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https://igi-global.com

Performance

· 15 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
67
GRADE
D
FIX
5
REVIEW
2
PASS
6
INFO
2

Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates

59
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
92
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
69
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
100
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

2.86 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

5.22 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

2 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.000

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

3.87 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

5.28 s

Page Load Progression

375 ms
750 ms
1.1 s
1.5 s
1.9 s
2.2 s
2.6 s
3.0 s
Checks
15
6 PASS 2 REVIEW 5 FIX
F
Page Weight Budget
Action
5.6 MB transferred, 79 requests
FIX
5.6 MB transferred, 79 requests
Critical::
Page weighs 6.5 MB (5.6 MB transferred)
Warning::
Images are 3.0 MB — compress or use modern formats
Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.
Got: 3.0 MB
Warning::
JavaScript is 1.7 MB — consider code splitting or lazy loading
Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
Got: 1.7 MB
Info::
CSS is 559 KB — consider purging unused styles
Remove unused CSS rules with tools like PurgeCSS to reduce stylesheet size.
Got: 559 KB
Info::
79 HTTP requests
Info::
Estimated 1.2 g CO2 per page load
5.6 MB / 2.4 MB budget
5.6 MB transferred
79 requests
1.2 g CO2 per page load
Images 3.0 MiB 54%
JavaScript 1.7 MiB 31%
CSS 559.2 KiB 10%
HTML 152.5 KiB 3%
Fonts 142.2 KiB 2%
Other 15.1 KiB 0%
Other 6.0 KiB 0%
Other 3.2 KiB 0%
Other 0 B 0%
0 2.4 MB 4.9 MB
Over budget

Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.

Why this matters

Image bandwidth is high — modern formats (WebP/AVIF) and resizing typically cut it 50%+.

Source: web.dev

Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.

Why this matters

JavaScript bundle is large — code-split routes and lazy-load off-screen components to defer.

Source: web.dev

Remove unused CSS rules with tools like PurgeCSS to reduce stylesheet size.

Why this matters

CSS bundle is large — purge unused styles (PurgeCSS, Tailwind JIT) to reduce CSS payload.

Source: web.dev

D
Third-Party Impact
Action
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
FIX
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Warning::
Third-party code accounts for 100% of page weight (5.6 MiB of 5.6 MiB)
Info::
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
100%
First-party Third-party
F
JS Bundles
Action
12 scripts, 1.2 MB unused
FIX
12 scripts, 1.2 MB unused
Warning::
https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=...: 1024 KB unused (74%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=...: unminified — 349 KB could be saved
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4Y3C...: 66 KB unused (39%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/j...: 62 KB unused (75%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/j...: unminified — 41 KB could be saved
Warning::
https://www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/bootst...: 33 KB unused (75%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.igi-global.com/WebResource.axd?d=pynGk...: 22 KB unused (98%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Info::
Total unused JavaScript: 1.2 MB
1207 KB unused JavaScript

Downloaded but never executed on this page.

ScriptSizeUnusedMinifiedParty
https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow11381 KB1024 KB (74%)3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4Y3CX4YME3167 KB66 KB (39%)3rd
https://www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.js83 KB62 KB (75%)3rd
https://www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.js44 KB33 KB (75%)3rd
https://www.igi-global.com/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcFUV13He1Qd6_TZPmWIJVCCio-VoI6UnxNfXMaVvGMFhCa3dM7UN6i8k0G8WmiNg2&t=63890138231263683223 KB22 KB (98%)3rd
https://www.igi-global.com/ScriptResource.axd?d=nv7asgRUU0tRmHNR2D6t1C7Uy6VRPLvoS3lBxyvpzyglauuMRPWzbFcHIDQkx_uyLKVhyUKIybHHyw9BycWdu8AdgmL2K8Tz5PMoehSkNJFIBVtc0iIrilefkZ00hcLjp8P4Gw2&t=40d125166 KB3rd
https://www.igi-global.com/ScriptResource.axd?d=NJmAwtEo3Ipnlaxl6CMhvkql_yXEPqA7jqG-7jGHaSvhvs_RpwySgMPJKAUwP0h3uxo4Ov7pKanKUHi9umNbxWo2h4t2E24h16BB22kt-kpvksfBf6Xv_3h9MKpX2Ofkvj3HsEO1kKj0SJOTspQATQT-Vs41&t=345ad96825 KB3rd
https://www.igi-global.com/ScriptResource.axd?d=dwY9oWetJoJoVpgL6Zq8OKoo7b305hGqSpT-EZmH6r2lHn47af1fQSCc7WzoA_AP_eLvyR12P9iZ6sRD16Ojg_3jYrR8_DrKfgynnYiPyk4F-ElGRjnK3wTfLCsHMBY3pyEu3Afa_Eutb173DHGK-dRfLjo1&t=345ad96810 KB3rd
https://www.igi-global.com/includes/currency.js3 KB3rd
https://js.zi-scripts.com/zi-tag.js6 KB3rd

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

F
Page Weight Inventory
Action
79 resources · 5.6 MB · 1.2 MB savings available
FIX
79 resources · 5.6 MB · 1.2 MB savings available
Warning::
Page weight 4.6 MB over 1MB target
Got: 5.6 MB Expected: ≤ 1 MB
Info::
~1.2 MB of savings available
Warning::
78 third-party resources (100% of weight)
Info::
6 resources over 200KB
79 resources · 5.6 MiB · 78 third-party 4.6 MiB over 1MB target
Image 54% · 3.0 MiB
JavaScript 31% · 1.7 MiB
CSS 10% · 559.2 KiB
Document 3% · 152.6 KiB
Font 2% · 142.2 KiB
Other 0% · 16.4 KiB

~1.2 MiB of savings available

Remove unused JavaScript: 1.2 MiB
D
HTTP Caching
Action
no-store (uncacheable)
FIX
no-store (uncacheable)
Info::
Cache-Control: no-store prevents all caching
Intentional for dynamic content, but increases server load for every page view.
Got: no-store
Info::
No ETag or Last-Modified header
Conditional requests (304 Not Modified) are not possible without validators.
Cache-Control

no-store

DirectiveValueMeaning
no-storeNever cache this response
C
Image Optimization
Action
54 images, 0 KB saveable
REVIEW
54 images, 0 KB saveable
Warning::
https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/cope-log... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/proud-su... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
54 images 3.0 MB
0 oversized -0 KB
10 legacy format
2 missing dimensions CLS risk

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

C
Green Hosting
Action
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
REVIEW

Green Hosting

No green hosting detected

A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
JS Execution Cost
414ms total JS execution
PASS
414ms total JS execution
Info::
https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=...: 212ms CPU time
Info::
Unattributable: 120ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4Y3C...: 83ms CPU time
Warning::
Third-party scripts: 414ms (100% of total)

Main Thread Breakdown

Script Evaluation 39% Other 26% Script Parsing & Compilation 14% Style & Layout 13% Parse HTML & CSS 4%
ScriptTotalScriptingParse/CompileParty
https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1212ms105ms39ms3rd
Unattributable120ms6ms0ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4Y3CX4YME383ms68ms15ms3rd
A+
Font Loading
2 fonts (142 KB)
PASS
2 fonts (142 KB)
Info::
2 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

Web fonts

2

142 KB total

Render-blocking

0

of 2

Dominant font-display

swap

Most common across fonts

Font loading timeline
Transfer FOIT (block) FOUT (swap)
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s 5.0 s FCP 2.9 s LCP 5.2 shttps://www.igi-global.com/fonts/open-sans-condensed/open-sans-condensed-v12-latin-300.woff2open-sans-condensed-v12... https://www.igi-global.com/fonts/open-sans-condensed/open-sans-condensed-v12-latin-300.woff2 — 14.5 KiB — 384 ms — font-display: swaphttps://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/fonts/bootstrap-icons.woff2?dd67030699838ea613ee6dbda90effa6bootstrap-icons.woff2 https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/fonts/bootstrap-icons.woff2?dd67030699838ea613ee6dbda90effa6 — 127.7 KiB — 51 ms — font-display: swap
open-sans-condensed-v12... woff2 swap
Size 15 KB
Load time 384 ms
Start 1.1 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
bootstrap-icons.woff2 woff2 swap
Size 128 KB
Load time 51 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
  • Subset this font — over 100 KB suggests Latin Extended or full glyph coverage that most pages don't need
Optimization checklist
  • Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
  • Use woff2 format for all fonts
  • Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
  • Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)

Fixing the unchecked items could save ~64 KB and ~128 ms

A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
No optimization needed
PASS
No optimization needed
Info::
No resource hint issues
Network Waterfall
79 requests over 3518ms
INFO
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s 5.0 s FCP 2.9 s LCP 5.2 shttps://igi-global.com// https://igi-global.com/ — 301 — 151 B — 81 ms — h2https://www.igi-global.com/www.igi-global.com/ https://www.igi-global.com/ — 200 — 152.5 KiB — 1.2 s — h2https://www.igi-global.com/fonts/open-sans-condensed/open-sans-condensed-v12-latin-300.woff2www.igi-global.com/fonts/open-sans-... https://www.igi-global.com/fonts/open-sans-condensed/open-sans-condensed-v12-latin-300.woff2 — 200 — 14.5 KiB — 384 ms — h2https://www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.jswww.igi-global.com/Scripts/external... https://www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/2025/jquery-3.7.1.js — 200 — 83.5 KiB — 545 ms — h2https://www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.jswww.igi-global.com/Scripts/external... https://www.igi-global.com/Scripts/external/bootstrap/bootstrap-5.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.js — 200 — 43.9 KiB — 474 ms — h2https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/css/bookstore2025?v=uwwvq1dzmstfctgeonspvpcs-hnqp1wyddbudsnt6ns1www.igi-global.com/bundles/css/book... https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/css/bookstore2025?v=uwwvq1dzmstfctgeonspvpcs-hnqp1wyddbudsnt6ns1 — 200 — 545.5 KiB — 887 ms — h2https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/books... https://www.igi-global.com/bundles/js/bookstore?v=txakjgrmvtg3dpg8mjb-jkht0mub4mn9g-wh8wlhfow1 — 200 — 1.3 MiB — 905 ms — h2https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/bootstrap-icons.csscdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icon... https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/bootstrap-icons.css — 200 — 13.7 KiB — 11 ms — h2https://www.igi-global.com/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcFUV13He1Qd6_TZPmWIJVCCio-VoI6UnxNfXMaVvGMFhCa3dM7UN6i8k0G8WmiNg2&t=638901382312636832www.igi-global.com/WebResource.axd?... https://www.igi-global.com/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcFUV13He1Qd6_TZPmWIJVCCio-VoI6UnxNfXMaVvGMFhCa3dM7UN6i8k0G8WmiNg2&t=638901382312636832 — 200 — 22.9 KiB — 455 ms — h2https://www.igi-global.com/ScriptResource.axd?d=nv7asgRUU0tRmHNR2D6t1C7Uy6VRPLvoS3lBxyvpzyglauuMRPWzbFcHIDQkx_uyLKVhyUKIybHHyw9BycWdu8AdgmL2K8Tz5PMoehSkNJFIBVtc0iIrilefkZ00hcLjp8P4Gw2&t=40d12516www.igi-global.com/ScriptResource.a... https://www.igi-global.com/ScriptResource.axd?d=nv7asgRUU0tRmHNR2D6t1C7Uy6VRPLvoS3lBxyvpzyglauuMRPWzbFcHIDQkx_uyLKVhyUKIybHHyw9BycWdu8AdgmL2K8Tz5PMoehSkNJFIBVtc0iIrilefkZ00hcLjp8P4Gw2&t=40d12516 — 200 — 5.7 KiB — 373 ms — h2https://www.igi-global.com/ScriptResource.axd?d=NJmAwtEo3Ipnlaxl6CMhvkql_yXEPqA7jqG-7jGHaSvhvs_RpwySgMPJKAUwP0h3uxo4Ov7pKanKUHi9umNbxWo2h4t2E24h16BB22kt-kpvksfBf6Xv_3h9MKpX2Ofkvj3HsEO1kKj0SJOTspQATQT-Vs41&t=345ad968www.igi-global.com/ScriptResource.a... https://www.igi-global.com/ScriptResource.axd?d=NJmAwtEo3Ipnlaxl6CMhvkql_yXEPqA7jqG-7jGHaSvhvs_RpwySgMPJKAUwP0h3uxo4Ov7pKanKUHi9umNbxWo2h4t2E24h16BB22kt-kpvksfBf6Xv_3h9MKpX2Ofkvj3HsEO1kKj0SJOTspQATQT-Vs41&t=345ad968 — 200 — 25.4 KiB — 461 ms — h2https://www.igi-global.com/ScriptResource.axd?d=dwY9oWetJoJoVpgL6Zq8OKoo7b305hGqSpT-EZmH6r2lHn47af1fQSCc7WzoA_AP_eLvyR12P9iZ6sRD16Ojg_3jYrR8_DrKfgynnYiPyk4F-ElGRjnK3wTfLCsHMBY3pyEu3Afa_Eutb173DHGK-dRfLjo1&t=345ad968www.igi-global.com/ScriptResource.a... https://www.igi-global.com/ScriptResource.axd?d=dwY9oWetJoJoVpgL6Zq8OKoo7b305hGqSpT-EZmH6r2lHn47af1fQSCc7WzoA_AP_eLvyR12P9iZ6sRD16Ojg_3jYrR8_DrKfgynnYiPyk4F-ElGRjnK3wTfLCsHMBY3pyEu3Afa_Eutb173DHGK-dRfLjo1&t=345ad968 — 200 — 10.1 KiB — 383 ms — h2https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-logo-loc.webpcoverimages.igi-global.com/images/i... https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/igi-global-logo-loc.webp — 200 — 14.8 KiB — 170 ms — h2https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/april-read-and-publish-webinar-website-flyer-panelists.jpgcoverimages.igi-global.com/images/a... https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/april-read-and-publish-webinar-website-flyer-panelists.jpg — 200 — 408.1 KiB — 238 ms — h2https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/library_partnerships_ffoapa.jpgcoverimages.igi-global.com/images/l... https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/library_partnerships_ffoapa.jpg — 200 — 259.2 KiB — 81 ms — h2https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/clemsonuniversity_cmyk__orangepurple.jpgcoverimages.igi-global.com/images/c... https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/clemsonuniversity_cmyk__orangepurple.jpg — 200 — 688.9 KiB — 35 ms — h2https://www.igi-global.com/includes/currency.jswww.igi-global.com/includes/currenc... https://www.igi-global.com/includes/currency.js — 200 — 2.7 KiB — 104 ms — h2https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4Y3CX4YME3www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id... https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4Y3CX4YME3 — 200 — 167.4 KiB — 259 ms — h2https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/tache.pngcoverimages.igi-global.com/images/t... https://coverimages.igi-global.com/images/tache.png — 200 — 770.3 KiB — 36 ms — h2https://conferences.upcea.edu/regional/images/UPCEA-Logo.jpgconferences.upcea.edu/regional/imag... https://conferences.upcea.edu/regional/images/UPCEA-Logo.jpg — 200 — 11.0 KiB — 671 ms — h2https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824510.webpcoverimages.igi-global.com/cover-im... https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824510.webp — 200 — 17.5 KiB — 135 ms — h2https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822127.webpcoverimages.igi-global.com/cover-im... https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799822127.webp — 200 — 16.5 KiB — 191 ms — h2https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799830382.webpcoverimages.igi-global.com/cover-im... https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799830382.webp — 200 — 19.1 KiB — 135 ms — h2https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799829010.webpcoverimages.igi-global.com/cover-im... https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799829010.webp — 200 — 15.8 KiB — 139 ms — h2https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824572.webpcoverimages.igi-global.com/cover-im... https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799824572.webp — 200 — 15.4 KiB — 139 ms — h2https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823254.webpcoverimages.igi-global.com/cover-im... https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781799823254.webp — 200 — 14.4 KiB — 141 ms — h2https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522597155.webpcoverimages.igi-global.com/cover-im... https://coverimages.igi-global.com/cover-images/covers/9781522597155.webp — 200 — 6.2 KiB — 190 ms — 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HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
100% of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party 414ms · 1548KB · $6/mo
www.igi-global.com
Other
Costly
Execution 212ms
Transfer 1381 KB
Unused 74%
Monthly Cost $3/mo
Unattributable
Other
Optional
Execution 120ms
Transfer 0 KB
Monthly Cost $2/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 83ms
Transfer 167 KB
Unused 39%
Monthly Cost $1/mo

These scripts may cost more than they're worth

  • www.igi-global.com adds 212ms and costs ~$3/month

100% of JavaScript execution time is spent on third-party scripts. Consider auditing which scripts are essential.

Why this matters

When third-party JS execution time exceeds your own, performance gains from frontend work are capped by code you don't own.

Learn more

Every millisecond of third-party JS competes with your own for main-thread time. If their share is bigger than yours, optimization on your code base barely moves the needle. Audit, defer, or remove third-parties before further frontend optimization. Use Lighthouse's third-party audit to identify the worst offenders.

Source: web.dev

www.igi-global.com takes 212ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

74% of www.igi-global.com's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.

Why this matters

Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.

Source: web.dev

How third-party costs are calculated

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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