Infrastructure

· 17 checks — DNS, redirects, IPv6, crawlability, URL variants, and domain intelligence rolled into one auditable list.

SCORE

GRADE

FIX

REVIEW

PASS

INFO

Probed from Madrid, Spain

301 Moved Permanently

Checks

7 PASS 9 REVIEW 1 FIX

CDN & Delivery

Action

No CDN detected

FIX

No CDN detected

A CDN can significantly improve load times for users around the world by caching content at edge nodes closer to them.

No CDN detected

Consider using a CDN to improve global delivery speed and reduce origin load.

DNSSEC

Unsigned (DNSSEC not deployed)

REVIEW

Unsigned (DNSSEC not deployed)

DNSSEC is not deployed

The zone is not DNSSEC-signed. Users on validating resolvers (Cloudflare 1.1.1.1, Quad9 9.9.9.9, growing default in mobile resolvers) get no protection against DNS spoofing for this domain. Most registrars now offer DNSSEC at a single click; consider enabling it for sites where authenticity matters (banking, healthcare, government).

CAA Records

No CAA records (any CA may issue certificates)

REVIEW

No CAA records (any CA may issue certificates)

No CAA records published

Without CAA records, any publicly-trusted CA can issue certificates for this domain. Adding a CAA record (`yourdomain. IN CAA 0 issue "letsencrypt.org"`) restricts issuance to CAs you authorize. Required by CAB Forum baseline since 2017; the default of 'any CA' is widely supported but is the broader attack surface for issuance fraud.

Reverse DNS

0/1 IPs match cert SAN

REVIEW

0/1 IPs match cert SAN

PTR for 13.248.181.128 does not match any cert SAN: a955eb8c53ddb15f8.awsglobalaccelerator.com

Common when behind a CDN or shared hosting (PTR points at the provider's hostname). Mismatch can also affect mail deliverability if this IP sends email -- many MTAs reject mail when forward+reverse DNS disagree.

Redirect Chain

1 redirect(s), 1470 ms total

REVIEW

1 redirect(s), 1470 ms total

Single redirect

Got: https://treccani.it → https://www.treccani.it:443/ (301)

WWW normalization redirect

Redirect overhead: 1470 ms total

Got: 1470 ms

https://treccani.it

100 ms · HTTP/1.1

301

https://www.treccani.it:443/

1370 ms · HTTP/1.1 FINAL

#	URL	Status	Time	Protocol	Server
1	https://treccani.it	301	100 ms	HTTP/1.1	awselb/2.0
2	https://www.treccani.it:443/	200	1370 ms	HTTP/1.1	CloudFront

See the visual redirect chain in the HTTP Probe tab →

IPv6 Readiness

Action

No IPv6 support

REVIEW

No IPv6 support

No IPv6 (AAAA) records found

IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.

No IPv6 Support

About 40% of internet users have IPv6. Consider adding AAAA records.

IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.

Why this matters

No AAAA records — same impact as 'no IPv6 (AAAA) records'; IPv6-preferring clients pay extra latency falling back to IPv4.

Source: Google IPv6 stats

URL Variants

www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS

REVIEW

www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS

Both www and non-www versions serve content

Got: Both variants return 200 Expected: One variant 301-redirects to the other

HTTP correctly 301-redirects to HTTPS

www / non-www

200https://www.treccani.it/

200https://treccani.it/

Inconsistent — duplicate content risk

HTTP → HTTPS

301http://treccani.it/ → https://treccani.it:443/

Consistent

TLS Certificate Expiry & Recommendations

178 days until leaf cert expires — 4 issues to address

REVIEW

Certificate validity

178

days left

0d 30d 60d 90d+

Recommended actions

Prefer TLS 1.3 — TLS 1.2 is acceptable but TLS 1.3 removes RSA key exchange and improves latency
Enable HSTS: Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
Enable DNSSEC on your domain for DNS spoofing protection
Enable OCSP stapling on your TLS server to remove a CA roundtrip and protect user privacy

CDN Cache Observability

No CDN cache-status headers in the response

REVIEW

No CDN cache-status headers in the response

Without an X-Cache / CF-Cache-Status / X-Vercel-Cache / Age header, you can't tell from outside whether a request hit the cache or went to origin. Operationally important: enables debugging stale-content reports and verifying cache rules. Most managed CDN platforms emit at least one of these by default; absence often means the platform's diagnostic headers are stripped at an upstream proxy.

Operational Status Page

No status page link detected

REVIEW

No status page link detected

No operational status page link detected

Status pages communicate planned maintenance and incidents to users -- a hallmark of operationally-mature services. Most SaaS teams publish one via Atlassian Statuspage, Instatus, BetterUptime, or a self-hosted Cachet. Smaller sites legitimately don't need one; flagged as Info, not a failure.

A+

DNS Records

1 A records, 46 ms lookup

PASS

1 A records, 46 ms lookup

Resolves to 1 IPv4 address(es)

Got: 13.248.181.128

Single A record — no DNS redundancy

Multiple A records provide failover if one server goes down.

No IPv6 (AAAA) records

4 nameserver(s) configured

Got: ns2a.idcservices.it, ns4a.idcservices.it, ns1a.idcservices.it, ns3a.idcservices.it

1 mail exchanger(s) configured

SPF record present in TXT

DNS resolution time: 46 ms

Got: 46 ms

A	13.248.181.128
AAAA	—
CNAME	—
NS	ns2a.idcservices.it, ns4a.idcservices.it, ns1a.idcservices.it, ns3a.idcservices.it
MX	0 treccani-it.mail.protection.outlook.com
TXT	_essa2mpomvbexsxw3rq64sabw9hi3yj Sendinblue-code:1fdc3ae516dc884f082e3c83c40f29f2 MS=ms95221610 brevo-code:d466a04014f0979ef2fbbc3b3ea9c9c2 SPF v=spf1 include:spf-bt.treccani.it include:spf-zucchetti.treccani.it include:spf-... facebook-domain-verification=yo0mx8n80fmpv35uv8xzopod9vt3jh
CAA	Lookup not available with standard resolver

Resolved in 46 ms

Multiple A records provide failover if one server goes down.

Why this matters

Single A record means a single point of failure — if that IP goes down, your site is unreachable until DNS TTL expires.

Learn more ▾

Add multiple A records for round-robin failover, or use a managed DNS provider with health-checked failover (Route 53, Cloudflare, NS1). Short TTL (60-300s) lets clients recover faster on outages.

Source: SRE practice / DNS architecture

A+

Subdomain Takeover

No subdomain takeover risk detected

PASS

No subdomain takeover risk detected

No CNAME record present

Multi-Resolver DNS Speed

Mean 54ms across 3 resolvers (spread 39ms)

PASS

Mean 54ms across 3 resolvers (spread 39ms)

Cloudflare: 36ms

Got: 36ms via 1.1.1.1:53

Google: 53ms

Got: 53ms via 8.8.8.8:53

Quad9: 75ms

Got: 75ms via 9.9.9.9:53

A+

Crawlability

robots.txt present, sitemap with 11 URLs

PASS

robots.txt present, sitemap with 11 URLs

robots.txt is present

Got: 10240 bytes

sitemap.xml is present

sitemap.xml is valid XML

sitemap.xml contains 11 entries

robots.txt does not reference a sitemap

Add a 'Sitemap:' directive to robots.txt so search engines can discover your sitemap.

Why this matters

robots.txt omits Sitemap: directive — crawlers must fetch /sitemap.xml by convention; reliable but missing the explicit hint.

Source: sitemaps.org

robots.txt 200 OK

Size 10240 B Sitemaps referenced 0 User-agents ClaudeBot, cohere-ai, Meta-ExternalAgent, OAI-SearchBot, Baiduspider, Zao, Teleport, GPTBot, anthropic-ai, Claude-Web, Bytespider, Claude-User, Yandex, UbiCrawler, meta-externalagent, webzio, Claude-SearchBot, ICC-Crawler, Offline Explorer, Google-Extended, PerplexityBot, Perplexity-User, Meta-ExternalFetcher, Mediapartners-Google, Zealbot, MSIECrawler, Microsoft.URL.Control, Xenu, larbin, ZyBORG, Diffbot, WebCopier, Download Ninja, MistralAI-User, MistralAI-Index, meta-externalfetcher, Amzn-SearchBot, Amzn-User, DOC, Fetch, HTTrack, CohereBot, Amazonbot, ChatGPT-User, Orthogaffe, TeleportPro, WebZIP, linko, rogerbot, CCBot, Applebot-Extended, FacebookBot, SiteSnagger, WebStripper Blocking No — crawling allowed

# ==============================================================================
# SPECIFIC CRAWLERS (LEGACY)
# ==============================================================================

User-agent: Mediapartners-Google
Disallow:

User-agent: ICC-Crawler
Disallow: /

User-agent: Baiduspider
Disallow: /

User-agent: Orthogaffe
Disallow: /

User-agent: Yandex
Disallow: /

User-agent: UbiCrawler
Disallow: /

User-agent: DOC
Disallow: /

User-agent: Zao
Disallow: /

User-agent: Zealbot
Disallow: /

User-agent: MSIECrawler
Disallow: /

User-agent: SiteSnagger
Disallow: /

User-agent: WebStripper
Disallow: /

User-agent: WebCopier
Disallow: /

User-agent: Fetch
Disallow: /

User-agent: Offline Explorer
Disallow: /

User-agent: Teleport
Disallow: /

User-agent: TeleportPro
Disallow: /

User-agent: WebZIP
Disallow: /

User-agent: linko
Disallow: /

User-agent: HTTrack
Disallow: /

User-agent: Microsoft.URL.Control
Disallow: /

User-agent: Xenu
Disallow: /

User-agent: larbin
Disallow: /

User-agent: rogerbot
Allow: /Portale/

User-agent: ZyBORG
Disallow: /

User-agent: Download Ninja
Disallow: /


# ============================================================
# Treccani robots.txt
# Mountweazel Forensic Architecture
# Updated: April 10, 2026
#
# Strategy: Scenario 3 for training bots (named trap paths,
# no Allow, no blanket Disallow). Interactive/search bots get
# trap paths + Allow: / to preserve AI search visibility.
# ============================================================

# ------------------------------------------------------------
# AI TRAINING BOTS
# ------------------------------------------------------------

# OpenAI (training)
User-agent: GPTBot
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
# CHANGED (Change 1, HIGH): removed final "Disallow: /".
# A blanket block contradicts the commercial goal of remaining
# visible to AI search products and weakens the forensic posture.
# Trap paths alone are sufficient to ground a knowing-violation claim.

# Google AI (training control token)
User-agent: Google-Extended
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
# CHANGED (Change 1, HIGH): removed final "Disallow: /".
# Google-Extended is a policy token, not a separate crawler:
# blocking it has no effect on Google Search indexing.

# Anthropic (training)
User-agent: ClaudeBot
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
# CHANGED (Change 1, HIGH): removed final "Disallow: /".

# Anthropic — deprecated UAs (kept for spoofing coverage)
User-agent: anthropic-ai
User-agent: Claude-Web
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
# CHANGED (Change 4, LOW): added explicit block for deprecated
# Anthropic user agents. "anthropic-ai" was previously commented
# out and "Claude-Web" was absent. Any hit on these UAs after
# Anthropic's Feb 2026 deprecation is an additional intentionality
# indicator (legacy or spoofed crawler) usable in legal proceedings.

# Common Crawl
User-agent: CCBot
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
# CHANGED (Change 1, HIGH): removed final "Disallow: /".

# Cohere (training only, no consumer search product)
User-agent: CohereBot
User-agent: cohere-ai
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
Disallow: /
# UNCHANGED: Cohere has no consumer search product to preserve,
# blanket block is consistent with strategy.

# ByteDance
User-agent: Bytespider
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
Disallow: /
# UNCHANGED: pure training crawler, blanket block kept.

# Meta AI — training crawler
User-agent: meta-externalagent
User-agent: Meta-ExternalAgent
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
Disallow: /
# CHANGED (Change 3, MEDIUM): split from meta-externalfetcher.
# meta-externalagent is the training crawler and remains blocked;
# meta-externalfetcher is user-triggered and is now declared
# separately below with Allow: /.

# Apple AI (training control token)
User-agent: Applebot-Extended
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
Disallow: /
# UNCHANGED: policy token controlling AI training only,
# no impact on Applebot/Spotlight/Siri indexing.

# Diffbot
User-agent: Diffbot
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
Disallow: /
# UNCHANGED: data broker selling to LLM vendors, no consumer product.

# Webz.io
User-agent: webzio
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
Disallow: /
# UNCHANGED: data broker, blanket block kept.

# Amazonbot (training)
User-agent: Amazonbot
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
Disallow: /
# CHANGED (Change 2, MEDIUM): added explicit trap paths before
# the blanket Disallow. Previously only "Disallow: /" was present,
# meaning no trap path was nominally declared for this UA and
# any hit could not be framed as a knowing violation.

# ------------------------------------------------------------
# INTERACTIVE / SEARCH BOTS — trap paths + Allow: /
# ------------------------------------------------------------

# OpenAI Search (no training)
User-agent: OAI-SearchBot
User-agent: ChatGPT-User
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
Allow: /
# UNCHANGED. Note: ChatGPT-User is user-initiated and may bypass
# robots.txt per OpenAI documentation. Listing is a policy signal.

# Anthropic (search, no training)
User-agent: Claude-User
User-agent: Claude-SearchBot
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
Allow: /
# UNCHANGED.

# Perplexity (no training)
User-agent: PerplexityBot
User-agent: Perplexity-User
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
Allow: /
# UNCHANGED. Note: Perplexity-User is user-initiated and may
# bypass robots.txt per Perplexity documentation.

# Mistral (no training)
User-agent: MistralAI-User
User-agent: MistralAI-Index
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
Allow: /
# UNCHANGED.

# Meta AI — user-triggered fetcher (interactive, not training)
User-agent: meta-externalfetcher
User-agent: Meta-ExternalFetcher
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
Allow: /
# CHANGED (Change 3, MEDIUM): split from meta-externalagent and
# moved to interactive section with Allow: /. This UA is user-
# triggered (equivalent in role to ChatGPT-User) and must be
# allowed to preserve Meta AI visibility of Treccani content.

# Amazon Search
User-agent: Amzn-SearchBot
User-agent: Amzn-User
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
Allow: /
# UNCHANGED. Interactive classification assumed but not confirmed
# by official Amazon documentation: monitor production logs.

# Facebook link previews (Facebook + Instagram sharing)
User-agent: FacebookBot
Disallow: /sys-map/
Disallow: /.well-known/
Disallow: /enciclopedia/unita-operativa-2/
Disallow: /archivio/etimologia-fittizia/
Disallow: /api/v1/data-archive-test-03/
Disallow: /data-archive/v1/test-03/
Disallow: /protected-archives/
Allow: /
# CHANGED (Change 2, MEDIUM): added explicit trap paths and
# switched from blanket Disallow to Allow: / per client d

sitemap.xml 200 OK

Type URL Set URLs 11 entries Valid XML Yes

Sample URLs:

A+

Domain Intelligence

treccani.it — via RETELITX-REG, 29 years, 8 months old, hosted on AWS

PASS

treccani.it — via RETELITX-REG, 29 years, 8 months old, hosted on AWS

Domain registered until Jun 11, 2027 (10 months remaining)

Registrar: RETELITX-REG

Registrar lock is NOT enabled

The domain can be transferred without an unlock step. Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) in your registrar's control panel to protect against unauthorized or accidental transfers.

Hosting: AWS

Got: AS16509

Domain expiry

319 days

June 11, 2027

SSL certificate

178 days

Issued by Amazon

Domain age

29 years, 8 months

Registered April 10, 1997

DNSSEC

Status unknown

Protects against DNS spoofing

Hosting

AWS

ASN AS16509

13.248.181.128

Registrar

RETELITX-REG

Unlocked 4 NS records

Expiry timeline

Today

+1 year

Domain expiry SSL expiry Danger zone (≤30 days)

Recommended actions

Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) to block unauthorized domain transfers

Registrar RETELITX-REG

Created April 10, 1997 (29 years, 8 months ago)

Expires June 11, 2027 (10 months)

Last Updated June 27, 2026

Name Servers ns2a.idcservices.it, ns1a.idcservices.it, ns3a.idcservices.it, ns4a.idcservices.it

Registrant Istituto Enciclopedia Italiana Fondata da Giovanni Treccani SpA

Hosting

IP Address 13.248.181.128

ASN AS16509 (AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US)

Provider AWS

Data source: whois (0.7s)

The domain can be transferred without an unlock step. Enable registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited) in your registrar's control panel to protect against unauthorized or accidental transfers.

Why this matters

Without registrar lock, an attacker who phishes your registrar credentials can transfer the domain in minutes — total brand hijack.

Learn more ▾

Registrar lock (clientTransferProhibited, clientUpdateProhibited, clientDeleteProhibited) requires extra verification before any transfer/update/delete. Every major registrar offers it free. Combined with 2FA on your registrar account, it's the strongest defense against domain hijacking.

Source: ICANN / domain-security best practice

A+

HTTP Probe Timing

Total 166 ms — DNS, TCP, TLS, TTFB, content transfer breakdown

PASS

DNS Lookup

60 ms

TCP Connect

1 ms

TLS Handshake

81 ms

Time to First Byte

166 ms

Total Time

166 ms

Connection waterfall

DNS Lookup 60 ms TCP Connect 1 ms TLS Handshake 81 ms Server Processing 24 ms Content Transfer 0 ms

A+

Health Check Endpoint

Health endpoint at https://treccani.it/health (HTTP 200)

PASS

Health endpoint at https://treccani.it/health (HTTP 200)

Public health endpoint at https://treccani.it/health

Got: https://treccani.it/health

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.