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Performance

· 15 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
66
GRADE
D
FIX
5
REVIEW
3
PASS
5
INFO
2

Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates

Mobile Desktop
46
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
85
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
77
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
92
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

1.31 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

5.07 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

98 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.509

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

2.54 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

5.07 s

Page Load Progression

375 ms
750 ms
1.1 s
1.5 s
1.9 s
2.2 s
2.6 s
3.0 s
Checks
15
5 PASS 3 REVIEW 5 FIX
F
Page Weight Budget
Action
11.2 MB transferred, 119 requests
FIX
11.2 MB transferred, 119 requests
Critical::
Page weighs 19.6 MB (11.2 MB transferred)
Warning::
Images are 8.6 MB — compress or use modern formats
Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.
Got: 8.6 MB
Warning::
JavaScript is 2.1 MB — consider code splitting or lazy loading
Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
Got: 2.1 MB
Info::
CSS is 364 KB — consider purging unused styles
Remove unused CSS rules with tools like PurgeCSS to reduce stylesheet size.
Got: 364 KB
Warning::
119 HTTP requests — consider bundling or reducing
Each request adds latency. Bundle small files, use sprites, or eliminate unnecessary requests.
Info::
Estimated 2.3 g CO2 per page load
11.2 MB / 2.4 MB budget
11.2 MB transferred
119 requests
2.3 g CO2 per page load
Images 8.6 MiB 77%
JavaScript 2.1 MiB 18%
CSS 363.5 KiB 3%
Fonts 96.2 KiB 1%
HTML 71.4 KiB 1%
Other 9.2 KiB 0%
Other 4.1 KiB 0%
Other 151 B 0%
0 2.4 MB 4.9 MB
Over budget

Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.

Why this matters

Image bandwidth is high — modern formats (WebP/AVIF) and resizing typically cut it 50%+.

Source: web.dev

Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.

Why this matters

JavaScript bundle is large — code-split routes and lazy-load off-screen components to defer.

Source: web.dev

Remove unused CSS rules with tools like PurgeCSS to reduce stylesheet size.

Why this matters

CSS bundle is large — purge unused styles (PurgeCSS, Tailwind JIT) to reduce CSS payload.

Source: web.dev

Each request adds latency. Bundle small files, use sprites, or eliminate unnecessary requests.

Why this matters

High HTTP request count — bundling, sprite-ing, and HTTP/2 server push can reduce per-request overhead.

Source: web.dev

D
Third-Party Impact
Action
89% third-party, 0 ms blocking
FIX
89% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Warning::
Third-party code accounts for 89% of page weight (9.9 MiB of 11.2 MiB)
Info::
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
89%
First-party Third-party
F
JS Bundles
Action
23 scripts, 1.6 MB unused
FIX
23 scripts, 1.6 MB unused
Warning::
https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/commons.0...: 533 KB unused (58%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWh...: 177 KB unused (49%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWh...: 177 KB unused (49%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWh...: 177 KB unused (49%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWh...: 177 KB unused (49%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Info::
Total unused JavaScript: 1.6 MB
1668 KB unused JavaScript

Downloaded but never executed on this page.

ScriptSizeUnusedMinifiedParty
https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/commons.0099909af9ced2a3778d.js926 KB533 KB (58%)✓1st
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js362 KB177 KB (49%)✓3rd
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js0 KB177 KB (49%)✓3rd
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js0 KB177 KB (49%)✓3rd
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js0 KB177 KB (49%)✓3rd
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js362 KB177 KB (49%)✓3rd
https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/56.4630d38315922e95046e.js141 KB116 KB (82%)✓1st
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-NGRFMPC148 KB71 KB (48%)✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-66576513-3116 KB64 KB (56%)✓3rd
https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/styles.6f142a77d2b578e0d823.js1 KB—✓1st

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

F
Page Weight Inventory
Action
119 resources · 11.2 MB · 1.6 MB savings available
FIX
119 resources · 11.2 MB · 1.6 MB savings available
Warning::
Page weight 10.2 MB over 1MB target
Got: 11.2 MB Expected: ≤ 1 MB
Info::
~1.6 MB of savings available
Warning::
98 third-party resources (89% of weight)
Info::
27 resources over 200KB
119 resources · 11.2 MiB · 98 third-party 10.2 MiB over 1MB target
Image 77% · 8.6 MiB
JavaScript 18% · 2.1 MiB
CSS 3% · 363.5 KiB
Font 1% · 96.2 KiB
Document 1% · 71.8 KiB
Other 0% · 7.8 KiB

~1.6 MiB of savings available

Remove unused JavaScript: 1.6 MiB
F
HTTP Caching
Action
No cache headers
FIX
No cache headers
Warning::
No Cache-Control header found
Browsers will use heuristic caching, which can be unpredictable. Set explicit cache headers.
Info::
ETag present — enables conditional (304) responses

No Cache-Control header

Adding a Cache-Control header can significantly improve repeat-visit performance.

C
Image Optimization
Action
78 images, 0 KB saveable
REVIEW
78 images, 0 KB saveable
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/839/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/LIVERT/5/2/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/9/9/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/226/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/CTRYMN/4/4/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/4/2/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/9/2/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/025/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/249/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTYNG/4/3/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/5/1/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/5/3/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/COLLEG/6/7/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/024/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/COLLEG/6/4/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/338/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/cms/books/9780393337761_3... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTPRO/8/7/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/741/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://appservices.wwnorton.com/media/api/v1/asse... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://appservices.wwnorton.com/media/api/v1/asse... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/4/2/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/cms/books/9780393327649_3... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/cms/books/9780393930702_3... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/7/7/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/9/3/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/LIVERT/1/5/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/635/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/4/9/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/5/1/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTPRO/7/7/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/cms/books/9780393339741_3... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/3/1/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/0/0/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/CTRYMN/4/0/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/4/4/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/0/4/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/516/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/141/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://appservices.wwnorton.com/media/api/v1/asse... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/5/5/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/0/9/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/185/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTYNG/8/4/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/8/8/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/9/0/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/COLLEG/7/8/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/137/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/LIVERT/4/8/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTYNG/1/4/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/2/7/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/9/2/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/2/0/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/965/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/cms/books/9780393339406_3... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://appservices.wwnorton.com/media/api/v1/asse... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://appservices.wwnorton.com/media/api/v1/asse... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/7/1/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/779/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/615/img/co... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn.wwnorton.com/booktitles/10443/img/cove... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://appservices.wwnorton.com/media/api/v1/asse... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/CTRYMN/2/3/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/3/3/97... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTPRO/1/1/9... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
78 images 8.6 MB
0 oversized -0 KB
64 legacy format
65 missing dimensions CLS risk

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

C
JS Execution Cost
Action
1696ms total JS execution
REVIEW
1696ms total JS execution
Warning::
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWh...: 478ms CPU time
Warning::
https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/commons.0...: 411ms CPU time
Warning::
https://wwnorton.com/: 251ms CPU time
Info::
https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/56.4630d3...: 215ms CPU time
Info::
Unattributable: 214ms CPU time
Info::
Third-party scripts: 818ms (48% of total)

Main Thread Breakdown

Script Evaluation 53% Other 17% Script Parsing & Compilation 15% Style & Layout 7% Rendering 5%
ScriptTotalScriptingParse/CompileParty
https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js478ms354ms97ms3rd
https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/commons.0099909af9ced2a3778d.js411ms275ms96ms1st
https://wwnorton.com/251ms2ms1ms1st
https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/56.4630d38315922e95046e.js215ms178ms17ms1st
Unattributable214ms2ms0ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-66576513-375ms41ms31ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-NGRFMPC51ms38ms9ms3rd
C
Green Hosting
Action
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
REVIEW

Green Hosting

No green hosting detected

A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
Font Loading
10 fonts (96 KB)
PASS
10 fonts (96 KB)
Info::
10 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

Web fonts

10

96 KB total

Render-blocking

0

of 10

Dominant font-display

swap

Most common across fonts

Font loading timeline
Transfer FOIT (block) FOUT (swap)
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s 5.0 s FCP 1.3 s LCP 5.1 sdata:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AACokAA0AAAAAViQAACnTAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…x-font-woff2;base64,d09... data:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AACokAA0AAAAAViQAACnTAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA… — 10.5 KiB — 49 ms — font-display: swapdata:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AACp4AA0AAAAAVYAAACooAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…x-font-woff2;base64,d09... data:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AACp4AA0AAAAAVYAAACooAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA… — 10.6 KiB — 50 ms — font-display: swapdata:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AACvMAA0AAAAAVngAACt5AANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…x-font-woff2;base64,d09... data:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AACvMAA0AAAAAVngAACt5AANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA… — 10.9 KiB — 51 ms — font-display: swapdata:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AABGwAAsAAAAAHvgAABFmAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…x-font-woff2;base64,d09... data:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AABGwAAsAAAAAHvgAABFmAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA… — 4.4 KiB — 49 ms — font-display: swapdata:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AABGkAAsAAAAAHugAABFYAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…x-font-woff2;base64,d09... data:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AABGkAAsAAAAAHugAABFYAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA… — 4.4 KiB — 45 ms — font-display: swapdata:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AABFgAAsAAAAAHuAAABEVAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…x-font-woff2;base64,d09... data:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AABFgAAsAAAAAHuAAABEVAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA… — 4.3 KiB — 43 ms — font-display: swaphttps://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v48/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3yUBHMdazQ.woff2KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66a... https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v48/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3yUBHMdazQ.woff2 — 33.9 KiB — 78 ms — font-display: swaphttps://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v48/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3yUBHMdazQ.woff2KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66a... https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v48/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3yUBHMdazQ.woff2 — 0 B — 0 ms — font-display: swapdata:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AADFAAA0AAAAAczwAADDuAAEz+AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…x-font-woff2;base64,d09... data:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AADFAAA0AAAAAczwAADDuAAEz+AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA… — 12.3 KiB — 52 ms — font-display: swapdata:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AABL0AAsAAAAAIBAAABKnAAEz+AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…x-font-woff2;base64,d09... data:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AABL0AAsAAAAAIBAAABKnAAEz+AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA… — 4.7 KiB — 49 ms — font-display: swap
x-font-woff2;base64,d09... woff2 swap
Size 11 KB
Load time 49 ms
Start 905 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
x-font-woff2;base64,d09... woff2 swap
Size 11 KB
Load time 50 ms
Start 905 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
x-font-woff2;base64,d09... woff2 swap
Size 11 KB
Load time 51 ms
Start 905 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
x-font-woff2;base64,d09... woff2 swap
Size 4 KB
Load time 49 ms
Start 908 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
x-font-woff2;base64,d09... woff2 swap
Size 4 KB
Load time 45 ms
Start 912 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
x-font-woff2;base64,d09... woff2 swap
Size 4 KB
Load time 43 ms
Start 914 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66a... woff2 swap
Size 34 KB
Load time 78 ms
Start 1.4 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66a... woff2 swap
Size 0 KB
Load time 0 ms
Start 1.7 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
x-font-woff2;base64,d09... woff2 swap
Size 12 KB
Load time 52 ms
Start 2.0 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
x-font-woff2;base64,d09... woff2 swap
Size 5 KB
Load time 49 ms
Start 2.0 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
Optimization checklist
  • Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
  • Use woff2 format for all fonts
  • Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
  • Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)
A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
No optimization needed
PASS
No optimization needed
Info::
No resource hint issues
Network Waterfall
119 requests over 9482ms
INFO
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s 5.0 s 6.0 s 7.0 s 8.0 s 9.0 s FCP 1.3 s LCP 5.1 shttps://wwnorton.com// https://wwnorton.com/ — 200 — 16.0 KiB — 383 ms — h2https://cloud.typography.com/6656932/6704792/css/fonts.csscloud.typography.com/6656932/670479... https://cloud.typography.com/6656932/6704792/css/fonts.css — 302 — 479 B — 67 ms — http/1.1https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-66576513-3www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id... https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-66576513-3 — 200 — 115.9 KiB — 172 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/wNdAf0pYHJdzZ5DATm2xs/pages/index.js/_next/static/wNdAf0pYHJdzZ5DATm2xs... https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/wNdAf0pYHJdzZ5DATm2xs/pages/index.js — 200 — 2.3 KiB — 110 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/wNdAf0pYHJdzZ5DATm2xs/pages/_app.js/_next/static/wNdAf0pYHJdzZ5DATm2xs... https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/wNdAf0pYHJdzZ5DATm2xs/pages/_app.js — 200 — 7.0 KiB — 207 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/runtime/webpack-22666b046115f630bb51.js/_next/static/runtime/webpack-22666... https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/runtime/webpack-22666b046115f630bb51.js — 200 — 2.9 KiB — 113 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/commons.0099909af9ced2a3778d.js/_next/static/chunks/commons.009990... https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/commons.0099909af9ced2a3778d.js — 200 — 926.2 KiB — 502 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/styles.6f142a77d2b578e0d823.js/_next/static/chunks/styles.6f142a7... https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/styles.6f142a77d2b578e0d823.js — 200 — 726 B — 109 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/runtime/main-c784cdd9eb824ac26123.js/_next/static/runtime/main-c784cdd9... https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/runtime/main-c784cdd9eb824ac26123.js — 200 — 6.5 KiB — 111 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/css/commons.de997f85.chunk.css/_next/static/css/commons.de997f85.... https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/css/commons.de997f85.chunk.css — 200 — 45.3 KiB — 396 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/css/styles.ba36898a.chunk.css/_next/static/css/styles.ba36898a.c... https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/css/styles.ba36898a.chunk.css — 200 — 93.4 KiB — 491 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/image/website/seagull.svg/image/website/seagull.svg https://wwnorton.com/image/website/seagull.svg — 200 — 1.0 KiB — 206 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/static/assets/images/svg/social-media/facebook.svg/static/assets/images/svg/social-me... https://wwnorton.com/static/assets/images/svg/social-media/facebook.svg — 200 — 659 B — 204 ms — h2https://dsbst55b1909i.cloudfront.net/wwnorton/fonts/735007/5B444F91F49ECCCC4.cssdsbst55b1909i.cloudfront.net/wwnort... https://dsbst55b1909i.cloudfront.net/wwnorton/fonts/735007/5B444F91F49ECCCC4.css — 200 — 183.0 KiB — 97 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/static/assets/images/svg/social-media/twitter.svg/static/assets/images/svg/social-me... https://wwnorton.com/static/assets/images/svg/social-media/twitter.svg — 200 — 725 B — 230 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/static/assets/images/svg/social-media/instagram.svg/static/assets/images/svg/social-me... https://wwnorton.com/static/assets/images/svg/social-media/instagram.svg — 200 — 1.0 KiB — 230 ms — h2https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LdzKYcsAAAAADmrWhqskrQnElKAuQ0ZJCOscsIBwww.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?ren... https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LdzKYcsAAAAADmrWhqskrQnElKAuQ0ZJCOscsIB — 200 — 1.0 KiB — 56 ms — h3https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-NGRFMPCwww.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=... https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-NGRFMPC — 200 — 148.2 KiB — 69 ms — h2https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.jswww.google-analytics.com/analytics.... https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js — 200 — 20.9 KiB — 137 ms — h2https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.jswww.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/... https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/recaptcha__en.js — 200 — 362.4 KiB — 145 ms — h2data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg version='1.1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.…www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='h... data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg version='1.1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.… — 200 — 0 B — 0 ms — datadata:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AACokAA0AAAAAViQAACnTAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…data:application/x-font-woff2;base6... data:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AACokAA0AAAAAViQAACnTAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA… — 200 — 10.5 KiB — 49 ms — datadata:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AACp4AA0AAAAAVYAAACooAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…data:application/x-font-woff2;base6... data:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AACp4AA0AAAAAVYAAACooAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA… — 200 — 10.6 KiB — 50 ms — datadata:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AACvMAA0AAAAAVngAACt5AANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…data:application/x-font-woff2;base6... data:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AACvMAA0AAAAAVngAACt5AANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA… — 200 — 10.9 KiB — 51 ms — datadata:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AABGwAAsAAAAAHvgAABFmAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…data:application/x-font-woff2;base6... data:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AABGwAAsAAAAAHvgAABFmAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA… — 200 — 4.4 KiB — 49 ms — datadata:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AABGkAAsAAAAAHugAABFYAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…data:application/x-font-woff2;base6... data:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AABGkAAsAAAAAHugAABFYAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA… — 200 — 4.4 KiB — 45 ms — datadata:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AABFgAAsAAAAAHuAAABEVAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…data:application/x-font-woff2;base6... data:application/x-font-woff2;base64,d09GMk9UVE8AABFgAAsAAAAAHuAAABEVAANNDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA… — 200 — 4.3 KiB — 43 ms — datahttps://www.google.com/recaptcha/api2/anchor?ar=1&k=6LdzKYcsAAAAADmrWhqskrQnElKAuQ0ZJCOscsIB&co=aHR0cHM6Ly93d25vcnRvbi5jb206NDQz&hl=en&v=gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4&size=invisible&anchor-ms=20000&execute-ms=30000&cb=q6i13m8l7k1xwww.google.com/recaptcha/api2/ancho... https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api2/anchor?ar=1&k=6LdzKYcsAAAAADmrWhqskrQnElKAuQ0ZJCOscsIB&co=aHR0cHM6Ly93d25vcnRvbi5jb206NDQz&hl=en&v=gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4&size=invisible&anchor-ms=20000&execute-ms=30000&cb=q6i13m8l7k1x — 200 — 27.7 KiB — 86 ms — h3https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.jscdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/o... https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js — -1 — 0 B — 277 ms — https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/styles__ltr.csswww.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/... https://www.gstatic.com/recaptcha/releases/gTpTIWhbKpxADzTzkcabhXN4/styles__ltr.css — 200 — 41.7 KiB — 158 ms — h2
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s 5.0 s 6.0 s 7.0 s 8.0 s 9.0 s FCP 1.3 s LCP 5.1 shttps://wwnorton.com// https://wwnorton.com/ — 200 — 16.0 KiB — 383 ms — h2https://cloud.typography.com/6656932/6704792/css/fonts.csscloud.typography.com/6656932/670479... https://cloud.typography.com/6656932/6704792/css/fonts.css — 302 — 479 B — 67 ms — http/1.1https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-66576513-3www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id... https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-66576513-3 — 200 — 115.9 KiB — 172 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/wNdAf0pYHJdzZ5DATm2xs/pages/index.js/_next/static/wNdAf0pYHJdzZ5DATm2xs... https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/wNdAf0pYHJdzZ5DATm2xs/pages/index.js — 200 — 2.3 KiB — 110 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/wNdAf0pYHJdzZ5DATm2xs/pages/_app.js/_next/static/wNdAf0pYHJdzZ5DATm2xs... https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/wNdAf0pYHJdzZ5DATm2xs/pages/_app.js — 200 — 7.0 KiB — 207 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/runtime/webpack-22666b046115f630bb51.js/_next/static/runtime/webpack-22666... https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/runtime/webpack-22666b046115f630bb51.js — 200 — 2.9 KiB — 113 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/commons.0099909af9ced2a3778d.js/_next/static/chunks/commons.009990... https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/commons.0099909af9ced2a3778d.js — 200 — 926.2 KiB — 502 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/styles.6f142a77d2b578e0d823.js/_next/static/chunks/styles.6f142a7... https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/chunks/styles.6f142a77d2b578e0d823.js — 200 — 726 B — 109 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/runtime/main-c784cdd9eb824ac26123.js/_next/static/runtime/main-c784cdd9... https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/runtime/main-c784cdd9eb824ac26123.js — 200 — 6.5 KiB — 111 ms — h2https://wwnorton.com/_next/static/css/commons.de997f85.chunk.css/_next/static/css/commons.de997f85.... 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h2https://diqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/5cf68354f9543f0017537085.svg?Expires=1776904458&Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kaXFwNDNmbTB3NnpzLmNsb3VkZnJvbnQubmV0L2ltYWdlLzVjZjY4MzU0Zjk1NDNmMDAxNzUzNzA4NS5zdmciLCJDb25kaXRpb24iOnsiRGF0ZUxlc3NUaGFuIjp7IkFXUzpFcG9jaFRpbWUiOjE3NzY5MDQ0NTh9fX1dfQ__&Signature=DihDsQYfkSHHwhX04u1xNWiSGk-yszztxb8Ef9DUpoTRvAqs1NVd4n~VDWshCfYL3ngfOQsRniPJhAKQCCkIJmu7UmFU6kH~bdbxqKcbN7O73PqQVlST0omPfcarzFJ4NWpEqxyWXPttgmAxxkUqK1vRiQnnjau5Ae~BHCcd7nHUvvfuuxThmtnshcb5djjzguCpLBLopku2Vv6nIrPJKgvjmw-P4XRw~FTWeUr6B7A4SIxm0-S6SRQ2qL4lcQPlUUh9tzsgQmVP1soqjNG6o-PvkEEgflJpZi75Q5mt0mWWz9vtZwE6dDb133hkkCP8SxwfLrMtAHl0ScS-Dt5uuQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIEJPDB7FXILNLF2Adiqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/... https://diqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/5cf68354f9543f0017537085.svg?Expires=1776904458&Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kaXFwNDNmbTB3NnpzLmNsb3VkZnJvbnQubmV0L2ltYWdlLzVjZjY4MzU0Zjk1NDNmMDAxNzUzNzA4NS5zdmciLCJDb25kaXRpb24iOnsiRGF0ZUxlc3NUaGFuIjp7IkFXUzpFcG9jaFRpbWUiOjE3NzY5MDQ0NTh9fX1dfQ__&Signature=DihDsQYfkSHHwhX04u1xNWiSGk-yszztxb8Ef9DUpoTRvAqs1NVd4n~VDWshCfYL3ngfOQsRniPJhAKQCCkIJmu7UmFU6kH~bdbxqKcbN7O73PqQVlST0omPfcarzFJ4NWpEqxyWXPttgmAxxkUqK1vRiQnnjau5Ae~BHCcd7nHUvvfuuxThmtnshcb5djjzguCpLBLopku2Vv6nIrPJKgvjmw-P4XRw~FTWeUr6B7A4SIxm0-S6SRQ2qL4lcQPlUUh9tzsgQmVP1soqjNG6o-PvkEEgflJpZi75Q5mt0mWWz9vtZwE6dDb133hkkCP8SxwfLrMtAHl0ScS-Dt5uuQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIEJPDB7FXILNLF2A — 200 — 1.2 KiB — 122 ms — h2https://diqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/5d0297abf9543f00175370ab.svg?Expires=1776904458&Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kaXFwNDNmbTB3NnpzLmNsb3VkZnJvbnQubmV0L2ltYWdlLzVkMDI5N2FiZjk1NDNmMDAxNzUzNzBhYi5zdmciLCJDb25kaXRpb24iOnsiRGF0ZUxlc3NUaGFuIjp7IkFXUzpFcG9jaFRpbWUiOjE3NzY5MDQ0NTh9fX1dfQ__&Signature=AczfATkdCuARrBceJEB9VnI7ZajtKfK7SPoPKFKEpYEuOj94al2BXIYxw82pCd~f7zjAM4umU3WPUcJ3i~LF74vtheiIGM-UU-x2w2FuaHsSaw-L8B9ddgo0DfZIysf9EoW-DjSf835B6kmEo3CT-zr~1zfkgYGf5cNYvSa4drst4cr8q4qKsLDwb540tXzI9r0Ji-eraP8MwmHE5P82FStBOKTjNDPqbKMvHjtYyk~MEc7m5b6M1wnbvZc59oCPO6W351BOXlICLKMsG5X-EzWfoq7EsSdFTURDMwj3K5FxWfQoyHUAQNq4ZzG5rY7NNedymNisFs84xJZ7xrdSwA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIEJPDB7FXILNLF2Adiqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/... https://diqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/5d0297abf9543f00175370ab.svg?Expires=1776904458&Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kaXFwNDNmbTB3NnpzLmNsb3VkZnJvbnQubmV0L2ltYWdlLzVkMDI5N2FiZjk1NDNmMDAxNzUzNzBhYi5zdmciLCJDb25kaXRpb24iOnsiRGF0ZUxlc3NUaGFuIjp7IkFXUzpFcG9jaFRpbWUiOjE3NzY5MDQ0NTh9fX1dfQ__&Signature=AczfATkdCuARrBceJEB9VnI7ZajtKfK7SPoPKFKEpYEuOj94al2BXIYxw82pCd~f7zjAM4umU3WPUcJ3i~LF74vtheiIGM-UU-x2w2FuaHsSaw-L8B9ddgo0DfZIysf9EoW-DjSf835B6kmEo3CT-zr~1zfkgYGf5cNYvSa4drst4cr8q4qKsLDwb540tXzI9r0Ji-eraP8MwmHE5P82FStBOKTjNDPqbKMvHjtYyk~MEc7m5b6M1wnbvZc59oCPO6W351BOXlICLKMsG5X-EzWfoq7EsSdFTURDMwj3K5FxWfQoyHUAQNq4ZzG5rY7NNedymNisFs84xJZ7xrdSwA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIEJPDB7FXILNLF2A — 200 — 2.4 KiB — 111 ms — h2https://diqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/623c89a6635fa1001991e160.svg?Expires=1776904458&Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kaXFwNDNmbTB3NnpzLmNsb3VkZnJvbnQubmV0L2ltYWdlLzYyM2M4OWE2NjM1ZmExMDAxOTkxZTE2MC5zdmciLCJDb25kaXRpb24iOnsiRGF0ZUxlc3NUaGFuIjp7IkFXUzpFcG9jaFRpbWUiOjE3NzY5MDQ0NTh9fX1dfQ__&Signature=BQ6qm5NKjLmTtS7OS8~zhAKkeZD6lncqLYh5fM6zexI3Haj7jqF7BNROER5W7PYWyzwPP7-somnjSXmU5mHPoXHMqk9MyJYg68Pa2OTD9pDaydLfmOLTTdW5FeukvvM51J1VBkONleMutNzJvDPfYMv5b7WB00R5Ui5LYbllPn~ol0GzGZbef7bm577bg5Z0sIMkKW4o8vGva0AG14D6L0cO1CbbKNXk3q2lrCZknI4W4r5wV~Qknpre2y0DRHsdIEmsYu5H4SLB6KaoimPC2Jv8wBUd2egpaS5zXqi-ZSbqJKsuZHYAc38SxxOsDPLnIBIIwJVdKXwxjv8PsGjKfA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIEJPDB7FXILNLF2Adiqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/... https://diqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/623c89a6635fa1001991e160.svg?Expires=1776904458&Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kaXFwNDNmbTB3NnpzLmNsb3VkZnJvbnQubmV0L2ltYWdlLzYyM2M4OWE2NjM1ZmExMDAxOTkxZTE2MC5zdmciLCJDb25kaXRpb24iOnsiRGF0ZUxlc3NUaGFuIjp7IkFXUzpFcG9jaFRpbWUiOjE3NzY5MDQ0NTh9fX1dfQ__&Signature=BQ6qm5NKjLmTtS7OS8~zhAKkeZD6lncqLYh5fM6zexI3Haj7jqF7BNROER5W7PYWyzwPP7-somnjSXmU5mHPoXHMqk9MyJYg68Pa2OTD9pDaydLfmOLTTdW5FeukvvM51J1VBkONleMutNzJvDPfYMv5b7WB00R5Ui5LYbllPn~ol0GzGZbef7bm577bg5Z0sIMkKW4o8vGva0AG14D6L0cO1CbbKNXk3q2lrCZknI4W4r5wV~Qknpre2y0DRHsdIEmsYu5H4SLB6KaoimPC2Jv8wBUd2egpaS5zXqi-ZSbqJKsuZHYAc38SxxOsDPLnIBIIwJVdKXwxjv8PsGjKfA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIEJPDB7FXILNLF2A — 200 — 9.4 KiB — 108 ms — h2https://diqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/66db6d6ea291741ceb64ae90.svg?Expires=1776904458&Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kaXFwNDNmbTB3NnpzLmNsb3VkZnJvbnQubmV0L2ltYWdlLzY2ZGI2ZDZlYTI5MTc0MWNlYjY0YWU5MC5zdmciLCJDb25kaXRpb24iOnsiRGF0ZUxlc3NUaGFuIjp7IkFXUzpFcG9jaFRpbWUiOjE3NzY5MDQ0NTh9fX1dfQ__&Signature=Pmuq~-PvBFrXQGao8OrMwVP7NUllMlxCN9aDgOrvFXTQv98UTJRvjIPx-8Enmog0vWDyIgZfkThwihB6SUEB7bEFxZ8i9uk30ri~dp7qdgPoH0cNqpUuylt7LsFbd0pMLTlBCEPi5QXNnOBk5nwFGhMNI2qNuipfQVfZpqcYJ~2By8PHYm8fOItBY8IO0QHaWwg1XfMrcWZozZSFNgwdFK0cX9~3zT7NGiTjIDgXbmG4wfG~N-AdqlHlJ5KfZop7gNtcSYkNdiRGetRZJj1Rlf2UXNRmY0KYARAYFF1y0oeJ9oF7ErcPsYXKo6-Vo~V7Ji7K1blpCWyWd1xzHErRiA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIEJPDB7FXILNLF2Adiqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/... https://diqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/66db6d6ea291741ceb64ae90.svg?Expires=1776904458&Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kaXFwNDNmbTB3NnpzLmNsb3VkZnJvbnQubmV0L2ltYWdlLzY2ZGI2ZDZlYTI5MTc0MWNlYjY0YWU5MC5zdmciLCJDb25kaXRpb24iOnsiRGF0ZUxlc3NUaGFuIjp7IkFXUzpFcG9jaFRpbWUiOjE3NzY5MDQ0NTh9fX1dfQ__&Signature=Pmuq~-PvBFrXQGao8OrMwVP7NUllMlxCN9aDgOrvFXTQv98UTJRvjIPx-8Enmog0vWDyIgZfkThwihB6SUEB7bEFxZ8i9uk30ri~dp7qdgPoH0cNqpUuylt7LsFbd0pMLTlBCEPi5QXNnOBk5nwFGhMNI2qNuipfQVfZpqcYJ~2By8PHYm8fOItBY8IO0QHaWwg1XfMrcWZozZSFNgwdFK0cX9~3zT7NGiTjIDgXbmG4wfG~N-AdqlHlJ5KfZop7gNtcSYkNdiRGetRZJj1Rlf2UXNRmY0KYARAYFF1y0oeJ9oF7ErcPsYXKo6-Vo~V7Ji7K1blpCWyWd1xzHErRiA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIEJPDB7FXILNLF2A — 200 — 1.7 KiB — 106 ms — h2https://diqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/5cbe250cdf0b680018605f4f.png?Expires=1776904458&Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kaXFwNDNmbTB3NnpzLmNsb3VkZnJvbnQubmV0L2ltYWdlLzVjYmUyNTBjZGYwYjY4MDAxODYwNWY0Zi5wbmciLCJDb25kaXRpb24iOnsiRGF0ZUxlc3NUaGFuIjp7IkFXUzpFcG9jaFRpbWUiOjE3NzY5MDQ0NTh9fX1dfQ__&Signature=HmZ0wdQ3OwadDlugFpbZwUyZb4mjepKCCn7YJGyiMelk33nkxPfUqkRIZZnnzClLNHhTH2Mc1Zc~apE3EROW4mUBkASN8z2Z1ktovJZ005G9oCzsLgAAa0IVTze4-Ym2LGXwAM0AauoqEB67L350FVe30rdS-l3~kG6dzLYEXWoHX7w5D5r0RkEVgoXhukSlZVhlyes3EgSZan954ZSOtsxc3KjDYLkXcKoeT~WJ2PTaNrtoO6bZreBze56n~eeXoToprzrl9sQwUgXWZ4OeE9W7G6PLshVsdQSMFHJMY8ydAv3a700IfRCi9mLbXu~ADYGnUn-6qZubCHGTIVVG3g__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIEJPDB7FXILNLF2Adiqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/... https://diqp43fm0w6zs.cloudfront.net/image/5cbe250cdf0b680018605f4f.png?Expires=1776904458&Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kaXFwNDNmbTB3NnpzLmNsb3VkZnJvbnQubmV0L2ltYWdlLzVjYmUyNTBjZGYwYjY4MDAxODYwNWY0Zi5wbmciLCJDb25kaXRpb24iOnsiRGF0ZUxlc3NUaGFuIjp7IkFXUzpFcG9jaFRpbWUiOjE3NzY5MDQ0NTh9fX1dfQ__&Signature=HmZ0wdQ3OwadDlugFpbZwUyZb4mjepKCCn7YJGyiMelk33nkxPfUqkRIZZnnzClLNHhTH2Mc1Zc~apE3EROW4mUBkASN8z2Z1ktovJZ005G9oCzsLgAAa0IVTze4-Ym2LGXwAM0AauoqEB67L350FVe30rdS-l3~kG6dzLYEXWoHX7w5D5r0RkEVgoXhukSlZVhlyes3EgSZan954ZSOtsxc3KjDYLkXcKoeT~WJ2PTaNrtoO6bZreBze56n~eeXoToprzrl9sQwUgXWZ4OeE9W7G6PLshVsdQSMFHJMY8ydAv3a700IfRCi9mLbXu~ADYGnUn-6qZubCHGTIVVG3g__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIEJPDB7FXILNLF2A — 200 — 5.7 KiB — 102 ms — h2https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTPRO/7/7/9781324053477/9781324053477_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTPR... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTPRO/7/7/9781324053477/9781324053477_300.jpg — 200 — 64.4 KiB — 20 ms — h2https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/024/img/cover/9780393355420_300.jpegcdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/024... https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/024/img/cover/9780393355420_300.jpeg — 200 — 32.4 KiB — 24 ms — h3https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/7/1/9781324105817/9781324105817_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/7/1/9781324105817/9781324105817_300.jpg — 200 — 256.6 KiB — 25 ms — h2https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/5/1/9781324124115/9781324124115_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/5/1/9781324124115/9781324124115_300.jpg — 200 — 256.6 KiB — 24 ms — h2https://cdn.wwnorton.com/cms/books/9780393339741_300.jpgcdn.wwnorton.com/cms/books/97803933... https://cdn.wwnorton.com/cms/books/9780393339741_300.jpg — 200 — 8.0 KiB — 24 ms — h3https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/3/1/9780393337013/9780393337013_300.jpegcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/3/1/9780393337013/9780393337013_300.jpeg — 200 — 128.5 KiB — 21 ms — h2https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/COLLEG/6/4/9781324115946/9781324115946_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/COLLE... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/COLLEG/6/4/9781324115946/9781324115946_300.jpg — 200 — 256.6 KiB — 26 ms — h2https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/185/img/cover/9781631494581_300.jpegcdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/185... https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/185/img/cover/9781631494581_300.jpeg — 200 — 32.4 KiB — 23 ms — h3https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/3/3/9780393347333/9780393347333_300.jpegcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/3/3/9780393347333/9780393347333_300.jpeg — 200 — 64.4 KiB — 21 ms — h2https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/LIVERT/5/2/9781324097525/9781324097525_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/LIVER... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/LIVERT/5/2/9781324097525/9781324097525_300.jpg — 200 — 256.6 KiB — 24 ms — h2https://cdn.wwnorton.com/booktitles/10443/img/cover/9780393352733_300.jpgcdn.wwnorton.com/booktitles/10443/i... https://cdn.wwnorton.com/booktitles/10443/img/cover/9780393352733_300.jpg — 200 — 95.6 KiB — 31 ms — h3https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/9/9/9780393341799/9780393341799_300.jpegcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/9/9/9780393341799/9780393341799_300.jpeg — 200 — 128.5 KiB — 21 ms — h2https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTYNG/8/4/9781324083948/9781324083948_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTYN... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTYNG/8/4/9781324083948/9781324083948_300.jpg — 200 — 64.4 KiB — 20 ms — h2https://cdn.wwnorton.com/cms/books/9780393327649_300.jpgcdn.wwnorton.com/cms/books/97803933... https://cdn.wwnorton.com/cms/books/9780393327649_300.jpg — 200 — 25.5 KiB — 22 ms — h3https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/8/8/9780393541588/9780393541588_300.jpegcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/8/8/9780393541588/9780393541588_300.jpeg — 200 — 256.6 KiB — 24 ms — h2https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/CTRYMN/4/0/9781682688304/9781682688304_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/CTRYM... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/CTRYMN/4/0/9781682688304/9781682688304_300.jpg — 200 — 128.5 KiB — 22 ms — h2https://cdn.wwnorton.com/cms/books/9780393930702_300.jpgcdn.wwnorton.com/cms/books/97803939... https://cdn.wwnorton.com/cms/books/9780393930702_300.jpg — 200 — 22.6 KiB — 23 ms — h3https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/9/0/9781324020509/9781324020509_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/9/0/9781324020509/9781324020509_300.jpg — 200 — 64.4 KiB — 22 ms — 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h2https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/779/img/cover/9781631495977_300.jpegcdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/779... https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/779/img/cover/9781631495977_300.jpeg — 200 — 128.5 KiB — 25 ms — h3https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/0/4/9780393333640/9780393333640_300.jpegcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/0/4/9780393333640/9780393333640_300.jpeg — 200 — 256.6 KiB — 29 ms — h2https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/COLLEG/7/8/9781324103387/9781324103387_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/COLLE... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/COLLEG/7/8/9781324103387/9781324103387_300.jpg — 200 — 128.5 KiB — 21 ms — h2https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/137/img/cover/9780393356731_300.jpegcdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/137... https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/137/img/cover/9780393356731_300.jpeg — 200 — 64.4 KiB — 24 ms — h3https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/5/3/9781324035435/9781324035435_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/5/3/9781324035435/9781324035435_300.jpg — 200 — 256.6 KiB — 26 ms — h2https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/LIVERT/4/8/9781631496684/9781631496684_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/LIVER... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/LIVERT/4/8/9781631496684/9781631496684_300.jpg — 200 — 256.6 KiB — 24 ms — h2https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/615/img/cover/9780393328516_300.jpegcdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/615... https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/615/img/cover/9780393328516_300.jpeg — 200 — 256.5 KiB — 33 ms — h3https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/2/0/9780393868302/9780393868302_300.jpegcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/2/0/9780393868302/9780393868302_300.jpeg — 200 — 256.6 KiB — 30 ms — h2https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTYNG/1/4/9781324053941/9781324053941_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTYN... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTYNG/1/4/9781324053941/9781324053941_300.jpg — 200 — 256.6 KiB — 25 ms — h2https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/741/img/cover/9780393652147_300.jpegcdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/741... https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/741/img/cover/9780393652147_300.jpeg — 200 — 64.4 KiB — 23 ms — h3https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/9/2/9781324116929/9781324116929_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/TRADE/9/2/9781324116929/9781324116929_300.jpg — 200 — 256.6 KiB — 25 ms — h2https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/CTRYMN/4/4/9781324112044/9781324112044_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/CTRYM... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/CTRYMN/4/4/9781324112044/9781324112044_300.jpg — 200 — 128.5 KiB — 24 ms — h2https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/965/img/cover/9780393083569_300.jpegcdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/965... https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/965/img/cover/9780393083569_300.jpeg — 200 — 64.4 KiB — 22 ms — h3https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTPRO/1/1/9781324083511/9781324083511_300.jpgcdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTPR... https://cdn2.wwnorton.com/wwnproducts/NRTPRO/1/1/9781324083511/9781324083511_300.jpg — 200 — 128.5 KiB — 21 ms — h2https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/025/img/cover/9780393358520_300.jpegcdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/025... https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/025/img/cover/9780393358520_300.jpeg — 200 — 256.5 KiB — 30 ms — h3https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/516/img/cover/9781324004615_300.jpegcdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/516... https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/516/img/cover/9781324004615_300.jpeg — 200 — 256.5 KiB — 27 ms — h3https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/338/img/cover/9781631494833_300.jpegcdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/338... https://cdn.wwnorton.com/dam_booktitles/338/img/cover/9781631494833_300.jpeg — 200 — 64.4 KiB — 22 ms — h3
HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
48% of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party 818ms · 264KB · $11/mo
www.gstatic.com
Other
Costly
Execution 478ms
Transfer 0 KB
Unused 49%
Monthly Cost $6/mo
Unattributable
Other
Costly
Execution 214ms
Transfer 0 KB
Monthly Cost $3/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 75ms
Transfer 116 KB
Unused 56%
Monthly Cost $1/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 51ms
Transfer 148 KB
Unused 48%
Monthly Cost $1/mo

These scripts may cost more than they're worth

  • www.gstatic.com adds 478ms and costs ~$6/month
  • Unattributable adds 214ms and costs ~$3/month

48% of JavaScript execution time comes from third-party scripts.

Why this matters

Third-party scripts (analytics, ads, social, A/B testing) often dominate execution time — every one is a perf-and-privacy tax.

Learn more ▾

Each third-party script is a black box: you don't control when it loads, what it executes, or how much it grows. They often account for a major share of total blocking time on average sites (HTTP Archive's Web Almanac documents the trend). Audit which ones you actually need, defer the rest, and use facade patterns (lite-youtube, lite-vimeo) for embedded media.

Source: web.dev / HTTP Archive Web Almanac

www.gstatic.com takes 478ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

Unattributable takes 214ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

56% of Google Tag Manager's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.

Why this matters

Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.

Source: web.dev

How third-party costs are calculated

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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