Accessibility

· 13 checks — Landmarks, headings, alt text, forms, and link quality rolled into one auditable list.

SCORE

GRADE

FIX

REVIEW

PASS

INFO

Checks

5 PASS 3 REVIEW 5 FIX

Favicon & Branding

Action

2 icon(s) detected

FIX

2 icon(s) detected

favicon.ico present at site root

HTML icon links detected

No apple-touch-icon detected

iOS devices use this when users add your site to their home screen. Add <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='180x180' href='/apple-touch-icon.png'>.

✓ favicon.ico Present

✓ PNG Icons Present

✗ Apple Touch Missing

✗ SVG Favicon Missing

✗ Manifest Icons Missing

✗ Multiple Sizes Missing

Web Manifest

Action

Not found

FIX

Not found

No web manifest found

No manifest at standard paths (/manifest.json, /site.webmanifest). A manifest is optional but enables PWA features like home screen installation and standalone display.

No web manifest found.

Dark Mode Support

Action

No dark mode signals

FIX

No dark mode signals

No dark mode signals detected

Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles

External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.

Dark ModeNo Dark Mode Detected

color-scheme meta Not set ✗Dark theme-color Not set ✗CSS indicators Not detected ✗

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles.

Print Stylesheet

Action

No print styles

FIX

No print styles

No print-specific styles detected

When users print this page, they get the screen layout including navigation and non-essential elements. Add @media print rules to hide navigation and optimize layout for paper.

Print Stylesheet No Print Styles

Print stylesheet Not found ✗Inline @media print Not detected ✗

Link & Button Quality

Action

6 issue(s) across 76 links and 17 buttons

REVIEW

6 issue(s) across 76 links and 17 buttons

6 link(s) with generic text

Generic link text like 'click here' doesn't describe the destination.

Got: https://www.twosigma.com/legal-disclosure/cookies-policy/ ("here"); http://www.twosigma.com/legal-disclosure/privacy-policy/ ("Learn More"); https://www.twosigma.com/articles/ai-in-investment-management-2026-outlook-part-i/ ("Read more"); https://www.twosigma.com/articles/office-hours-with-chris-busby-global-head-of-investor-relations/ ("Read more"); https://www.twosigma.com/articles/treating-data-as-code-at-two-sigma/ ("Read more"); https://www.twosigma.com/businesses/real-estate/ ("Learn more")

6 link(s) open in new tab without warning

Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.

Got: https://www.twosigma.com/transcripts/homepage/; https://www.twosigma.com/transcripts/homepage-mobile/; https://www.linkedin.com/company/two-sigma-investments/; https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOylzLjxDbZHFzDbHJiJhgw; https://www.linkedin.com/company/two-sigma-investments/; https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOylzLjxDbZHFzDbHJiJhgw

64 link(s) with descriptive text

76 links

0 empty

6 generic text

6 new tab

0 empty buttons

Element	Text	Issue	Suggested Fix
https://www.twosigma.com/legal-disclosur…	here	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: here Suggested: Cookies Policy
http://www.twosigma.com/legal-disclosure…	Learn More	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Learn More Suggested: Privacy Policy
https://www.twosigma.com/transcripts/hom…	Open video transcript	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.twosigma.com/transcripts/hom…	Open video transcript	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.twosigma.com/articles/ai-in-…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Ai In Investment Management 2026 Outlook Part I
https://www.twosigma.com/articles/office…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Office Hours With Chris Busby Global Head Of Investor Relations
https://www.twosigma.com/articles/treati…	Read more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Read more Suggested: Treating Data As Code At Two Sigma
https://www.twosigma.com/businesses/real…	Learn more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: Learn more Suggested: Real Estate
https://www.linkedin.com/company/two-sig…	LinkedIn	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOylzLj…	YouTube	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.linkedin.com/company/two-sig…	LinkedIn	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOylzLj…	YouTube	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text

81 links and buttons have descriptive text

Generic link text like 'click here' doesn't describe the destination.

https://www.twosigma.com/legal-disclosure/cookies-policy/ ("here"); http://www.twosigma.com/legal-disclosure/privacy-policy/ ("Learn More"); https://www.twosigma.com/articles/ai-in-investment-management-2026-outlook-part-i/ ("Read more"); https://www.twosigma.com/articles/office-hours-with-chris-busby-global-head-of-investor-relations/ ("Read more"); https://www.twosigma.com/articles/treating-data-as-code-at-two-sigma/ ("Read more"); https://www.twosigma.com/businesses/real-estate/ ("Learn more")

Why this matters

Generic anchor text ('click here', 'read more', 'learn more') tells screen readers and search engines nothing about the destination.

Learn more ▾

Out-of-context lists of links read by AT (one navigation pattern) become useless when every link says 'click here'. Use the destination's title or topic as anchor text. Doubles as SEO win — Google passes anchor-text relevance to the destination.

Source: WCAG 2.4.4 / Google Search Central

Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.

https://www.twosigma.com/transcripts/homepage/; https://www.twosigma.com/transcripts/homepage-mobile/; https://www.linkedin.com/company/two-sigma-investments/; https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOylzLjxDbZHFzDbHJiJhgw; https://www.linkedin.com/company/two-sigma-investments/; https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOylzLjxDbZHFzDbHJiJhgw

Why this matters

Links with target="_blank" without rel="noopener" leak the originating page's window context — security and UX issue.

Learn more ▾

Without rel="noopener", the new tab can navigate the original tab via window.opener (tab-nabbing attack). Modern browsers default to noopener for target=_blank but only since recent versions. Always set rel="noopener noreferrer" explicitly.

Source: MDN target / OWASP

Color Contrast (Screenshot)

Action

20 text elements analyzed, 15 fail WCAG AA

REVIEW

Analyzes text contrast against the actual rendered page, including background images, gradients, and overlays that CSS-based tools cannot detect.

5 pass 15 fail WCAG AA

h1 Two Sigma: This is Financial Sciences

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

32px · bottom of viewport

h2 Global Controls

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 Our people advance our understanding of …

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 We apply our scientific expertise to a n…

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 Our Science at Work

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h2 Learn about our Real Estate business, wh…

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · bottom of viewport

h3 AI in Investment Management: 2026 Outloo…

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

19px · bottom of viewport

h3 Office Hours with Chris Busby, Global He…

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

19px · bottom of viewport

h3 Treating Data as Code at Two Sigma

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

19px · bottom of viewport

h3 Businesses

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

19px · bottom of viewport

h3 Careers

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

19px · bottom of viewport

h3 Academic Partnerships

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

19px · bottom of viewport

h3 Data Platforms

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

19px · bottom of viewport

h3 Socials

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

19px · bottom of viewport

h3 Socials

1.00:1

#000000

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

19px · bottom of viewport

Show all checked elements (20)

Element	Ratio	Required	FG	BG	Result
h1 Two Sigma: This is F…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 Expanded hamburger m…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 Global Controls	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 Our people advance o…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 We apply our scienti…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 Our Science at Work	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h2 Learn about our Real…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h3 AI in Investment Man…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h3 Office Hours with Ch…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h3 Treating Data as Cod…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h3 Businesses	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h3 Careers	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h3 Academic Partnership…	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h3 Data Platforms	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h3 Socials	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
h3 Socials	1.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
title Two Sigma	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
a Skip to content	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
p Two Sigma uses third…	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
a here	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass

Methodology: The top 20 text elements by font size were checked. Background color was sampled from the desktop screenshot using a 5-point pattern. WCAG 2.1 AA requires 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.

Lighthouse Accessibility Audits

Score 89/100 — 3 failing, 26 passed

REVIEW

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Tables and lists

Screen readers have a specific way of announcing lists. Ensuring proper list structure aids screen reader output. Learn more about proper list structure.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Data Science, Engineering AI in Investment Management: 2026 Outlook (Part I) Wo… `div.relatedArticles > div.content > div > ul.relatedArticles__cards`

Screen readers require list items (`<li>`) to be contained within a parent `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` to be announced properly. Learn more about proper list structure.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Data Science, Engineering AI in Investment Management: 2026 Outlook (Part I) `ul.relatedArticles__cards > div.flickity-viewport > div.flickity-slider > li.card`

These are opportunities to improve the experience of reading tabular or list data using assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Navigation

A value greater than 0 implies an explicit navigation ordering. Although technically valid, this often creates frustrating experiences for users who rely on assistive technologies. Learn more about the `tabindex` attribute.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Accept `div.content > div.cookieBar-actions > div.cookieBar-buttons > button.button`
Reject `div.content > div.cookieBar-actions > div.cookieBar-buttons > button.button`

These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

●Links have a discernible name

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order

●Skip links are focusable.

●Document has a main landmark.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

●`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

●Identical links have the same purpose.

●Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Form elements have associated labels

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

A+

Landmark Structure

8 landmarks

PASS

8 landmarks

<main> landmark present

1 <nav> landmark(s) found

Skip navigation link present

Page Structure — as a screen reader sees it

Heading Hierarchy

21 headings, 1 skip(s)

PASS

21 headings, 1 skip(s)

Single H1 present

Heading level skipped: H2 → H6 (missing H3)

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

H2 Expanded hamburger menu for Two Sigma's site navigation
H6 Topics skipped
H2 Global Controls
H1 Two Sigma: This is Financial Sciences
H2 Our people advance our understanding of the world.
H2 We apply our scientific expertise to a number of financial services sectors.
H2 Our Science at Work
H3 AI in Investment Management: 2026 Outlook (Part I)
H3 Office Hours with Chris Busby, Global Head of Investor Relations
H3 Treating Data as Code at Two Sigma
H2 Learn about our Real Estate business, where data science research supports real estate investing.
H3 Businesses
H3 Careers
H3 Academic Partnerships
H3 Data Platforms
H3 Headquarters
H3 Socials
H3 North America
H3 Europe
H3 Asia-Pacific
H3 Socials

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

Why this matters

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline — screen-reader users lose track of section nesting.

Learn more ▾

Screen reader users navigate by jumping between headings (H1 → H2 → H3). Skipping (H1 → H3) breaks the sense of hierarchy. Use sequential levels even if you don't like the default styling — restyle with CSS instead. WCAG 1.3.1 (Info and Relationships) treats this as an A failure.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / W3C WAI

A+

Alt Text Quality

All 11 images OK

PASS

All 11 images OK

7 decorative image(s) correctly marked

4 image(s) with good alt text

11 images 4 good alt text 7 decorative

All images have appropriate alt text.

Form Accessibility

1 of 3 controls have issues

PASS

1 of 3 controls have issues

1 control(s) without accessible label

Form controls need a <label>, aria-label, or aria-labelledby for screen readers.

Got: <textarea name="g-recaptcha-response" id="g-recaptcha-response-100000">

2 control(s) properly labeled

3 controls

2 labeled

0 placeholder only

1 unlabeled

Control	Type	Label	Method
s	search	Search for	none
input	submit	Click to see search results	aria-label
#g-recaptcha-response-100000	textarea	(none)	none

Form controls need a <label>, aria-label, or aria-labelledby for screen readers.

Why this matters

Form controls without labels — assistive tech announces 'edit text' with no context; users can't complete forms.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 3.3.2

404 Error Page

HTTP 404, custom page

PASS

HTTP 404, custom page

Correct 404 status code returned

Got: HTTP 404

Custom styled 404 page

Navigation links present on 404 page

Homepage link present on 404 page

Search form present on 404 page

404 Page Quality ✓ Custom 404 Page

Status Code HTTP 404 ✓Page Title Page not found - Two Sigma ✓Custom Styling ✓Navigation ✓Homepage Link ✓Search Form ✓

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.