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https://tandfonline.com

Performance

· 17 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
87
GRADE
B
FIX
3
REVIEW
1
PASS
11
INFO
2

Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates

Mobile Desktop
66
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
81
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
96
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
75
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

1.79 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

3.09 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

1.48 s

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.062

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

1.79 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

5.82 s

Page Load Progression

461 ms
921 ms
1.4 s
1.8 s
2.3 s
2.8 s
3.2 s
3.7 s
Checks
17
11 PASS 1 REVIEW 3 FIX
D
Third-Party Impact
Action
63% third-party, 0 ms blocking
FIX
63% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Warning::
Third-party code accounts for 63% of page weight (629.9 KiB of 1000.5 KiB)
Info::
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
37%
63%
First-party Third-party
D
JS Execution Cost
Action
2535ms total JS execution
FIX
2535ms total JS execution
Warning::
https://tandfonline.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform...: 1867ms CPU time
Warning::
Unattributable: 313ms CPU time
Warning::
https://tandfonline.com/: 294ms CPU time
Info::
https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.j...: 61ms CPU time
Info::
Third-party scripts: 374ms (15% of total)

Main Thread Breakdown

Script Evaluation 75% Other 14% Style & Layout 5%
ScriptTotalScriptingParse/CompileParty
https://tandfonline.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9ed4fd8d9970f1791867ms1800ms24ms1st
Unattributable313ms10ms0ms3rd
https://tandfonline.com/294ms71ms32ms1st
https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/vcd15cbe7772f49c399c6a5babf22c124171768917601561ms33ms3ms3rd
D
HTTP Caching
Action
no-store (uncacheable)
FIX
no-store (uncacheable)
Info::
Cache-Control: no-store prevents all caching
Intentional for dynamic content, but increases server load for every page view.
Got: private, max-age=0, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
Info::
No ETag or Last-Modified header
Conditional requests (304 Not Modified) are not possible without validators.
Cache-Control

private, max-age=0, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0

DirectiveValueMeaning
private—Only browser cache, not CDN/proxy
max-age0Cache for 0 seconds
no-store—Never cache this response
no-cache—Cache but always revalidate first
must-revalidate—Must recheck with server after expiry
post-check0
pre-check0
B
Image Optimization
5 images, 0 KB saveable
REVIEW
5 images, 0 KB saveable
Warning::
data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJkA... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmQA... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
5 images 2 KB
0 oversized -0 KB
2 legacy format
2 missing dimensions CLS risk

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

A
Page Weight Budget
1000 KB transferred, 24 requests
PASS
1000 KB transferred, 24 requests
Info::
Page weighs 1.9 MB (1000 KB transferred)
Info::
Fonts are 212 KB — consider subsetting or using system fonts
Subset fonts to include only used characters, or switch to system font stacks.
Got: 212 KB
Info::
24 HTTP requests
Info::
Estimated 0.20 g CO2 per page load
1000 KB / 2.4 MB budget
1000 KB transferred
24 requests
0.20 g CO2 per page load
Other 307.7 KiB 31%
HTML 239.3 KiB 24%
Fonts 212.2 KiB 21%
Other 143.5 KiB 14%
JavaScript 93.8 KiB 9%
Images 2.3 KiB 0%
Other 1.7 KiB 0%
0 2.4 MB 4.9 MB
Under budget

Subset fonts to include only used characters, or switch to system font stacks.

Why this matters

Font payload is large — subset to used glyphs only, or fall back to system fonts (zero load time).

Source: web.dev font loading

A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
Font Loading
1 fonts (212 KB)
PASS
1 fonts (212 KB)
Info::
1 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

Web fonts

1

212 KB total

Render-blocking

0

of 1

Dominant font-display

swap

Most common across fonts

Font loading timeline
Transfer FOIT (block) FOUT (swap)
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s FCP 1.8 s LCP 3.1 sdata:application/font-sfnt;base64,AAEAAAATAQAABAAwRFNJR54SRB0AAztIAAAVdEdERUYAJgOvAAM3KAAAAB5HUE9TC…font-sfnt;base64,AAEAAA... data:application/font-sfnt;base64,AAEAAAATAQAABAAwRFNJR54SRB0AAztIAAAVdEdERUYAJgOvAAM3KAAAAB5HUE9TC… — 212.2 KiB — 30 ms — font-display: swap
font-sfnt;base64,AAEAAA... unknown swap
Size 212 KB
Load time 30 ms
Start 165 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
  • Subset this font — over 100 KB suggests Latin Extended or full glyph coverage that most pages don't need
Optimization checklist
  • Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
  • Use woff2 format for all fonts
  • Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
  • Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)

Fixing the unchecked items could save ~170 KB and ~340 ms

A+
JS Bundles
9 scripts, 0 KB unused
PASS
9 scripts, 0 KB unused
0 KB unused JavaScript

Downloaded but never executed on this page.

ScriptSizeUnusedMinifiedParty
https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/vcd15cbe7772f49c399c6a5babf22c12417176891760157 KB—✓3rd
https://tandfonline.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9ed4fd8d9970f17970 KB—✓1st
blob:https://tandfonline.com/c2692966-abe7-4fbe-ab85-327d3810bd5f0 KB—✓3rd
https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/g/b0a7532ac8ec/api.js?onload=cFyL2&render=explicit17 KB—✓3rd
blob:https://tandfonline.com/d7ea00b3-5a0a-4d43-bd22-c58fcd3eed26-0 KB—✓3rd
blob:https://challenges.cloudflare.com/337176d2-ef0e-4f78-bbda-fdc27a4b5ba00 KB—✓3rd
blob:https://challenges.cloudflare.com/4de8d22d-40e1-45d8-ac8c-dfaca9c9924f-0 KB—✓3rd
blob:https://challenges.cloudflare.com/4de8d22d-40e1-45d8-ac8c-dfaca9c9924f-0 KB—✓3rd
blob:https://challenges.cloudflare.com/f4bbfa6b-2ac4-40bf-a976-3298694871fb-0 KB—✓3rd
A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
No optimization needed
PASS
No optimization needed
Info::
No resource hint issues
A
Page Weight Inventory
24 resources · 1000 KB · 0 KB savings available
PASS
24 resources · 1000 KB · 0 KB savings available
Info::
Within 1MB page-weight target
Got: 1000 KB
Warning::
18 third-party resources (63% of weight)
Info::
2 resources over 200KB
24 resources · 1000.5 KiB · 18 third-party Within 1MB page-weight target
Document 38% · 382.8 KiB
Other 31% · 309.5 KiB
Font 21% · 212.2 KiB
JavaScript 9% · 93.8 KiB
Image 0% · 2.3 KiB
A+
Render-Blocking Resources
No render-blocking resources detected
PASS
No render-blocking resources detected
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected in <head>
A+
Third-Party Resources
No third-party resources detected
PASS
No third-party resources detected
A+
Green Hosting
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
PASS

Green Hosting

This site is hosted on green energy infrastructure

Provider: Cloudflare

Network Waterfall
24 requests over 3260ms
INFO
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s FCP 1.8 s LCP 3.1 shttps://tandfonline.com// https://tandfonline.com/ — 307 — 65 B — 62 ms — http/1.1https://tandfonline.com// https://tandfonline.com/ — 403 — 143.9 KiB — 27 ms — h3https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/vcd15cbe7772f49c399c6a5babf22c1241717689176015static.cloudflareinsights.com/beaco... https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/vcd15cbe7772f49c399c6a5babf22c1241717689176015 — 200 — 6.9 KiB — 24 ms — h2data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQQAAAAdCAMAAAB7eOLfAAAABGdBTUEAALGPC/xhBQAAAAFzUkdCA…data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAA... data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQQAAAAdCAMAAAB7eOLfAAAABGdBTUEAALGPC/xhBQAAAAFzUkdCA… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJkAAAChCAMAAADjq+1IAAACeVBMVEUAAAD//////////////////…data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAA... data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJkAAAChCAMAAADjq+1IAAACeVBMVEUAAAD//////////////////… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmQAAABwCAQAAAAawKSTAAAWC0lEQVR42u2dabmkOhCGj4RIiAQkR…data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAA... data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmQAAABwCAQAAAAawKSTAAAWC0lEQVR42u2dabmkOhCGj4RIiAQkR… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datahttps://tandfonline.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9ed4fd8d9970f179/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orc... https://tandfonline.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9ed4fd8d9970f179 — 200 — 69.5 KiB — 26 ms — h3data:application/font-sfnt;base64,AAEAAAATAQAABAAwRFNJR54SRB0AAztIAAAVdEdERUYAJgOvAAM3KAAAAB5HUE9TC…data:application/font-sfnt;base64,A... data:application/font-sfnt;base64,AAEAAAATAQAABAAwRFNJR54SRB0AAztIAAAVdEdERUYAJgOvAAM3KAAAAB5HUE9TC… — 200 — 212.2 KiB — 30 ms — datablob:https://tandfonline.com/c2692966-abe7-4fbe-ab85-327d3810bd5ftandfonline.com/c2692966-abe7-4fbe-... blob:https://tandfonline.com/c2692966-abe7-4fbe-ab85-327d3810bd5f — -1 — 0 B — 0 ms — https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/g/b0a7532ac8ec/api.js?onload=cFyL2&render=explicitchallenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile... https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/g/b0a7532ac8ec/api.js?onload=cFyL2&render=explicit — 200 — 17.4 KiB — 21 ms — h3https://tandfonline.com/cdn-cgi/rum?/cdn-cgi/rum? https://tandfonline.com/cdn-cgi/rum? — 204 — 141 B — 9 ms — h3https://tandfonline.com/favicon.png/favicon.png https://tandfonline.com/favicon.png — 403 — 143.5 KiB — 27 ms — h3https://tandfonline.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/flow/ov1/2582455831:1776359653:dhx-9h23FmH10TlLu5PxT4ZpfX2Ps-EPhrGZOBMjK-4/9ed4fd8d9970f179/F6L0xvVGoSRjzbBAQXdtPjpn6yJue3X2N0WdvMQwzWU-1776361387-1.2.1.1-7gxMln3novTeSYEC8ZF7ws1PbQsOmzcJ6UsJsGiozpoBTmQWr7HhHJv4v8LXX37u/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/flo... https://tandfonline.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/flow/ov1/2582455831:1776359653:dhx-9h23FmH10TlLu5PxT4ZpfX2Ps-EPhrGZOBMjK-4/9ed4fd8d9970f179/F6L0xvVGoSRjzbBAQXdtPjpn6yJue3X2N0WdvMQwzWU-1776361387-1.2.1.1-7gxMln3novTeSYEC8ZF7ws1PbQsOmzcJ6UsJsGiozpoBTmQWr7HhHJv4v8LXX37u — 200 — 13.5 KiB — 26 ms — h3blob:https://tandfonline.com/d7ea00b3-5a0a-4d43-bd22-c58fcd3eed26tandfonline.com/d7ea00b3-5a0a-4d43-... blob:https://tandfonline.com/d7ea00b3-5a0a-4d43-bd22-c58fcd3eed26 — 200 — -1 B — 36 ms — blobhttps://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/turnstile/f/ov2/av0/rch/zzpyi/0x4AAAAAAAAjq6WYeRDKmebM/light/fbE/new/normal?lang=autochallenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/c... https://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/turnstile/f/ov2/av0/rch/zzpyi/0x4AAAAAAAAjq6WYeRDKmebM/light/fbE/new/normal?lang=auto — 200 — 95.4 KiB — 22 ms — h3https://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/cmg/1challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/c... https://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/cmg/1 — 200 — 208 B — 7 ms — h3blob:https://challenges.cloudflare.com/337176d2-ef0e-4f78-bbda-fdc27a4b5ba0challenges.cloudflare.com/337176d2-... blob:https://challenges.cloudflare.com/337176d2-ef0e-4f78-bbda-fdc27a4b5ba0 — -1 — 0 B — 0 ms — https://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/flow/ov1/2665393735:1776359655:-yZ21BwzAphqzXrHgKcxOX77RkXAL9rAafXdddf9JJc/9ed4fd906f871a57/vYCshHtUWcT68a.ZLcq9iw6jd2dGhn.9SiPG7W4bmWo-1776361387-1.2.1.1-_TY.pbMUAfU8ktOvaE5IttXJTwwE2iyFwgK7nOFQ1SlNNl_sN_w3jnf4gqECFO0ychallenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/c... https://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/flow/ov1/2665393735:1776359655:-yZ21BwzAphqzXrHgKcxOX77RkXAL9rAafXdddf9JJc/9ed4fd906f871a57/vYCshHtUWcT68a.ZLcq9iw6jd2dGhn.9SiPG7W4bmWo-1776361387-1.2.1.1-_TY.pbMUAfU8ktOvaE5IttXJTwwE2iyFwgK7nOFQ1SlNNl_sN_w3jnf4gqECFO0y — 200 — 271.3 KiB — 111 ms — h3blob:https://challenges.cloudflare.com/4de8d22d-40e1-45d8-ac8c-dfaca9c9924fchallenges.cloudflare.com/4de8d22d-... blob:https://challenges.cloudflare.com/4de8d22d-40e1-45d8-ac8c-dfaca9c9924f — 200 — -1 B — 19 ms — blobhttps://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/d/9ed4fd906f871a57/1776361387931/kKzXEAdhib28N72challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/c... https://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/d/9ed4fd906f871a57/1776361387931/kKzXEAdhib28N72 — 200 — 2.1 KiB — 8 ms — h3blob:https://challenges.cloudflare.com/4de8d22d-40e1-45d8-ac8c-dfaca9c9924fchallenges.cloudflare.com/4de8d22d-... blob:https://challenges.cloudflare.com/4de8d22d-40e1-45d8-ac8c-dfaca9c9924f — 200 — -1 B — 45 ms — blobhttps://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/pat/9ed4fd906f871a57/1776361387931/a8b6125eaa45e7b040a9f1dd38638cb4002b9834a5d618097ce527dc268505b7/cziJNnByleBJciNchallenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/c... https://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/pat/9ed4fd906f871a57/1776361387931/a8b6125eaa45e7b040a9f1dd38638cb4002b9834a5d618097ce527dc268505b7/cziJNnByleBJciN — 401 — 1.7 KiB — 5 ms — h3https://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/flow/ov1/2665393735:1776359655:-yZ21BwzAphqzXrHgKcxOX77RkXAL9rAafXdddf9JJc/9ed4fd906f871a57/vYCshHtUWcT68a.ZLcq9iw6jd2dGhn.9SiPG7W4bmWo-1776361387-1.2.1.1-_TY.pbMUAfU8ktOvaE5IttXJTwwE2iyFwgK7nOFQ1SlNNl_sN_w3jnf4gqECFO0ychallenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/c... https://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/flow/ov1/2665393735:1776359655:-yZ21BwzAphqzXrHgKcxOX77RkXAL9rAafXdddf9JJc/9ed4fd906f871a57/vYCshHtUWcT68a.ZLcq9iw6jd2dGhn.9SiPG7W4bmWo-1776361387-1.2.1.1-_TY.pbMUAfU8ktOvaE5IttXJTwwE2iyFwgK7nOFQ1SlNNl_sN_w3jnf4gqECFO0y — 200 — 22.8 KiB — 32 ms — h3blob:https://challenges.cloudflare.com/f4bbfa6b-2ac4-40bf-a976-3298694871fbchallenges.cloudflare.com/f4bbfa6b-... blob:https://challenges.cloudflare.com/f4bbfa6b-2ac4-40bf-a976-3298694871fb — 200 — -1 B — 22 ms — blob
HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
15% of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party 374ms · 7KB · $5/mo
Unattributable
Other
Costly
Execution 313ms
Transfer 0 KB
Monthly Cost $4/mo
static.cloudflareinsights.com
Other
Optional
Execution 61ms
Transfer 7 KB
Monthly Cost $1/mo

These scripts may cost more than they're worth

  • Unattributable adds 313ms and costs ~$4/month

Unattributable takes 313ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

How third-party costs are calculated

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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