Accessibility
· 13 checks — Landmarks, headings, alt text, forms, and link quality rolled into one auditable list.DWeb ManifestActionNot foundFIX
No web manifest found.
DDark Mode SupportActionNo dark mode signalsFIX
Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles.
DPrint StylesheetActionNo print stylesFIX
CLandmark StructureAction3 landmarksREVIEW
Screen reader users cannot quickly navigate to the primary content. Wrap your main content in <main>.
Without a <main> landmark, screen-reader users can't skip past the navigation to the page content — every page starts with re-reading the menu.
Learn more ▾ ▴
The <main> element marks the page's primary content area. Assistive tech offers a 'jump to main' shortcut — but only if <main> exists. Without it, every page navigation forces re-reading the header. Wrap your primary content in a single <main>.
Source: WAI-ARIA / WCAG 2.4.1
Add a skip link as the first focusable element so keyboard users can bypass repeated navigation.
Without a skip-nav link, keyboard users tab through every nav item before reaching content — every page, every visit.
Learn more ▾ ▴
WCAG 2.4.1 (Bypass Blocks) requires a mechanism to skip past repeated content. The standard implementation is a 'Skip to main content' link that's the first focusable element, visually hidden until focused. Three lines of HTML + four of CSS.
Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 2.4.1
BHeading Hierarchy56 headingsREVIEW
- H3 ICC denies Duterte appeal, clears way for possible trial
- H3 Martin Romualdez barred from leaving PH over alleged corruption
- H3 Who is Jose Raulito Paras, a key figure in Romualdez-linked dealings?
- H3 Rappler Recap: What the impeachment hearing revealed about Sara Duterte’s wealth
- H3 PAGASA: El Niño has 79% chance of emerging within months
- H4 LATEST VIDEOS
- H3 ICC upholds jurisdiction over Duterte case | The wRap
- H3 Kaufman on ICC jurisdiction decision: Not surprised, focusing on road ahead
- H3 Rappler Recap: Duterte loses appeal as ICC chamber upholds jurisdiction
- H3 Rappler Recap: What the impeachment hearing revealed about Sara Duterte’s wealth
- H3 LIVE: ICC decides on jurisdiction in Duterte case
- H3 Day 3 of Sara Duterte impeachment hearing focuses on alleged unexplained wealth
- H3 Duterte at The Hague: ICC ruling could send him home – or not
- H3 Romualdez pins budget corruption on executive branch | The wRap
- H3 SC holds 2nd oral arguments on national budget, unprogrammed funds
- H3 Ceasefire at risk as US seizes Iranian cargo ship | The wRap
- H4 Latest News
- H3 LIVE UPDATES: ICC ruling on jurisdiction in Duterte’s drug war
- H3 ICC upholds jurisdiction over Duterte case | The wRap
- H3 Feeling at home, Alex Eala aces opening test in Madrid Open
- H3 UPCAT 2026: Over 18,000 passers, more than half from public schools
- H3 Kaufman on ICC jurisdiction decision: Not surprised, focusing on road ahead
- H3 Rappler Recap: Duterte loses appeal as ICC chamber upholds jurisdiction
- H3 FACT CHECK: No Supreme Court order on mandatory drug test for Marcos
- H3 LIVE UPDATES: Impact of Middle East crisis on the Philippines
- H3 [DECODED] How the internet decided the President was dying
- H3 Economists push for lower tariffs for out-quota corn imports to cushion price increases
- H4 Latest from movements
- H3 FACT CHECK: No Supreme Court order on mandatory drug test for Marcos
- H3 Rappler Recap: What happened to ex-DPWH usec Cathy Cabral?
- H3 As fuel prices rise, some motorists opt for active, public transport
- H4 US-Israel war on Iran
- H3 ICC upholds jurisdiction over Duterte case | The wRap
- H3 LIVE UPDATES: Impact of Middle East crisis on the Philippines
- H3 Trump declares Iran ceasefire extension with peace talks in doubt
- H4 Ferdinand Marcos Jr.
- H3 FACT CHECK: No Supreme Court order on mandatory drug test for Marcos
- H3 [DECODED] How the internet decided the President was dying
- H3 SolGen distances Marcos from release of unprogrammed funds, points to DBM chief
- H3 FACT CHECK: Marcos remains president; Sara Duterte stays as VP
- H4 artificial intelligence
- H3 What is Pax Silica? What are its goals, and what concerns does it raise?
- H3 Meta to start capturing employee mouse movements, keystrokes for AI training data
- H3 Anthropic’s Mythos model accessed by unauthorized users, Bloomberg News reports
- H3 Amazon to invest up to $25 billion in Anthropic as part of $100-billion cloud deal
- H4 Duterte at the ICC
- H3 ICC upholds jurisdiction over Duterte case | The wRap
- H3 Kaufman on ICC jurisdiction decision: Not surprised, focusing on road ahead
- H3 Rappler Recap: Duterte loses appeal as ICC chamber upholds jurisdiction
- H3 ICC denies Duterte appeal, clears way for possible trial
- H4 #BrandRap
- H3 Getting into Pickleball? Here’s what to use on court
- H3 From fit checks to courtside: What to wear to play pickleball?
- H3 How these pickleball players scored friendships in the court
- H3 Jollibee hits sustainability milestone with PH’s first LEED-certified store
- H2 (empty)
Every page should have one H1 that describes the page content.
No H1 means screen-reader users can't identify the page's primary topic, and Google's content-extraction degrades.
Learn more ▾ ▴
The H1 is the document title for assistive tech and a strong signal to search engines about page topic. Pages without one force screen readers to fall back to the <title> attribute or page chrome. Add a single H1 that names the page's primary subject.
Source: WCAG 2.4.6 / Google Search Central
Empty headings appear in the document outline but provide no information.
Empty <hN> tags break the document outline — screen-reader users navigating by heading hit dead silence.
Source: WCAG 2.4.6
BLink & Button Quality2 issue(s) across 490 links and 122 buttonsREVIEW
| Element | Text | Issue | Suggested Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/rapplerdotcom/ | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/rapplerdotcom/ | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://instagram.com/rappler | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdnZdQx… | YouTube | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://linkedin.com/company/rappler | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| http://vb.me/rapplercommunity | Viber | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://www.rappler.com/offers/ | Join Rappler+ | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://www.rappler.com/about-plus-membe… | Know more here | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://www.rappler.com/plus-membership-… | Learn more | generic text | Replace with descriptive text |
Before: Learn more Suggested: Frequently Asked Questions | |||
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u… | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text | |
| https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=htt… | X (Twitter) | new tab | Add '(opens in new tab)' to text |
| <button> | (empty) | empty | Add button text or aria-label |
Generic link text like 'click here' doesn't describe the destination.
https://www.rappler.com/plus-membership-program/frequently-asked-questions/ ("Learn more")
Generic anchor text ('click here', 'read more', 'learn more') tells screen readers and search engines nothing about the destination.
Learn more ▾ ▴
Out-of-context lists of links read by AT (one navigation pattern) become useless when every link says 'click here'. Use the destination's title or topic as anchor text. Doubles as SEO win — Google passes anchor-text relevance to the destination.
Source: WCAG 2.4.4 / Google Search Central
Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.
https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fphil…; https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fphilippi…; https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fphil…; https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fphilippi…; https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fphil…; https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fphilippi…; https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fphil…; https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fphilippi…; https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fphil…; https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fphilippi… (+94 more)
Links with target="_blank" without rel="noopener" leak the originating page's window context — security and UX issue.
Learn more ▾ ▴
Without rel="noopener", the new tab can navigate the original tab via window.opener (tab-nabbing attack). Modern browsers default to noopener for target=_blank but only since recent versions. Always set rel="noopener noreferrer" explicitly.
Source: MDN target / OWASP
Icon-only buttons need an aria-label so screen readers can announce them.
button#burger-nav__back
Buttons with no accessible text (icon-only, no aria-label) can't be activated by voice control or understood by screen readers.
Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 4.1.2
C404 Error PageActionHTTP 404, custom pageREVIEW
BFavicon & Branding4 icon(s) detectedREVIEW
BLighthouse Accessibility AuditsScore 86/100 — 4 failing, 19 passedREVIEW
Accessibility
These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.
ARIA
Focusable descendents within an `[aria-hidden="true"]` element prevent those interactive elements from being available to users of assistive technologies like screen readers. Learn how `aria-hidden` affects focusable elements.
Informational: a Permissions-Policy directive showing feature -> allowed origins.
Source: MDN Permissions-Policy
| Failing Elements |
|---|
RAPPLER
CLOSE MENU
LATEST NEWS
VIDEO
COMMUNITIES
PHILIPPINES
INVESTIGATIVE
INSI… header.site-header > div.masthead > div.masthead__nav > div#burger-nav-overlay |
These are opportunities to improve the usage of ARIA in your application which may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.
Contrast
Low-contrast text is difficult or impossible for many users to read. Learn how to provide sufficient color contrast.
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| Failing Elements |
|---|
SUPPORT div.masthead__secondary > ul > li > a.masthead__secondary-donate |
These are opportunities to improve the legibility of your content.
Names and labels
Link text (and alternate text for images, when used as links) that is discernible, unique, and focusable improves the navigation experience for screen reader users. Learn how to make links accessible.
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| Failing Elements |
|---|
header.site-header > div.masthead > div.masthead__search > a.search header.site-header > div.masthead > div.masthead__search > a.search |
These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.
Best practices
One main landmark helps screen reader users navigate a web page. Learn more about landmarks.
Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.
| Failing Elements |
|---|
html.has-js html.has-js |
These items highlight common accessibility best practices.
A+Alt Text QualityAll 47 images OKPASS
A+Form AccessibilityNo form controlsPASS
A+Color Contrast (Screenshot)20 text elements analyzed, 0 fail WCAG AAPASS
Analyzes text contrast against the actual rendered page, including background images, gradients, and overlays that CSS-based tools cannot detect.
Show all checked elements (20)
| Element | Ratio | Required | FG | BG | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| h3 ICC upholds jurisdic… | 21.00:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #FFFFFF | Pass |
| h3 Kaufman on ICC juris… | 21.00:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #FFFFFF | Pass |
| h3 Rappler Recap: Duter… | 21.00:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #FFFFFF | Pass |
| h3 Rappler Recap: What … | 21.00:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #FFFFFF | Pass |
| h3 LIVE: ICC decides on… | 21.00:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #FFFFFF | Pass |
| h3 Day 3 of Sara Dutert… | 21.00:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #FFFFFF | Pass |
| h3 Duterte at The Hague… | 21.00:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #FFFFFF | Pass |
| h3 Romualdez pins budge… | 21.00:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #FFFFFF | Pass |
| h3 SC holds 2nd oral ar… | 21.00:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #FFFFFF | Pass |
| h3 Ceasefire at risk as… | 21.00:1 | 3.0:1 | #000000 | #FFFFFF | Pass |
| title RAPPLER | Philippine… | 21.00:1 | 4.5:1 | #000000 | #FFFFFF | Pass |
| span Open navigation | 21.00:1 | 4.5:1 | #000000 | #FFFFFF | Pass |
| span RAPPLER | 19.51:1 | 4.5:1 | #000000 | #F5F6FF | Pass |
| span Close menu | 19.51:1 | 4.5:1 | #000000 | #F5F6FF | Pass |
| a Latest news | 19.51:1 | 4.5:1 | #000000 | #F5F6FF | Pass |
| a Video | 19.51:1 | 4.5:1 | #000000 | #F5F6FF | Pass |
| a Communities | 19.51:1 | 4.5:1 | #000000 | #F5F6FF | Pass |
| a Philippines | 19.51:1 | 4.5:1 | #000000 | #F5F6FF | Pass |
| a Investigative | 19.51:1 | 4.5:1 | #000000 | #F5F6FF | Pass |
| a Inside Track | 19.51:1 | 4.5:1 | #000000 | #F5F6FF | Pass |
Methodology: The top 20 text elements by font size were checked. Background color was sampled from the desktop screenshot using a 5-point pattern. WCAG 2.1 AA requires 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.