Performance
· 15 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates
First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.
1.99 s
Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.
6.74 s
Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.
59 ms
Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.
0.418
Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.
3.04 s
Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.
7.02 s
Page Load Progression
FPage Weight BudgetAction29.0 MB transferred, 169 requestsFIX
Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.
Image bandwidth is high — modern formats (WebP/AVIF) and resizing typically cut it 50%+.
Source: web.dev
Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
JavaScript bundle is large — code-split routes and lazy-load off-screen components to defer.
Source: web.dev
Subset fonts to include only used characters, or switch to system font stacks.
Font payload is large — subset to used glyphs only, or fall back to system fonts (zero load time).
Source: web.dev font loading
Each request adds latency. Bundle small files, use sprites, or eliminate unnecessary requests.
High HTTP request count — bundling, sprite-ing, and HTTP/2 server push can reduce per-request overhead.
Source: web.dev
DThird-Party ImpactAction100% third-party, 0 ms blockingFIX
DPage Weight InventoryAction169 resources · 29.0 MB · 254 KB savings availableFIX
~254.3 KiB of savings available
| # | Resource | Type | Size | Cache | Unused | 3rd party | Issues |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | ||||||
| 169 resources | 29.0 MiB | ||||||
FHTTP CachingActionNo cache headersFIX
No Cache-Control header
Adding a Cache-Control header can significantly improve repeat-visit performance.
CImage OptimizationAction114 images, 0 KB saveableREVIEW
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.
Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals
CJS Execution CostAction1278ms total JS executionREVIEW
Main Thread Breakdown
| Script | Total | Scripting | Parse/Compile | Party |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unattributable | 464ms | 16ms | 0ms | 3rd |
| https://www.intechopen.com/ | 285ms | 14ms | 24ms | 3rd |
| https://cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/5.b0b9db04b8ae6d03450d.js | 163ms | 141ms | 1ms | 3rd |
| https://consent.cookiebot.com/011c3436-7d64-4a27-ac89-ad262dbcfb8f/cc.js?renew=false&referer=www.intechopen.com&dnt=false&init=false | 116ms | 52ms | 8ms | 3rd |
| https://cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/app.2368e585da4403179512.js | 91ms | 71ms | 18ms | 3rd |
| https://cdn.userway.org/remediation/2026-04-14-10-40-20/paid/remediation-tool.js?ts=1776163220800 | 91ms | 86ms | 2ms | 3rd |
| https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-DTTE7J8M7F | 69ms | 45ms | 10ms | 3rd |
CJS BundlesAction18 scripts, 254 KB unusedREVIEW
Downloaded but never executed on this page.
| Script | Size | Unused | Minified | Party |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| https://cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/vendors~app.af92ceeaf02411c6f026.js | 211 KB | 121 KB (60%) | ✓ | 3rd |
| https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-DTTE7J8M7F | 163 KB | 61 KB (37%) | ✓ | 3rd |
| https://consent.cookiebot.com/011c3436-7d64-4a27-ac89-ad262dbcfb8f/cc.js?renew=false&referer=www.intechopen.com&dnt=false&init=false | 108 KB | 25 KB (23%) | ✓ | 3rd |
| https://cdn.userway.org/widgetapp/2026-04-14-10-40-20/widget_app_base_1776163220800.js | 48 KB | 25 KB (53%) | ✓ | 3rd |
| https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js | 36 KB | 23 KB (64%) | ✓ | 3rd |
| https://cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/js/adsLoader.js | 2 KB | — | ✓ | 3rd |
| https://cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/1.76c893091875fce2e959.js | 14 KB | — | ✓ | 3rd |
| https://cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/0.594e949525f6631a2829.js | 35 KB | — | ✓ | 3rd |
| https://cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/33.a30c089b07a0f71ca700.js | 44 KB | — | ✓ | 3rd |
| https://cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/app.2368e585da4403179512.js | 64 KB | — | ✓ | 3rd |
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.
Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.
Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.
Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.
Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.
Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage
CGreen HostingActionWhether the site is served from green-energy infrastructureREVIEW
Green Hosting
No green hosting detected
A+Text CompressionAll text resources are compressedPASS
A+Font Loading7 fonts (322 KB)PASS
Web fonts
7
322 KB total
Render-blocking
0
of 7
Dominant font-display
swap
Most common across fonts
Font loading timeline
- Convert to woff2 for ~30% smaller file size
- Convert to woff2 for ~30% smaller file size
- Convert to woff2 for ~30% smaller file size
- Convert to woff2 for ~30% smaller file size
- Convert to woff2 for ~30% smaller file size
Optimization checklist
- Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
- Use woff2 format for all fonts
- Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
- Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)
Fixing the unchecked items could save ~69 KB and ~138 ms
A+Resource CachingAll resources properly cachedPASS
A+Critical Rendering PathNo render-blocking resourcesPASS
A+Resource HintsNo optimization neededPASS
Network Waterfall169 requests over 5633msINFO
Third-Party Script CostPer-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headersINFO
| Script | Category | Execution | Transfer | Unused | Monthly Cost | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unattributable Unattributable | Other | 464ms | 0 KB | — | €5/mo | Costly |
www.intechopen.com www.intechopen.com | Other | 285ms | 181 KB | — | €3/mo | Costly |
cdnintech.com cdnintech.com | Other | 163ms | 6 KB | — | €2/mo | Optional |
consent.cookiebot.com consent.cookiebot.com | Other | 116ms | 108 KB | 23% | €1/mo | Optional |
cdnintech.com cdnintech.com | Other | 91ms | 64 KB | — | €1/mo | Optional |
cdn.userway.org cdn.userway.org | Other | 91ms | 39 KB | — | €1/mo | Optional |
Google Tag Manager www.googletagmanager.com | Tag Manager | 69ms | 163 KB | 37% | €1/mo | Optional |
These scripts may cost more than they're worth
- Unattributable adds 464ms and costs ~€5/month
- www.intechopen.com adds 285ms and costs ~€3/month
100% of JavaScript execution time is spent on third-party scripts. Consider auditing which scripts are essential.
When third-party JS execution time exceeds your own, performance gains from frontend work are capped by code you don't own.
Learn more ▾ ▴
Every millisecond of third-party JS competes with your own for main-thread time. If their share is bigger than yours, optimization on your code base barely moves the needle. Audit, defer, or remove third-parties before further frontend optimization. Use Lighthouse's third-party audit to identify the worst offenders.
Source: web.dev
Unattributable takes 464ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.
This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.
Source: web.dev
www.intechopen.com takes 285ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.
This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.
Source: web.dev