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https://aeaweb.org

Performance

· 15 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
73
GRADE
C
FIX
5
REVIEW
2
PASS
6
INFO
2

Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates

Mobile Desktop
59
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
79
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
62
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
83
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

3.30 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

4.50 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

8 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.082

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

3.30 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

4.54 s

Page Load Progression

385 ms
770 ms
1.2 s
1.5 s
1.9 s
2.3 s
2.7 s
3.1 s
Checks
15
6 PASS 2 REVIEW 5 FIX
F
Page Weight Budget
Action
3.0 MB transferred, 51 requests
FIX
3.0 MB transferred, 51 requests
Warning::
Page weighs 3.5 MB (3.0 MB transferred)
Warning::
Images are 1.2 MB — compress or use modern formats
Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.
Got: 1.2 MB
Warning::
JavaScript is 802 KB — consider code splitting or lazy loading
Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
Got: 802 KB
Info::
Fonts are 529 KB — consider subsetting or using system fonts
Subset fonts to include only used characters, or switch to system font stacks.
Got: 529 KB
Info::
CSS is 489 KB — consider purging unused styles
Remove unused CSS rules with tools like PurgeCSS to reduce stylesheet size.
Got: 489 KB
Info::
51 HTTP requests
Info::
Estimated 0.64 g CO2 per page load
3.0 MB / 2.4 MB budget
3.0 MB transferred
51 requests
0.64 g CO2 per page load
Images 1.2 MiB 40%
JavaScript 801.5 KiB 26%
Fonts 528.9 KiB 17%
CSS 489.4 KiB 16%
HTML 40.6 KiB 1%
Other 15.3 KiB 0%
Other 407 B 0%
0 2.4 MB 4.9 MB
Over budget

Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.

Why this matters

Image bandwidth is high — modern formats (WebP/AVIF) and resizing typically cut it 50%+.

Source: web.dev

Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.

Why this matters

JavaScript bundle is large — code-split routes and lazy-load off-screen components to defer.

Source: web.dev

Subset fonts to include only used characters, or switch to system font stacks.

Why this matters

Font payload is large — subset to used glyphs only, or fall back to system fonts (zero load time).

Source: web.dev font loading

Remove unused CSS rules with tools like PurgeCSS to reduce stylesheet size.

Why this matters

CSS bundle is large — purge unused styles (PurgeCSS, Tailwind JIT) to reduce CSS payload.

Source: web.dev

D
Third-Party Impact
Action
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
FIX
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Warning::
Third-party code accounts for 100% of page weight (3.0 MiB of 3.0 MiB)
Info::
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
100%
First-party Third-party
D
JS Bundles
Action
12 scripts, 481 KB unused
FIX
12 scripts, 481 KB unused
Warning::
https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/bd71bc65/jquery-ui.m...: 218 KB unused (88%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-96K6...: 64 KB unused (42%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-388...: 63 KB unused (54%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/afc4f66/javascripts/...: 56 KB unused (87%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/afc4f66/javascripts/...: 43 KB unused (64%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Info::
Total unused JavaScript: 481 KB
481 KB unused JavaScript

Downloaded but never executed on this page.

ScriptSizeUnusedMinifiedParty
https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/bd71bc65/jquery-ui.min.js250 KB218 KB (88%)✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-96K6S9DJLT&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h1153 KB64 KB (42%)✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-38835597-1117 KB63 KB (54%)✓3rd
https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/afc4f66/javascripts/AeaWebPluginAsset-min.js65 KB56 KB (87%)✓3rd
https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/afc4f66/javascripts/aeaweb.min.js68 KB43 KB (64%)✓3rd
https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/ce4791d1/jquery.min.js86 KB37 KB (43%)✓3rd
https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/2be257a9/yii.js21 KB—✗3rd
https://use.typekit.net/egr5vhm.js7 KB—✓3rd
https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/dc034874/js/SecureCsrfAsset-min.js3 KB—✓3rd
https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/83e11b2c/js/QueClientAsset-min.js9 KB—✓3rd

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

F
Page Weight Inventory
Action
51 resources · 3.0 MB · 481 KB savings available
FIX
51 resources · 3.0 MB · 481 KB savings available
Warning::
Page weight 2.0 MB over 1MB target
Got: 3.0 MB Expected: ≤ 1 MB
Info::
~481 KB of savings available
Warning::
50 third-party resources (100% of weight)
Info::
5 resources over 200KB
51 resources · 3.0 MiB · 50 third-party 2.0 MiB over 1MB target
Image 40% · 1.2 MiB
JavaScript 26% · 801.5 KiB
Font 17% · 528.9 KiB
CSS 16% · 489.4 KiB
Document 1% · 40.8 KiB
Other 0% · 407 B

~481.0 KiB of savings available

Remove unused JavaScript: 481.0 KiB
F
HTTP Caching
Action
No cache headers
FIX
No cache headers
Warning::
No Cache-Control header found
Browsers will use heuristic caching, which can be unpredictable. Set explicit cache headers.

No Cache-Control header

Adding a Cache-Control header can significantly improve repeat-visit performance.

C
Image Optimization
Action
11 images, 0 KB saveable
REVIEW
11 images, 0 KB saveable
Warning::
https://www.aeaweb.org/content/file?id=24456 is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://www.aeaweb.org/content/file?id=24467 is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/afc4f66/images/logo.... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://www.aeaweb.org/content/file?id=1180 is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
11 images 1.2 MB
0 oversized -0 KB
11 legacy format
4 missing dimensions CLS risk

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

C
Green Hosting
Action
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
REVIEW

Green Hosting

No green hosting detected

A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
JS Execution Cost
472ms total JS execution
PASS
472ms total JS execution
Info::
https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/ce4791d1/jquery.min....: 137ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.aeaweb.org/: 135ms CPU time
Info::
Unattributable: 129ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-96K6...: 71ms CPU time
Warning::
Third-party scripts: 472ms (100% of total)

Main Thread Breakdown

Script Evaluation 38% Other 27% Style & Layout 21% Script Parsing & Compilation 8% Rendering 3%
ScriptTotalScriptingParse/CompileParty
https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/ce4791d1/jquery.min.js137ms56ms3ms3rd
https://www.aeaweb.org/135ms21ms1ms3rd
Unattributable129ms25ms0ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-96K6S9DJLT&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1h171ms54ms16ms3rd
A+
Font Loading
18 fonts (529 KB)
PASS
18 fonts (529 KB)
Info::
18 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

Web fonts

18

529 KB total

Render-blocking

0

of 18

Dominant font-display

swap

Most common across fonts

Font loading timeline
Transfer FOIT (block) FOUT (swap)
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s FCP 3.3 s LCP 4.5 shttps://use.typekit.net/af/89f367/00000000000000003b9adef0/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/89f367/00000000000000003b9adef0/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3 — 21.7 KiB — 13 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/825839/00000000000000003b9aded8/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n7&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/825839/00000000000000003b9aded8/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n7&v=3 — 19.6 KiB — 17 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/879409/000000000000000077359da5/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/879409/000000000000000077359da5/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3 — 41.0 KiB — 15 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/d8ed60/00000000000000003b9adee5/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n6&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/d8ed60/00000000000000003b9adee5/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n6&v=3 — 19.9 KiB — 4 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/2555e1/00000000000000007735e603/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n7&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/2555e1/00000000000000007735e603/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n7&v=3 — 30.6 KiB — 17 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/474f13/00000000000000007758cf7d/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i7&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/474f13/00000000000000007758cf7d/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i7&v=3 — 33.4 KiB — 24 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/154cda/00000000000000007735e601/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n1&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/154cda/00000000000000007735e601/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n1&v=3 — 28.7 KiB — 25 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/efe4a5/00000000000000007735e609/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/efe4a5/00000000000000007735e609/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3 — 29.8 KiB — 32 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/11da74/00000000000000007758cf8f/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i4&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/11da74/00000000000000007758cf8f/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i4&v=3 — 32.7 KiB — 34 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/cfd773/00000000000000007735ab07/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n7&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/cfd773/00000000000000007735ab07/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n7&v=3 — 32.8 KiB — 40 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/e487ca/00000000000000007735ab09/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i7&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/e487ca/00000000000000007735ab09/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i7&v=3 — 32.7 KiB — 56 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/c993cf/00000000000000007735ab0c/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i4&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/c993cf/00000000000000007735ab0c/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i4&v=3 — 32.2 KiB — 43 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/eae76c/00000000000000007735ab13/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/eae76c/00000000000000007735ab13/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3 — 32.5 KiB — 46 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/e3232d/00000000000000003b9adeee/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i4&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/e3232d/00000000000000003b9adeee/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i4&v=3 — 21.2 KiB — 57 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/c87723/00000000000000003b9aded9/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i7&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/c87723/00000000000000003b9aded9/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i7&v=3 — 18.7 KiB — 47 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/8e64a6/00000000000000003b9adee6/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i6&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/8e64a6/00000000000000003b9adee6/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i6&v=3 — 20.3 KiB — 50 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/4118d1/000000000000000077359db7/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n9&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/4118d1/000000000000000077359db7/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n9&v=3 — 39.7 KiB — 52 ms — font-display: swaphttps://use.typekit.net/af/c9b473/000000000000000077359dca/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i4&v=3l https://use.typekit.net/af/c9b473/000000000000000077359dca/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i4&v=3 — 41.3 KiB — 58 ms — font-display: swap
l woff2 swap
Size 22 KB
Load time 13 ms
Start 2.1 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 20 KB
Load time 17 ms
Start 2.1 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 41 KB
Load time 15 ms
Start 2.1 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 20 KB
Load time 4 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 31 KB
Load time 17 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 33 KB
Load time 24 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 29 KB
Load time 25 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 30 KB
Load time 32 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 33 KB
Load time 34 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 33 KB
Load time 40 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 33 KB
Load time 56 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 32 KB
Load time 43 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 32 KB
Load time 46 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 21 KB
Load time 57 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 19 KB
Load time 47 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 20 KB
Load time 50 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 40 KB
Load time 52 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
l woff2 swap
Size 41 KB
Load time 58 ms
Start 2.2 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
Optimization checklist
  • Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
  • Use woff2 format for all fonts
  • Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
  • Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)
A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
No optimization needed
PASS
No optimization needed
Info::
No resource hint issues
Network Waterfall
51 requests over 2641ms
INFO
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https://use.typekit.net/af/4118d1/000000000000000077359db7/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n9&v=3 — 200 — 39.7 KiB — 52 ms — h2https://use.typekit.net/af/c9b473/000000000000000077359dca/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i4&v=3use.typekit.net/af/c9b473/000000000... https://use.typekit.net/af/c9b473/000000000000000077359dca/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=i4&v=3 — 200 — 41.3 KiB — 58 ms — h2https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/afc4f66/stylesheets/print.csswww.aeaweb.org/assets/afc4f66/style... https://www.aeaweb.org/assets/afc4f66/stylesheets/print.css — 200 — 823 B — 134 ms — http/1.1https://p.typekit.net/p.gif?s=1&k=egr5vhm&ht=tk&h=www.aeaweb.org&f=139.140.171.175.176.13728.13729.13734.13741.17373.17374.17375.17376.17379.17380.10053.10363.10366&a=5299689&js=1.21.0&app=typekit&e=js&_=1776819338514p.typekit.net/p.gif?s=1&k=egr5vhm&h... https://p.typekit.net/p.gif?s=1&k=egr5vhm&ht=tk&h=www.aeaweb.org&f=139.140.171.175.176.13728.13729.13734.13741.17373.17374.17375.17376.17379.17380.10053.10363.10366&a=5299689&js=1.21.0&app=typekit&e=js&_=1776819338514 — 200 — 206 B — 27 ms — h2https://www.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-96K6S9DJLT&gtm=45je64h1h1v884521853za20g&_p=1776819338274&gcd=13l3l3l3l1l1&npa=0&dma=0&_eu=AAAI&are=1&cid=2093982165.1776819339&frm=0&pscdl=noapi&rcb=14&sr=800x600&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Not-A.Brand%3B24.0.0.0%7CChromium%3B146.0.7680.164&uam=&uamb=0&uap=macOS&uapv=10.15.7&uaw=0&ul=en-us&_s=1&tag_exp=0~115616986~115938465~115938469~117266400~117384405~117512543&sid=1776819338&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeaweb.org%2F&dt=American%20Economic%20Association&en=page_view&_fv=1&_ss=1&tfd=2484www.google-analytics.com/g/collect?... https://www.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-96K6S9DJLT&gtm=45je64h1h1v884521853za20g&_p=1776819338274&gcd=13l3l3l3l1l1&npa=0&dma=0&_eu=AAAI&are=1&cid=2093982165.1776819339&frm=0&pscdl=noapi&rcb=14&sr=800x600&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Not-A.Brand%3B24.0.0.0%7CChromium%3B146.0.7680.164&uam=&uamb=0&uap=macOS&uapv=10.15.7&uaw=0&ul=en-us&_s=1&tag_exp=0~115616986~115938465~115938469~117266400~117384405~117512543&sid=1776819338&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeaweb.org%2F&dt=American%20Economic%20Association&en=page_view&_fv=1&_ss=1&tfd=2484 — 204 — 407 B — 63 ms — h2https://www.googletagmanager.com/a?v=3&t=l&pid=1508442062&rv=64h1&tag_exp=0~115616986~115938465~115938469~117266400~117384405~117512543&u=AAAAAAAAAAAAACCAAAEAAAE&h=Ag&gtm=45je64h1h1v884521853za20g&cl=3.2.0&ccid=84521853&cid=G-96K6S9DJLT&l=L2094.S42.B30.E70.I2188.TC13.HTC0.F2156.C3~gtm.init_consent.S3.V2.E55~gtm.init.S0.V0.E60.TS5ogt1pdatav2.TI4.TE2.TS5ccdgafirst.TI16.TE0.TS5setproductsettings.TI15.TE0.TS5ccdgaregscope.TI14.TE1.TS5ccdemdownload.TI13.TE2.TS5ccdemoutboundclick.TI12.TE1.TS5ccdempageview.TI11.TE1.TS5ccdemscroll.TI10.TE1.TS5ccdemvideo.TI9.TE1.TS5ccdconversionmarking.TI8.TE0.TS5ccdautoredact.TI7.TE0.TS5ccdgalast.TI6.TE0~gtm.js.S0.V0.E40.TS5gct.TI1.TE1~gtm.dom.S0.V0.E30~gtm.load.S0.V0.E3~GA391www.googletagmanager.com/a?v=3&t=l&... https://www.googletagmanager.com/a?v=3&t=l&pid=1508442062&rv=64h1&tag_exp=0~115616986~115938465~115938469~117266400~117384405~117512543&u=AAAAAAAAAAAAACCAAAEAAAE&h=Ag&gtm=45je64h1h1v884521853za20g&cl=3.2.0&ccid=84521853&cid=G-96K6S9DJLT&l=L2094.S42.B30.E70.I2188.TC13.HTC0.F2156.C3~gtm.init_consent.S3.V2.E55~gtm.init.S0.V0.E60.TS5ogt1pdatav2.TI4.TE2.TS5ccdgafirst.TI16.TE0.TS5setproductsettings.TI15.TE0.TS5ccdgaregscope.TI14.TE1.TS5ccdemdownload.TI13.TE2.TS5ccdemoutboundclick.TI12.TE1.TS5ccdempageview.TI11.TE1.TS5ccdemscroll.TI10.TE1.TS5ccdemvideo.TI9.TE1.TS5ccdconversionmarking.TI8.TE0.TS5ccdautoredact.TI7.TE0.TS5ccdgalast.TI6.TE0~gtm.js.S0.V0.E40.TS5gct.TI1.TE1~gtm.dom.S0.V0.E30~gtm.load.S0.V0.E3~GA391 — 200 — 11 B — 59 ms — h3https://www.aeaweb.org/favicon.icowww.aeaweb.org/favicon.ico https://www.aeaweb.org/favicon.ico — 200 — 15.0 KiB — 137 ms — http/1.1
HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
100% of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party 472ms · 279KB · $6/mo
www.aeaweb.org
Other
Optional
Execution 137ms
Transfer 86 KB
Unused 43%
Monthly Cost $2/mo
www.aeaweb.org
Other
Optional
Execution 135ms
Transfer 41 KB
Monthly Cost $2/mo
Unattributable
Other
Optional
Execution 129ms
Transfer 0 KB
Monthly Cost $2/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 71ms
Transfer 153 KB
Unused 42%
Monthly Cost $1/mo

100% of JavaScript execution time is spent on third-party scripts. Consider auditing which scripts are essential.

Why this matters

When third-party JS execution time exceeds your own, performance gains from frontend work are capped by code you don't own.

Learn more ▾

Every millisecond of third-party JS competes with your own for main-thread time. If their share is bigger than yours, optimization on your code base barely moves the needle. Audit, defer, or remove third-parties before further frontend optimization. Use Lighthouse's third-party audit to identify the worst offenders.

Source: web.dev

How third-party costs are calculated

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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