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https://brookings.edu

Infrastructure

· 9 checks — DNS, redirects, IPv6, crawlability, URL variants, and domain intelligence rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
78
GRADE
C
FIX
2
REVIEW
3
PASS
4
INFO
0
Probed from New York, United Stated
302 Found
Checks
9
4 PASS 3 REVIEW 2 FIX
D
URL Variants
Action
www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS
FIX
www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS
Critical::
Both www and non-www versions serve content
Got: Both variants return 200 Expected: One variant 301-redirects to the other
Critical::
HTTP version does not redirect to HTTPS
Got: HTTP 302 Expected: 301 redirect to HTTPS

www / non-www

200https://www.brookings.edu/
200https://brookings.edu/

Inconsistent — duplicate content risk

HTTP → HTTPS

302http://brookings.edu/ → http://www.brookings.edu/

HTTP version does not redirect to HTTPS

D
CDN & Delivery
Action
No CDN detected
FIX
No CDN detected
Warning::
No CDN detected
A CDN can significantly improve load times for users around the world by caching content at edge nodes closer to them.
No CDN detected

Consider using a CDN to improve global delivery speed and reduce origin load.

B
Redirect Chain
2 redirect(s), 188 ms total
REVIEW
2 redirect(s), 188 ms total
Warning::
2 redirects before reaching final URL
Each redirect adds latency. Try to minimize the chain to 1 hop.
Info::
HTTP to HTTPS redirect present
Info::
WWW normalization redirect
Warning::
2-hop chain could be reduced to 1 hop
Redirect directly from https://brookings.edu to https://www.brookings.edu/
Info::
Uses 302 (temporary) redirect
If permanent, use 301 instead.
Got: https://brookings.edu

https://brookings.edu

75 ms · HTTP/1.1

302

http://www.brookings.edu/

73 ms · HTTP/1.1

301

https://www.brookings.edu/

40 ms · HTTP/1.1 FINAL

#URLStatusTimeProtocolServer
1https://brookings.edu30275 msHTTP/1.1Microsoft-IIS/10.0
2http://www.brookings.edu/30173 msHTTP/1.1cloudflare
3https://www.brookings.edu/20040 msHTTP/1.1cloudflare

See the visual redirect chain in the HTTP Probe tab →

Each redirect adds latency. Try to minimize the chain to 1 hop.

Why this matters

Redirect chain — each hop adds latency; combine into one redirect where possible.

Source: Google Search Central / web.dev

Redirect directly from https://brookings.edu to https://www.brookings.edu/

Why this matters

Redirect chain could be flattened to one hop — server config tweak removes intermediate latency.

Source: web.dev

If permanent, use 301 instead.

Why this matters

302 (Found) is for genuinely temporary redirects — if this redirect is permanent, switch to 301 to preserve SEO equity.

Learn more ▾

Search engines treat 302 as temporary, keeping the original URL indexed and not transferring full link equity to the destination. Use 301 (Moved Permanently) for permanent redirects (HTTP→HTTPS, www-vs-non-www, URL restructures).

Source: Google Search Central

C
IPv6 Readiness
Action
No IPv6 support
REVIEW
No IPv6 support
Info::
No IPv6 (AAAA) records found
IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.
No IPv6 Support
About 40% of internet users have IPv6. Consider adding AAAA records.

IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.

Why this matters

No AAAA records — same impact as 'no IPv6 (AAAA) records'; IPv6-preferring clients pay extra latency falling back to IPv4.

Source: Google IPv6 stats

B
TLS Certificate Expiry & Recommendations
124 days until leaf cert expires — 3 issues to address
REVIEW

Certificate validity

124
days left
0d 30d 60d 90d+

Recommended actions

  • Enable HSTS: Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
  • Enable DNSSEC on your domain for DNS spoofing protection
  • Enable OCSP stapling on your TLS server to remove a CA roundtrip and protect user privacy
A+
DNS Records
1 A records, 120 ms lookup
PASS
1 A records, 120 ms lookup
Info::
Resolves to 1 IPv4 address(es)
Got: 137.135.107.235
Info::
Single A record — no DNS redundancy
Multiple A records provide failover if one server goes down.
Info::
No IPv6 (AAAA) records
Info::
4 nameserver(s) configured
Got: ns1-04.azure-dns.com, ns2-04.azure-dns.net, ns3-04.azure-dns.org, ns4-04.azure-dns.info
Info::
1 mail exchanger(s) configured
Info::
CAA records not checked
CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.
Info::
SPF record present in TXT
Info::
DNS resolution time: 120 ms
Got: 120 ms
A137.135.107.235
AAAA—
CNAME—
NSns1-04.azure-dns.com, ns2-04.azure-dns.net, ns3-04.azure-dns.org, ns4-04.azure-dns.info
MX
5 brookings-edu.mail.protection.outlook.com
TXT
SPF v=spf1 mx include:_spf1.brookings.edu include:_spf2.brookings.edu include:_spf3....
EQI28F2QN0TF1LWARPNLCP8TM5XDS2T2B3CC14XN4
parkable-domain-verification=nMtszK-QWQ2CpGYv_GjQjxubbCJBAHFfodDSFEKWM5c=
asv=60b8ca3ac8dfe2a307d07e720cd66d8a
_n3e3eg05uu6gzy2drneznrxhratqx00
nintex.6585fe1966f83c75b4b2445f
CAALookup not available with standard resolver
Resolved in 120 ms

Multiple A records provide failover if one server goes down.

Why this matters

Single A record means a single point of failure — if that IP goes down, your site is unreachable until DNS TTL expires.

Learn more ▾

Add multiple A records for round-robin failover, or use a managed DNS provider with health-checked failover (Route 53, Cloudflare, NS1). Short TTL (60-300s) lets clients recover faster on outages.

Source: SRE practice / DNS architecture

CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.

Why this matters

Informational: CAA (Certification Authority Authorization) records weren't checked in this scan.

A+
Crawlability
robots.txt present, sitemap with 107 URLs
PASS
robots.txt present, sitemap with 107 URLs
Info::
robots.txt is present
Got: 10240 bytes
Info::
sitemap.xml is present
Info::
sitemap.xml is valid XML
Info::
sitemap.xml contains 107 entries
Info::
Sitemap index with 107 child sitemaps
Info::
robots.txt does not reference a sitemap
Add a 'Sitemap:' directive to robots.txt so search engines can discover your sitemap.

Add a 'Sitemap:' directive to robots.txt so search engines can discover your sitemap.

Why this matters

robots.txt omits Sitemap: directive — crawlers must fetch /sitemap.xml by convention; reliable but missing the explicit hint.

Source: sitemaps.org

robots.txt 200 OK
Size 10240 B Sitemaps referenced 0 User-agents * Blocking No — crawling allowed
User-agent: *
Disallow: /?*qry
Disallow: /?*topics
Disallow: /?*regions
Disallow: /?*experts
Disallow: /?*entities
Disallow: /*?s=
Disallow: /search/

# Start disallow_search_engine_indexing_of_attachments block
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Disallow: /wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Chapter-1-Full.pdf
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Disallow: /wp-content/uploads/2026/04/AndersonScottR_CV-2026.04.02.pdf
Disallow: /wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Ghani_CV_Mar2026.pdf
Disallow: /wp-content/uploads/2026/02/20260215_AI_sovereignty.pdf
Disallow: /wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Empowering-Rural-America-Through-Investment-in-Innovation-Final-Testimony_Turner-Lee_1.21.26.pdf
Disallow: /wp-content/uploads/2026/01/GS_20260122_TechTankPodcast_data-center-water_transcript.pdf
Disallow: /wp-content/uploads/2026/01/A-New-Direction-for-Students-in-an-AI-World-ONE-PAGER.pdf
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Disallow: /wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Valan
sitemap.xml 200 OK
Type Sitemap Index URLs 107 entries Valid XML Yes
Child Sitemaps:
A+
Domain Intelligence
brookings.edu — 30 years old, hosted on Microsoft Azure
PASS
brookings.edu — 30 years old, hosted on Microsoft Azure
Info::
Domain registered until Jul 31, 2026 (3 months remaining)
Info::
Hosting: Microsoft Azure
Got: AS8075
Domain expiry

47 days

July 31, 2026

SSL certificate

124 days

Issued by DigiCert Inc

Domain age

30 years

Registered September 7, 1996

DNSSEC

Status unknown

Protects against DNS spoofing

Hosting

Microsoft Azure

ASN AS8075

137.135.107.235

Registrar

Registrar unknown

Lock status unknown 4 NS records
Expiry timeline
Today
+1 year
Domain expiry SSL expiry Danger zone (≤30 days)
Recommended actions
  • Renew the domain or enable auto-renewal to prevent accidental expiry
Registrar
Created September 7, 1996 (30 years ago)
Expires July 31, 2026 (3 months)
Last Updated June 6, 2025
Name Servers ns3-04.azure-dns.org, ns4-04.azure-dns.info, ns2-04.azure-dns.net, ns1-04.azure-dns.com
Registrant The Brookings Institution
Hosting
IP Address 137.135.107.235
ASN AS8075 (MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK - Microsoft Corporation, US)
Provider Microsoft Azure
Data source: whois (0.3s)
A+
HTTP Probe Timing
Total 170 ms — DNS, TCP, TLS, TTFB, content transfer breakdown
PASS
DNS Lookup DNS Lookup — time to resolve the domain name to an IP address.
119 ms
TCP Connect TCP Connect — time to establish a TCP connection to the server.
8 ms
TLS Handshake TLS Handshake — time to complete the HTTPS encryption handshake.
31 ms
Time to First Byte Time to First Byte — how long the server takes to respond with the first byte of data.
170 ms
Total Time Total request time from DNS lookup through full response.
171 ms

Connection waterfall

DNS Lookup 119 ms TCP Connect 8 ms TLS Handshake 31 ms Server Processing 12 ms Content Transfer 0 ms
All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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