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Accessibility

· 13 checks — Landmarks, headings, alt text, forms, and link quality rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
57
GRADE
D
FIX
6
REVIEW
2
PASS
5
INFO
0
Checks
13
5 PASS 2 REVIEW 6 FIX
D
Landmark Structure
Action
35 landmarks
FIX
35 landmarks
Critical::
No <main> landmark found
Screen reader users cannot quickly navigate to the primary content. Wrap your main content in <main>.
Info::
15 <nav> landmark(s) found
Warning::
15 of 15 <nav> elements are unlabeled
Multiple navigations need aria-label to distinguish them for screen readers.
Warning::
Skip navigation link is missing (WCAG 2.4.1)
Add a skip link as the first focusable element so keyboard users can bypass repeated navigation.
Info::
Search landmark present
Page Structure — as a screen reader sees it
BANNER header NAV SEARCH MAIN (missing!) ASIDE CONTENTINFO footer

Screen reader users cannot quickly navigate to the primary content. Wrap your main content in <main>.

Why this matters

Without a <main> landmark, screen-reader users can't skip past the navigation to the page content — every page starts with re-reading the menu.

Learn more ▾

The <main> element marks the page's primary content area. Assistive tech offers a 'jump to main' shortcut — but only if <main> exists. Without it, every page navigation forces re-reading the header. Wrap your primary content in a single <main>.

Source: WAI-ARIA / WCAG 2.4.1

Multiple navigations need aria-label to distinguish them for screen readers.

Why this matters

Some <nav> elements lack aria-label — screen-reader users hear 'navigation' multiple times with no way to distinguish them.

Learn more ▾

When a page has multiple <nav> regions (primary, footer, breadcrumb), each needs aria-label or aria-labelledby. AT users navigate by landmark; identical 'navigation' announcements force them to enter each one to discover purpose.

Source: WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices

Add a skip link as the first focusable element so keyboard users can bypass repeated navigation.

Why this matters

Without a skip-nav link, keyboard users tab through every nav item before reaching content — every page, every visit.

Learn more ▾

WCAG 2.4.1 (Bypass Blocks) requires a mechanism to skip past repeated content. The standard implementation is a 'Skip to main content' link that's the first focusable element, visually hidden until focused. Three lines of HTML + four of CSS.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 2.4.1

F
404 Error Page
Action
HTTP 404, bare page
FIX
HTTP 404, bare page
Info::
Correct 404 status code returned
Got: HTTP 404
Warning::
Bare server default 404 page
The 404 page has no custom styling. Users hitting a broken link see a generic error with no way to navigate back. Add a custom 404 page with your site navigation and a search bar.
404 Page Quality Default 404 Page
Status Code HTTP 404 ✓Custom Styling ✗Navigation ✗Homepage Link ✗Search Form ✗
F
Favicon & Branding
Action
1 icon(s) detected
FIX
1 icon(s) detected
Warning::
No favicon.ico at site root
Some older browsers, bookmark tools, and RSS readers look for /favicon.ico. Add one as a fallback.
Info::
HTML icon links detected
Info::
No apple-touch-icon detected
iOS devices use this when users add your site to their home screen. Add <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='180x180' href='/apple-touch-icon.png'>.
✗ favicon.ico Missing
✓ PNG Icons Present
✗ Apple Touch Missing
✗ SVG Favicon Missing
✗ Manifest Icons Missing
✗ Multiple Sizes Missing
D
Web Manifest
Action
Not found
FIX
Not found
Info::
No web manifest found
No manifest at standard paths (/manifest.json, /site.webmanifest). A manifest is optional but enables PWA features like home screen installation and standalone display.

No web manifest found.

D
Dark Mode Support
Action
No dark mode signals
FIX
No dark mode signals
Info::
No dark mode signals detected
Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.
Info::
Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles
External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.
Dark ModeNo Dark Mode Detected
color-scheme meta Not set ✗Dark theme-color Not set ✗CSS indicators Not detected ✗

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles.

F
Navigation UX
Action
1 navigation pattern(s)
FIX
1 navigation pattern(s)
Info::
Search functionality detected
Got: role-search
Info::
15 navigation landmark(s) detected
Breadcrumbs
Search role='search' landmark
Skip Link
Labeled Navigation 15 <nav> element(s)
Back to Top
Hamburger Menu
Sticky Navigation Cannot reliably detect (CSS-based)
2 of 6 testable patterns navigation patterns detected. Limited navigation support. Consider adding breadcrumbs, search, and skip link.
B
Lighthouse Accessibility Audits
Score 87/100 — 4 failing, 22 passed
REVIEW
87

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Contrast

Low-contrast text is difficult or impossible for many users to read. Learn how to provide sufficient color contrast.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
© LMU München - Gerhard Gnauck div.module-content > figure.teaserfigure > figcaption > address
STUDIUM header.module > div.module-content > h2#anchor_1_74 > a
Studium an der Universität Münster div.content > section#inhalt > article.module > div.metainfo
© Uni MS - Peter Lessmann div.module-content > figure.teaserfigure > figcaption > address
Berufsbegleitend studieren an der Universität Münster div.module-content > header > h2 > a
Universität Münster Professional School div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
JurGrad div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
© Studierendenwerk Münster div.module-content > figure.teaserfigure > figcaption > address
Wohnen in Münster div.module-content > header > h2 > a
"Studierzimmer" in Münster div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
"Deine Couch für Erstis" div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
Studierendenwerk div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
Elektronische Wohnsitzanmeldung div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
Links div.content > section#inhalt > aside.module > h2.metainfo
Studienmöglichkeiten an der Universität Münster div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Bewerbung div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Professional School div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
Internationale Mobilität div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Organisation div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Hilfe und Beratung div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Studierendensekretariat div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Fristen und Termine div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Zentrale Studienberatung div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
Career Service div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
Karriereportal unikap.ms div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
Hochschulsport div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
Sprachen lernen div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
© Judith Kraft div.module-content > figure.teaserfigure > figcaption > address
DIE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER section#inhalt > header.module > div.module-content > h2#anchor_1_76
© Uni MS Compliance Office div.module-content > figure.teaserfigure > figcaption > address
Compliance an der Universität Münster div.module-content > header > h2 > a
Code of Conduct div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Compliance Guide div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Interne Meldestelle div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
© Uni MS div.module-content > figure.teaserfigure > figcaption > address
Ulysseus an der Universität Münster div.module-content > header > h2 > a
European Universities initiative div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.ext
© Uni MS - Peter Grewer div.module-content > figure.teaserfigure > figcaption > address
Karriere an der Universität Münster div.module-content > header > h2 > a
Aktuelle Stellenangebote div.module-content > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
nach oben div#top > footer > div.row > a.nav-slideup

These are opportunities to improve the legibility of your content.

Navigation

Properly ordered headings that do not skip levels convey the semantic structure of the page, making it easier to navigate and understand when using assistive technologies. Learn more about heading order.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
News und Termine im Überblick section#inhalt > aside.module > div.module-content > h4

These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

Names and labels

Link text (and alternate text for images, when used as links) that is discernible, unique, and focusable improves the navigation experience for screen reader users. Learn how to make links accessible.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
header > div.nav-mobile-menu > nav.nav-mobile > a.nav-mobile-toggle header > div.nav-mobile-menu > nav.nav-mobile > a.nav-mobile-toggle
header > div.nav-mobile-menu > div.nav-search-mobile > a.nav-search-mobile-toggle header > div.nav-mobile-menu > div.nav-search-mobile > a.nav-search-mobile-toggle

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Best practices

Touch targets with sufficient size and spacing help users who may have difficulty targeting small controls to activate the targets. Learn more about touch targets.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Leichte Sprache aside.module > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Personensuche aside.module > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Uni A-Z aside.module > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Lageplan aside.module > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Fachbereiche aside.module > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Uni-Bi­bli­o­thek aside.module > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Vor­le­sungs­ver­zeich­nis aside.module > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
Stu­die­ren­den­se­kre­ta­ri­at aside.module > ul.linkliste > li > a.int
INDEX nav.nav-footer > ul > li.js > a
SITE MAP nav.nav-footer > ul > li.js > a
BARRIEREFREIHEIT nav.nav-footer > ul > li.js > a

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable
○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state
○The page has a logical tab order
○Visual order on the page follows DOM order
○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region
○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page
○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation
○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology
○Custom controls have associated labels
○Custom controls have ARIA roles
●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`
●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes
●`[role]` values are valid
●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values
●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled
●Buttons have an accessible name
●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes
●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.
●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role
●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes
●Document has a `<title>` element
●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute
●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute
●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).
●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements
●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0
●`[lang]` attributes have a valid value
●Skip links are focusable.
●Document has a main landmark.
●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used
●Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements
○`[accesskey]` values are unique
○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names
○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.
○`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents
○ARIA input fields have accessible names
○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names
○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.
○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element
○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.
○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names
○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names
○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region
○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.
○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements
○ARIA IDs are unique
○No form fields have multiple labels
○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title
○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.
○Input buttons have discernible text.
○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text
○Form elements have associated labels
○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.
○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`
○`<object>` elements have alternate text
○Select elements have associated label elements.
○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.
○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.
○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`
○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.
○All heading elements contain content.
○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.
○Identical links have the same purpose.
○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.
○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.
○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.
A
Heading Hierarchy
18 headings, 1 skip(s)
PASS
18 headings, 1 skip(s)
Info::
Single H1 present
Warning::
Heading level skipped: H2 → H4 (missing H3)
Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.
  • H1 Universität Münster
  • H2 Universität eröffnet Ausstellung über Hungersnot in der Ukraine 1932/33
  • H2 Newsportal
  • H4 News und Termine im Überblick skipped
  • H2 Studium
  • H2 Berufsbegleitend studieren an der Universität Münster
  • H2 Wohnen in Münster
  • H2 Links
  • H2 Forschung
  • H2 Die Exzellenzcluster der Universität Münster
  • H2 Forschungsprofil
  • H2 Tenure Track
  • H2 Die Universität Münster
  • H2 Compliance an der Universität Münster
  • H2 Ulysseus an der Universität Münster
  • H2 Karriere an der Universität Münster
  • H2 Kontakt
  • H2 Top-Links

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

Why this matters

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline — screen-reader users lose track of section nesting.

Learn more ▾

Screen reader users navigate by jumping between headings (H1 → H2 → H3). Skipping (H1 → H3) breaks the sense of hierarchy. Use sequential levels even if you don't like the default styling — restyle with CSS instead. WCAG 1.3.1 (Info and Relationships) treats this as an A failure.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / W3C WAI

A
Alt Text Quality
All 16 images OK
PASS
All 16 images OK
Info::
5 image(s) with alt text over 125 characters
Info::
11 image(s) with good alt text
16 images 11 good alt text
IssueCount
too long5 image(s)
A
Form Accessibility
1 of 2 controls have issues
PASS
1 of 2 controls have issues
Critical::
1 control(s) without accessible label
Form controls need a <label>, aria-label, or aria-labelledby for screen readers.
Got: <input type="submit" id="submitButton">
Info::
1 control(s) properly labeled
2 controls
1 labeled
0 placeholder only
1 unlabeled
ControlTypeLabelMethod
#querysearchSuche:for/id
#submitButtonsubmit(none)none

Form controls need a <label>, aria-label, or aria-labelledby for screen readers.

<input type="submit" id="submitButton">

Why this matters

Form controls without labels — assistive tech announces 'edit text' with no context; users can't complete forms.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 3.3.2

A+
Print Stylesheet
Print styles detected
PASS
Print styles detected
Info::
External print stylesheet detected
Got: /wwu/css/print.css
Print Stylesheet ✓ Print Optimized
Print stylesheet /wwu/css/print.css ✓Inline @media print Not detected ✗
A+
Color Contrast (Screenshot)
20 text elements analyzed, 0 fail WCAG AA
PASS

Analyzes text contrast against the actual rendered page, including background images, gradients, and overlays that CSS-based tools cannot detect.

20 pass
Show all checked elements (20)
ElementRatioRequiredFGBGResult
h1 Universität Münste…21.00:13.0:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
h2 Links21.00:13.0:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
h2 Die Universität Mü…21.00:13.0:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
h2 Kontakt21.00:13.0:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
h2 Top-Links21.00:13.0:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
title Universität Münste…21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a zum Inhalt21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a zur Hauptnavigation21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a zur Zielgruppennavig…21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
span Leichte Sprache21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
label Suche:21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Studium21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Organisation21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Prüfungen21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Studieren im Ausland21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Kosten und Finanzier…21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Hilfe und Beratung21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Berufliche Orientier…21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Studienmöglichkeite…21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Weiterbildung21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass

Methodology: The top 20 text elements by font size were checked. Background color was sampled from the desktop screenshot using a 5-point pattern. WCAG 2.1 AA requires 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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