Browsers will use heuristic caching, which can be unpredictable. Set explicit cache headers.
No Cache-Control header
Adding a Cache-Control header can significantly improve repeat-visit performance.
C
Image Optimization
Action
50 images, 0 KB saveable
REVIEW
50 images, 0 KB saveable
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/041726Hit... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/fuller_BC... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2025/07/CLWPART3.... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/sotu_TW_0... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/House_Eth... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/kites_052... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/virginia_... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/VAPOL26_B... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/Cherfilus... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/Cherfilus... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/Arctic_Fr... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/scotus_BC... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/graham_49... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/worker_30... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/thune_BC_... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2025/12/2026Congr... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/hud_heari... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/offerman_... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/iran_dems... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/irs_budge... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/indycar_3... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/warsh_sen... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/mejia_joh... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/carbajal_... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/GettyImag... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/02/ATR-Elect... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/sotu_TW_1... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/rfk_BC_04... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/rock_mara... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/Rose_John... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/03/VV-Promo-... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/FactbaseH... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/scotus_BC... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/graham_BC... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/02/State-of-... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2020/03/rc_121625... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/GettyImag... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/ftc_senat... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/GettyImag... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/mckinley_... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
!
https://rollcall.com/app/uploads/2026/04/scotus_BC... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
50images12.1 MB
0oversized-0 KB
50legacy format
41missing dimensionsCLS risk
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Why this matters
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
C
Green Hosting
Action
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
REVIEW
Green Hosting
No green hosting detected
A+
Third-Party Impact
13% third-party, 0 ms blocking
PASS
13% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Info::
i
Third-party code accounts for 13% of page weight (1.9 MiB of 14.4 MiB)
Info::
✓
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
87%
First-party Third-party
A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
✓
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
Font Loading
5 fonts (203 KB)
PASS
5 fonts (203 KB)
Info::
i
5 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)
Web fonts
5
203 KB total
Render-blocking
0
of 5
Dominant font-display
swap
Most common across fonts
Font loading timeline
TransferFOIT (block)FOUT (swap)
Graphik-Bold.085031.woff2woff2swap
Size36 KB
Load time805 ms
Start2.7 s
RiskFOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
LyonText-Semibold.5d606...woff2swap
Size60 KB
Load time808 ms
Start2.7 s
RiskFOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
Graphik-Semibold.f9277a...woff2swap
Size37 KB
Load time808 ms
Start2.7 s
RiskFOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
Graphik-Regular.42a9b7....woff2swap
Size34 KB
Load time808 ms
Start2.7 s
RiskFOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
Graphik-Medium.2b31c0.w...woff2swap
Size36 KB
Load time808 ms
Start2.7 s
RiskFOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
Optimization checklist
Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
Use woff2 format for all fonts
Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)
A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
✓
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
✓
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
11 hints, 0 missing preconnects
PASS
11 hints, 0 missing preconnects
Info::
✓
Page uses 11 resource hint(s)
Current Resource Hints
preconnect
2
preload—
dns-prefetch
9
prefetch—
11 resource hints configured
A+
Render-Blocking Resources
No render-blocking resources detected
PASS
No render-blocking resources detected
Info::
✓
No render-blocking resources detected in <head>
A+
Third-Party Resources
No third-party resources detected
PASS
No third-party resources detected
Network Waterfall
154 requests over 7189ms
INFO
HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
86%of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party5480ms · 1524KB · $22/mo
Script
Category
Execution
Transfer
Unused
Monthly Cost
Verdict
Unattributable
Unattributable
Other
1518ms
0 KB
—
$6/mo
Costly
Google Tag Manager
www.googletagmanager.com
Tag Manager
718ms
159 KB
37%
$3/mo
Costly
c.amazon-adsystem.com
c.amazon-adsystem.com
Other
623ms
0 KB
58%
$2/mo
Costly
hb-rollcall.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com
hb-rollcall.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com
Other
501ms
134 KB
66%
$2/mo
Costly
assets.bounceexchange.com
assets.bounceexchange.com
Other
462ms
116 KB
59%
$2/mo
Costly
scripts.webcontentassessor.com
scripts.webcontentassessor.com
Other
273ms
121 KB
—
$1/mo
Costly
securepubads.g.doubleclick.net
securepubads.g.doubleclick.net
Other
260ms
600 KB
76%
$1/mo
Costly
cds.connatix.com
cds.connatix.com
Other
239ms
139 KB
68%
$1/mo
Costly
api.bounceexchange.com
api.bounceexchange.com
Other
197ms
1 KB
—
$1/mo
Optional
assets.bounceexchange.com
assets.bounceexchange.com
Other
177ms
16 KB
—
$1/mo
Optional
assets.bounceexchange.com
assets.bounceexchange.com
Other
134ms
42 KB
74%
$1/mo
Optional
securepubads.g.doubleclick.net
securepubads.g.doubleclick.net
Other
107ms
34 KB
—
$0/mo
Optional
cdn.id5-sync.com
cdn.id5-sync.com
Other
91ms
30 KB
—
$0/mo
Optional
media-cdn.factba.se
media-cdn.factba.se
Other
65ms
95 KB
—
$0/mo
Optional
writingfort.com
writingfort.com
Other
63ms
36 KB
—
$0/mo
Optional
config.aps.amazon-adsystem.com
config.aps.amazon-adsystem.com
Other
54ms
1 KB
—
$0/mo
Optional
Unattributable
Other
Costly
Execution1518ms
Transfer0 KB
Monthly Cost$6/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Costly
Execution718ms
Transfer159 KB
Unused37%
Monthly Cost$3/mo
c.amazon-adsystem.com
Other
Costly
Execution623ms
Transfer0 KB
Unused58%
Monthly Cost$2/mo
hb-rollcall.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com
Other
Costly
Execution501ms
Transfer134 KB
Unused66%
Monthly Cost$2/mo
assets.bounceexchange.com
Other
Costly
Execution462ms
Transfer116 KB
Unused59%
Monthly Cost$2/mo
scripts.webcontentassessor.com
Other
Costly
Execution273ms
Transfer121 KB
Monthly Cost$1/mo
securepubads.g.doubleclick.net
Other
Costly
Execution260ms
Transfer600 KB
Unused76%
Monthly Cost$1/mo
cds.connatix.com
Other
Costly
Execution239ms
Transfer139 KB
Unused68%
Monthly Cost$1/mo
api.bounceexchange.com
Other
Optional
Execution197ms
Transfer1 KB
Monthly Cost$1/mo
assets.bounceexchange.com
Other
Optional
Execution177ms
Transfer16 KB
Monthly Cost$1/mo
assets.bounceexchange.com
Other
Optional
Execution134ms
Transfer42 KB
Unused74%
Monthly Cost$1/mo
securepubads.g.doubleclick.net
Other
Optional
Execution107ms
Transfer34 KB
Monthly Cost$0/mo
cdn.id5-sync.com
Other
Optional
Execution91ms
Transfer30 KB
Monthly Cost$0/mo
media-cdn.factba.se
Other
Optional
Execution65ms
Transfer95 KB
Monthly Cost$0/mo
writingfort.com
Other
Optional
Execution63ms
Transfer36 KB
Monthly Cost$0/mo
config.aps.amazon-adsystem.com
Other
Optional
Execution54ms
Transfer1 KB
Monthly Cost$0/mo
These scripts may cost more than they're worth
Unattributable adds 1518ms and costs ~$6/month
Google Tag Manager adds 718ms and costs ~$3/month
c.amazon-adsystem.com adds 623ms and costs ~$2/month
hb-rollcall.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com adds 501ms and costs ~$2/month
assets.bounceexchange.com adds 462ms and costs ~$2/month
scripts.webcontentassessor.com adds 273ms and costs ~$1/month
securepubads.g.doubleclick.net adds 260ms and costs ~$1/month
cds.connatix.com adds 239ms and costs ~$1/month
86% of JavaScript execution time is spent on third-party scripts. Consider auditing which scripts are essential.
Why this matters
When third-party JS execution time exceeds your own, performance gains from frontend work are capped by code you don't own.
Learn more ▾▴
Every millisecond of third-party JS competes with your own for main-thread time. If their share is bigger than yours, optimization on your code base barely moves the needle. Audit, defer, or remove third-parties before further frontend optimization. Use Lighthouse's third-party audit to identify the worst offenders.
Source: web.dev
Unattributable takes 1518ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.
Why this matters
This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.
Source: web.dev
Google Tag Manager takes 718ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.
Why this matters
This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.
Source: web.dev
c.amazon-adsystem.com takes 623ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.
Why this matters
This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.
Source: web.dev
58% of c.amazon-adsystem.com's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.
Why this matters
Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.
Source: web.dev
hb-rollcall.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com takes 501ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.
Why this matters
This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.
Source: web.dev
66% of hb-rollcall.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.
Why this matters
Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.
Source: web.dev
assets.bounceexchange.com takes 462ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.
Why this matters
This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.
Source: web.dev
59% of assets.bounceexchange.com's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.
Why this matters
Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.
Source: web.dev
scripts.webcontentassessor.com takes 273ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.
Why this matters
This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.
Source: web.dev
securepubads.g.doubleclick.net takes 260ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.
Why this matters
This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.
Source: web.dev
76% of securepubads.g.doubleclick.net's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.
Why this matters
Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.
Source: web.dev
cds.connatix.com takes 239ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.
Why this matters
This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.
Source: web.dev
68% of cds.connatix.com's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.
Why this matters
Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.
Source: web.dev
74% of assets.bounceexchange.com's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.
Why this matters
Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.