSX6 — 200 — 163 B — 36 ms — h2
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s 5.0 s 6.0 s 7.0 s 8.0 s 9.0 s FCP 2.8 s LCP 8.8 shttps://springernature.com// https://springernature.com/ — 301 — 250 B — 9 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/www.springernature.com/ https://www.springernature.com/ — 302 — 378 B — 296 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/gp/www.springernature.com/gp/ https://www.springernature.com/gp/ — 301 — 141 B — 39 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/gpwww.springernature.com/gp https://www.springernature.com/gp — 200 — 21.0 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.jscmp.springernature.com/production_l... https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.js — 200 — 42.1 KiB — 61 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians.css?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians.css?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 53.1 KiB — 17 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.svgwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.svg — 200 — 1.2 KiB — 13 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature-mobile.svgwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature-mobile.svg — 200 — 1.2 KiB — 25 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature_white.svgwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature_white.svg — 200 — 2.2 KiB — 8 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.7.1.min.jswww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.7.1.min.js — 200 — 30.1 KiB — 30 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery.bxslider.min.js?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery.bxslider.min.js?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 6.6 KiB — 22 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/charts-loader.jswww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/scripts/charts-loader.js — 200 — 19.9 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 111.2 KiB — 11 ms — h3https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.jswww.google.com/recaptcha/api.js https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js — 200 — 1012 B — 24 ms — h3https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=G... https://sgtm.springernature.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6 — 200 — 175.7 KiB — 128 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians-print.css?r=0.326.0www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians-print.css?r=0.326.0 — 200 — 52.3 KiB — 13 ms — h3data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F><svg width='1024px' height='768px…data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml ver... data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F><svg width='1024px' height='768px… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg id='Capa_1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 612.08 612.08…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 6... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg id='Capa_1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 612.08 612.08… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32' %3E%3Cpath fill='%…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32' %3E%3Cpath fill='%… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datahttps://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4-dd9c269fc229.woff2www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/fdb9d008-8cf9-47b0-92b4-dd9c269fc229.woff2 — 200 — 24.2 KiB — 12 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c-0128885fa6d8.woff2www.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/fonts/eaec63df-29cb-4036-b52c-0128885fa6d8.woff2 — 200 — 23.5 KiB — 35 ms — h3https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/favicon/manifest.jsonwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/favicon/manifest.json — 200 — 633 B — 37 ms — h3data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/…www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Ctitle%3E_%3C/… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datahttps://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.jswww.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/... https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js — 200 — 362.4 KiB — 27 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/bx_loader.gifwww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/bx_loader.gif — 200 — 8.8 KiB — 25 ms — h3https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6&gtg_health=1www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=... https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MJMGSX6&gtg_health=1 — 200 — 392 B — 16 ms — h2https://sgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp?en=banner_visible&ec=undefined&dl=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.springernature.com%252Fgp&dr=&dt=Springer%20Nature&sr=412x823&gtmid=GTM-MJMGSX6sgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp... https://sgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp?en=banner_visible&ec=undefined&dl=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.springernature.com%252Fgp&dr=&dt=Springer%20Nature&sr=412x823&gtmid=GTM-MJMGSX6 — 200 — 163 B — 36 ms — h2https://cms-resources.apps.public.k8s.springernature.io/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/19086182/data/v9cms-resources.apps.public.k8s.sprin... https://cms-resources.apps.public.k8s.springernature.io/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/19086182/data/v9 — 200 — 178.2 KiB — 65 ms — h2https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/favicon/favicon.icowww.springernature.com/app-sn/publi... https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/favicon/favicon.ico — 200 — 4.1 KiB — 6 ms — h3
HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
100% of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party 3533ms · 795KB · €57/mo
www.springernature.com
Other
Costly
Execution 883ms
Transfer 30 KB
Monthly Cost €14/mo
www.springernature.com
Other
Costly
Execution 825ms
Transfer 21 KB
Monthly Cost €13/mo
sgtm.springernature.com
Other
Costly
Execution 532ms
Transfer 176 KB
Unused 46%
Monthly Cost €8/mo
Unattributable
Other
Costly
Execution 380ms
Transfer 0 KB
Monthly Cost €6/mo
www.springernature.com
Other
Costly
Execution 344ms
Transfer 111 KB
Unused 33%
Monthly Cost €6/mo
www.gstatic.com
Other
Costly
Execution 322ms
Transfer 362 KB
Unused 67%
Monthly Cost €5/mo
cmp.springernature.com
Other
Optional
Execution 190ms
Transfer 42 KB
Monthly Cost €3/mo
www.springernature.com
Other
Optional
Execution 57ms
Transfer 52 KB
Monthly Cost €1/mo

These scripts may cost more than they're worth

  • www.springernature.com adds 883ms and costs ~€14/month
  • www.springernature.com adds 825ms and costs ~€13/month
  • sgtm.springernature.com adds 532ms and costs ~€8/month
  • Unattributable adds 380ms and costs ~€6/month
  • www.springernature.com adds 344ms and costs ~€6/month
  • www.gstatic.com adds 322ms and costs ~€5/month

100% of JavaScript execution time is spent on third-party scripts. Consider auditing which scripts are essential.

Why this matters

When third-party JS execution time exceeds your own, performance gains from frontend work are capped by code you don't own.

Learn more ▾

Every millisecond of third-party JS competes with your own for main-thread time. If their share is bigger than yours, optimization on your code base barely moves the needle. Audit, defer, or remove third-parties before further frontend optimization. Use Lighthouse's third-party audit to identify the worst offenders.

Source: web.dev

www.springernature.com takes 883ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

www.springernature.com takes 825ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

sgtm.springernature.com takes 532ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

Unattributable takes 380ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

www.springernature.com takes 344ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

www.gstatic.com takes 322ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

67% of www.gstatic.com's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.

Why this matters

Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.

Source: web.dev

How third-party costs are calculated

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

Send Feedback