Lighthouse Desktop

· 0 checks — Desktop Lighthouse audit -- Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, and SEO category breakdown.

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GRADE

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Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Request	Cache TTL	Transfer Size
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/partner-2.png	3600.0 s	1.2 MiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/partner-1.png	3600.0 s	930.0 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/partner-3.png	3600.0 s	826.1 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/hero-image.jpg	3600.0 s	796.1 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/fonts/HafferVF.woff2	3600.0 s	397.0 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/blog-2.png	3600.0 s	360.9 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111438108/product_pages	14400.0 s	184.4 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111338774/product_pages	14400.0 s	92.1 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111344027/product_pages	14400.0 s	83.2 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/serial_code/IVT-B/product_pages	14400.0 s	80.9 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110746426/product_pages	14400.0 s	76.2 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/serial_code/DGSKMEE-B/product_pages	14400.0 s	76.0 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111243979/product_pages	14400.0 s	75.2 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110710663/product_pages	14400.0 s	74.4 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110545982/product_pages	14400.0 s	71.8 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110478051/product_pages	14400.0 s	69.8 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111510736/product_pages	14400.0 s	69.5 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/978-3-11-091467-2/product_pages	14400.0 s	69.1 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111503592/product_pages	14400.0 s	68.2 KiB
/assets/fonts/merriweather-v22-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-reg...	3600.0 s	57.4 KiB
/assets/fonts/merriweather-v30-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-300...	3600.0 s	57.1 KiB
/assets/fonts/merriweather-v22-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-700...	3600.0 s	55.7 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111433226/product_pages	14400.0 s	63.9 KiB
/assets/fonts/montserrat-v15-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-700.w...	3600.0 s	52.0 KiB
/assets/fonts/montserrat-v15-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-regul...	3600.0 s	52.0 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783112225974/product_pages	14400.0 s	58.9 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/blog-1.jpg	3600.0 s	47.6 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110769203/product_pages	14400.0 s	55.7 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/serial_code/AR-B/product_pages	14400.0 s	51.1 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783112214497/product_pages	14400.0 s	48.9 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783119141925/product_pages	14400.0 s	47.6 KiB
/assets/fonts/montserrat-v25-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-500.w...	3600.0 s	39.9 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/fonts/InstrumentSans-SemiBold.ttf	3600.0 s	36.4 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/fonts/InstrumentSans-Medium.ttf	3600.0 s	36.2 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/fonts/InstrumentSans-Regular.ttf	3600.0 s	35.5 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/fonts/RecklessNeue-Book.woff2	3600.0 s	35.3 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/serial_code/CANIN-B/product_pages	14400.0 s	40.3 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/stylesheets/fontawesome.woff2	3600.0 s	11.4 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/stylesheets/dgbrill/homepage.css	3600.0 s	5.4 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/defaultCover.svg	3600.0 s	3.1 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/open-access.svg	3600.0 s	1.8 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/open-access.png	3600.0 s	1.5 KiB
connect.liblynx.com/log/js/counter5.js	86400.0 s	2.9 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/comma.svg	3600.0 s	1.3 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/arrow-right2.svg	3600.0 s	1.3 KiB
d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net/assets/embed.js	0.0 ms	1.0 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/select-arrow.svg	3600.0 s	974 B
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/homepage/dgb-back-arrow.svg	3600.0 s	922 B
cdn.foxycart.com/checkout.degruyterbrill.com/loader.js	90.0 s	659 B

Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Consider setting font-display to swap or optional to ensure text is consistently visible. swap can be further optimized to mitigate layout shifts with font metric overrides.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Est Savings
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/fonts/HafferVF.woff2	410 ms

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL	Resource Size	Est Savings
dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-partner-scroller > div.dgb-partner-array > div.dgb-card > img `dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-partner-scroller > div.dgb-partner-array > div.dgb-card > img`	www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/partner-2.png	1.2 MiB	1.1 MiB
dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-partner-scroller > div.dgb-partner-array > div.dgb-card > img `dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-partner-scroller > div.dgb-partner-array > div.dgb-card > img`	www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/partner-1.png	929.3 KiB	908.1 KiB
dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-partner-scroller > div.dgb-partner-array > div.dgb-card > img `dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-partner-scroller > div.dgb-partner-array > div.dgb-card > img`	www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/partner-3.png	825.2 KiB	804.0 KiB
Committed to your research See how we serve authors I am and I want to Start `body > main#main > div#mainHeader > div.dgb-wide`	www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/hero-image.jpg	795.4 KiB	637.0 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111438108/product_pages	183.7 KiB	173.8 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111338774/product_pages	91.4 KiB	85.3 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111344027/product_pages	82.5 KiB	76.9 KiB
a cover image `dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-suggestions > div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/serial_code/IVT-B/product_pages	80.2 KiB	74.8 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110746426/product_pages	75.5 KiB	70.4 KiB
a cover image `dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-suggestions > div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/serial_code/DGSKMEE-B/product_pages	75.3 KiB	70.2 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111243979/product_pages	74.5 KiB	69.4 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110710663/product_pages	73.7 KiB	68.8 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110545982/product_pages	71.1 KiB	66.3 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110478051/product_pages	69.1 KiB	64.4 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111510736/product_pages	68.8 KiB	64.1 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/978-3-11-091467-2/product_pages	68.4 KiB	63.8 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111503592/product_pages	67.5 KiB	63.0 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111433226/product_pages	63.2 KiB	59.0 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783112225974/product_pages	58.2 KiB	54.3 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110769203/product_pages	55.0 KiB	51.3 KiB
a cover image `dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-suggestions > div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/serial_code/AR-B/product_pages	50.4 KiB	47.0 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783112214497/product_pages	48.2 KiB	44.9 KiB
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783119141925/product_pages	46.9 KiB	43.8 KiB
a cover image `dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-suggestions > div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/serial_code/CANIN-B/product_pages	39.6 KiB	36.9 KiB

Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

lhId: page-3-DIV

nodeLabel: Committed to your research See how we serve authors I am and I want to Start

path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,6,MAIN,6,DIV,1,DIV

selector: body > main#main > div#mainHeader > div.dgb-wide

snippet: <div class="dgb-wide dgb-hero-bg">

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.

title: Preconnected origins

value: no origins were preconnected

description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.

title: Preconnect candidates

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size	Duration
/assets/stylesheets/670b98379425b2b97fe24f78ecc12bd9-main...	67.3 KiB	370 ms
/assets/stylesheets/13761c60ba5201f465803f3005ccd7ef-font...	1.4 KiB	217 ms
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/stylesheets/dgbrill/homepage.css	5.4 KiB	217 ms
/assets/stylesheets/a7ad7e8fc9b0fe0363459c865c0ecb34-boot...	9.8 KiB	114 ms

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 956 ms

URL	Time Spent
degruyter.com/	478 ms
www.degruyter.com/	478 ms
www.degruyterbrill.com/	0.0 ms

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

Diagnostics

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 60 ms 102.2 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/assets/stylesheets/670b98379425b2b97fe24f78ecc12bd9-main...	66.6 KiB	66.6 KiB
badge.dimensions.ai/badge.css	35.6 KiB	35.6 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 110 ms 212.1 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/destination?id=G-0C5LEN255K&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1	176.3 KiB	72.6 KiB
/gtm.js?id=GTM-PMNKTQ5&gtm_auth=JraP3pn8iVUkqNIGYl03AA&gt...	170.4 KiB	69.1 KiB
badge.dimensions.ai/badge.js	91.1 KiB	26.7 KiB
/checkout.degruyterbrill.com/foxycart.with-jquery.min.177...	82.1 KiB	23.3 KiB
/assets/javascripts/835e77a694cc46b66f3812640c574eef-main.js	33.0 KiB	20.5 KiB

Minifying JavaScript files can reduce payload sizes and script parse time. Learn how to minify JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 10 ms 21.1 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
badge.dimensions.ai/badge.js	91.1 KiB	21.1 KiB

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/partner-2.png	1.2 MiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/partner-1.png	930.0 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/partner-3.png	826.1 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/hero-image.jpg	796.1 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/fonts/HafferVF.woff2	397.0 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/blog-2.png	360.9 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111438108/product_pages	184.4 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/destination?id=G-0C5LEN255K&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1	176.8 KiB
/gtm.js?id=GTM-PMNKTQ5&gtm_auth=JraP3pn8iVUkqNIGYl03AA&gt...	170.7 KiB
www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111338774/product_pages	92.1 KiB

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111243979/product_pages
a cover image `dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-suggestions > div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/serial_code/AR-B/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783112225974/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110769203/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111433226/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111344027/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111338774/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111510736/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110746426/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111438108/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110710663/product_pages
a cover image `dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-suggestions > div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/serial_code/CANIN-B/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783112214497/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110545982/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783111503592/product_pages
a cover image `dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-suggestions > div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/serial_code/DGSKMEE-B/product_pages
a cover image `dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-suggestions > div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/serial_code/IVT-B/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/978-3-11-091467-2/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783119141925/product_pages
a cover image `div.dgb-card-array > a.dgb-card > div.dgb-cover-space > img.dgb-cover-image`	www.degruyterbrill.com/document/cover/isbn/9783110478051/product_pages
dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-partner-scroller > div.dgb-partner-array > div.dgb-card > img `dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-partner-scroller > div.dgb-partner-array > div.dgb-card > img`	www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/partner-1.png
dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-partner-scroller > div.dgb-partner-array > div.dgb-card > img `dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-partner-scroller > div.dgb-partner-array > div.dgb-card > img`	www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/partner-2.png
dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-partner-scroller > div.dgb-partner-array > div.dgb-card > img `dgb-horizontal-scroller.dgb-partner-scroller > div.dgb-partner-array > div.dgb-card > img`	www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/partner-3.png
div#mainHeader > div.dgb-wide > div.dgb-container > img `div#mainHeader > div.dgb-wide > div.dgb-container > img`	www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/open-access.svg
div.dgb-container > div.dgb-blog > div.dgb-card > img `div.dgb-container > div.dgb-blog > div.dgb-card > img`	www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/blog-2.png
div.dgb-container > div.dgb-blog > div.dgb-card > img `div.dgb-container > div.dgb-blog > div.dgb-card > img`	www.degruyterbrill.com/assets/images/blog-1.jpg

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Max Potential First Input Delay 90 ms

●Layout shift culprits

●Optimize DOM size

●Forced reflow

●LCP breakdown

●Modern HTTP

●Optimize viewport for mobile

●Minify CSS

●User Timing marks and measures 11 user timings

●JavaScript execution time 0.3 s

●Minimizes main-thread work 1.1 s

●Avoid long main-thread tasks 3 long tasks found

●Page didn't prevent back/forward cache restoration

●Network Requests

●Network Round Trip Times 80 ms

●Server Backend Latencies 60 ms

●Tasks

●Diagnostics

●Metrics

●Screenshot Thumbnails

●Final Screenshot

●Script Treemap Data

●Resources Summary

●Initial server response time was short Root document took 50 ms

●Avoid large layout shifts 2 layout shifts found

○INP breakdown

○Avoid non-composited animations

100

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Links have a discernible name

●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

●ARIA IDs are unique

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○Document has a `<title>` element

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order

○`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

○`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Form elements have associated labels

○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

○Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

○List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Document has a main landmark.

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Identical links have the same purpose.

○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

100

Best Practices

●Uses HTTPS

●Avoids deprecated APIs

●Avoids third-party cookies

●Allows users to paste into input fields

●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load

●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load

●Displays images with correct aspect ratio

●Serves images with appropriate resolution

●Page has the HTML doctype

●Properly defines charset

●No browser errors logged to the console

●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools

●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks

●Use a strong HSTS policy

●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP

●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types

●Detected JavaScript libraries

●Page has valid source maps

○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS

○Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP

SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

Content Best Practices

Descriptive link text helps search engines understand your content. Learn how to make links more accessible.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Link destination	Link Text
www.degruyterbrill.com/publishing/about-us/about-de-gruyter-brill/our-history	Learn more
www.degruyterbrill.com/publishing/about-us/about-de-gruyter-brill/open-access	Learn more

Format your HTML in a way that enables crawlers to better understand your app’s content.

○Structured data is valid

●Page isn’t blocked from indexing

●Document has a meta description

●Page has successful HTTP status code

●Links are crawlable

●robots.txt is valid

●Document has a valid `hreflang`

●Document has a valid `rel=canonical`

○Document has a `<title>` element

○Image elements have `[alt]` attributes